The Netherlands was once ruled by Spain, and in the 16th century, William I, Prince of Orange, led the people of the Netherlands to launch a war of independence. They designed an orange-white-blue tricolor flag. This color was derived from Orange.

As long as you look at the micro seal of the Zhi family, you will know: there is a white horn on the blue ground, and it is decorated with an orange rope.

After 1630, because the colors were not bright enough and difficult to identify on the battlefield, some people proposed changing the color of the national flag from red to orange and deepening the blue color. However, over the years, neither the government nor the royal family were willing.

Make changes.

On September 28, 1878, the Ministry of Interior of the Dutch cabinet government announced that starting from September 1, the Dutch flag would be changed. Although it is still a tricolor flag, it will be changed from orange, white, and blue from top to bottom to red.

, white, blue.

This time His Majesty King William IV of the Netherlands issued a decree officially stipulating that the colors of the Dutch flag are vermilion, white, and cobalt blue, and starting from January 1st, all Dutch institutions or organizations around the world will change to the new flag.

The change of the national flag was just to follow the trend. For William IV, it was just a small matter.

The recent news about Greece has made William IV relieved.

As for Melbourne, Alexandra didn't seem to care and acted as if she didn't know such a thing happened.

However, it is obvious that the relationship between the husband and wife is no longer as "harmonious" as it used to be. This can be seen from the fact that the two of them have been spending more and more time sleeping in separate rooms recently.

Well, William IV knew that he had already anticipated this scene since he slept with Princess Louise when he visited Athens, Greece in 1872. What he had been worried about for more than six years finally "came true". There are some

Mental preparation.

The situation has gradually calmed down, and the situation in Athens has also gradually calmed down.

Karel, his "cheap" son, also took the position of Duke of Sparta. It seems that his father William III was completely disappointed with Frederick. You must know that the title of Duke of Sparta has always been held concurrently by the crown prince. Now

But it was given to the grandson of William III. This seemed to indicate that the future heirs of the Greek Kingdom had entered an era of two powers.

And by doing this, at a glance, you can tell that William III is preparing to escort his grandson Karel.

William IV remembered the history of William III in his previous life. It seems that his cheap father William III lost his wife Queen Zuofei on June 3, 878, and married a woman 41 years younger than him in 1879 at the age of 61.

Princess Emma of the Duchy of Waldeck-Pyrmont, who was only 20 years old under the German Empire, finally gave birth to the famous Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands in 1880. After the death of William III in 1890, due to the blood of the Dutch royal family

Already cut off, she thought she was the only royal bloodline to inherit the throne of the King of the Netherlands at the age of only 10 years old.

Now William IV himself has changed his destiny. Historically, he died as the Crown Prince of Orange on June 11, 1879, while his third brother Frederic inherited the position of Prince of Orange and Crown Prince of the Netherlands, but also in 1884

Years passed away with him.

In just 6 years, William III lost his wife and welcomed a 20-year-old young wife. In 1879, he lost his eldest son and gave birth to his eldest daughter Wilhelmina at the age of 4. When Wilhelmina was four years old, he became the only male heir.

Frederick, the third son, also left him.

Only Wilhelmina and his young wife Queen Emma remained with him. After his death in 1890, Wilhelmina's status as king was established.

What William III didn't know was that as Wilhelmina ascended the throne and became Queen of the Netherlands, her mother, Princess Emma, ​​followed Berlin's orders and gradually turned the originally neutral Netherlands into a vassal of the German Empire.

Obviously, this was a huge conspiracy, and even William IV suspected that when his brothers passed away one after another in history, perhaps the German Empire "contributed" a lot.

With the arrival of William IV in this life, Dutch history has changed. William III has also moved to Greece to become the king, and Prince Karel, who was born to Princess Louise, became the Duke of Sparta in Greece.

The daughter born in 1876 was also named Wilhelmina. William IV had absolutely no involvement in the naming. William III helped to choose it as his grandfather.

The wheel of history seems to have changed its course with its arrival, just like the current situation in Europe.

However, as he left Europe with most of the Netherlands' strength and went to the Far East where Australia is located, and the Netherlands' European strength weakened, Europe seemed to have returned to its original historical track.

Unfortunately, South America has become a touchstone for the Netherlands, Britain and others to test their current strength, which is sad, but poor people must be hateful, which is good.

Paraguay's expansion ambitions, Argentina and Brazil's repeated struggles for the position of South America's leader, etc., have caused South Americans to catch fire like a raging fire.

It is far away from Europe and Australia, but it will not affect the territory of the British and the Dutch. Therefore, although the British and the Dutch declared war, they chose Chile as the battlefield in a tacit understanding.

Naturally, talking about diplomacy every day was not the only thing William IV did. He still needed to eat, sleep, go to mass, and deal with difficult domestic problems. In addition, he also had to set aside time every day to pave the way for the development of all aspects of the Netherlands.

Yes, no success is achieved in one step. It requires hard work and paving the way to go further.

Telegraphs, telephones, high-voltage transmission lines, mechanical lathes, electric lights, water pumps, etc. are all enough to change the course of human development.

Of course, steelmaking and the prosperous Dutch steel industry provided high-quality and cheap steel for the Dutch railway era.

Steel is not only used in lathes to promote the electrical and mechanical processes of the Netherlands, but is also widely used in bridges, ships, building structures and weapons and ammunition.

This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! In short, with the advancement of William IV, various iron mines across the Australian continent and the Far East blossomed and entered a prosperous mining era.

On September 29, 1878, the Dutch United Industries Company announced in Melbourne that its experts had jointly proposed the theory of allotropy and had made significant developments in experiments. The company stated that it would provide the metal market with specialized tools for tool manufacturing and

Military cannons are made of high-quality alloys.

The Socialist Party has given great support to United Industries in the Dutch Parliament. With the support of the Socialist Party, the Dutch Ministry of Finance budget will allocate more than 5 million guilders (£200,000) to support the market of United Industries' experiment.

Practicality.

It was due to the strong support of the Dutch government that starting from the end of 1878, electrometallurgy greatly increased the production of aluminum. At the same time, various alloy metals came on the scene, causing the world's metal ranks to become shaky.

If the iron manufacturers were the giants of the first industrial revolution, then their real successors are the current steel kings of various countries, such as the current steel kings outside the Netherlands, Schneider of Leclerc and Krupp of the German Empire.

In the Netherlands, it is almost monopolized by three major consortiums.

In this era, steel output has also become a key indicator to measure the industrial strength of countries around the world.

At the same time, transportation in the Netherlands has rapidly improved in speed, efficiency, and comfort.

A new immigrant, John McAdam, who is currently a senior lecturer at the University of Sydney, invented the gravel asphalt pavement in Sydney in January 1878, marking a new era of road construction. Especially now, bicycles, motorcycles and even bicycles in the Netherlands

There are also cases where cars have appeared on the streets, especially four-wheeled cars. With the three major car brands of Dai-Rham, Otto and Mercedes-Benz becoming more and more on the road, the emergence of asphalt roads

But he makes the best use of his favorite things.

Sydney Harbor Bridge, this bridge was built to connect the north shore of the city and the central area. It is located in Sydney, Australia. The construction period was 7 years. It was completed in 1876. It is the largest single-gong steel bridge in the world today. Depending on the temperature, the bridge may

It will expand and contract, resulting in a height difference of 18 cm.

This is currently the most famous bridge in the Far East. It transports buses, cars, and also carries bicycle lanes and sidewalks. Because of its unique shape, it was called a coat rack by the Dutch. At the same time, the Sydney Opera House, completed in 1877,

Located next to the Sydney Harbor Bridge, the landscape combined with it is famous around the world.

At the same time, Dutch bridge expert Telford built the first suspension bridge across the river connecting the two banks on the Murray River in South Australia, marking a new height in bridge technology in the Netherlands.

At the same time, because the railways built in the Far East and Australia in the Netherlands are all of the latest type, the rails and speeds used are more technologically advanced than those in Europe. Therefore, the Netherlands-Australia Circle Railway, the North-South Railway at the headquarters, and many railways in the east are all

It carries more passengers and cargo faster than Europe. The price is also cheaper.

In 1800, the journey from Paris to St. Petersburg took 20 days. By 1877, it only took 40 hours.

On the Australian side, it also takes a month to go west from Sydney to Perth in Western Australia, but with the advanced railway technology of the Netherlands, it only takes 30 hours.

Because of the convenience brought by railways, all of Europe is obsessed with the efficiency of the railway and its fascination with railways. Now, the Netherlands has the densest railway network in Europe, with 32.8 kilometers of railways per square kilometer, and the United Kingdom has the most dense railway network in the world.

15 kilometers, Germany's 12 kilometers. Sweden had the longest railway network per capita at that time, with 21 kilometers per 10,000 people. The Netherlands' European mainland had 17 kilometers. Siberia had the lowest per capita railway mileage, only 1.5 kilometers. The Russian Empire

The railway mileage per 10,000 people in the European part is 3.7 kilometers.

The entire Kingdom of the Netherlands, taking the Australian continent as an example, has an average of 5 kilometers per square kilometer. This is mainly because the Australian continent is too big, and the per capita average in Australia is 11 kilometers. This is also forgivable. After all, the Netherlands has only ruled Australia for 14 years.

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Chapter completed!