Huang Haojie has seen the construction progress of the Luhe County X-ray laser base.

Judging from the current situation, due to the mature technology, the project is expected to be completed from November to December this year.

Then adjust and initial experiments for two or three months, that is, iron silver room temperature superconductors are expected to be mass-produced on a small scale in April next year.

Once you have a room-temperature superconductor, Galaxy Technology's chips must be launched.

So this time Zhang Rujing's resignation is an opportunity for Huang Haojie.

He needs someone who knows the chip industry well to take the helm of Galaxy Technology's chip company.

Zhang Rujing is very suitable. The other party is very good at factory construction in the chip industry, and this is exactly what Huang Haojie needs.

In addition, the other party has a good character, Huang Haojie decided to contact the other party to see if he could bring Zhang Rujing to Galaxy Technology.

However, because the data integrity of superconducting quantum chips is very low, it is only around 8 so far.

Huang Haojie has decided to produce superconducting electronic chips first.

In fact, the processes of superconducting quantum chips and electronic chips are similar.

Since computer technology became popular in the second half of the 20th century, human beings have entered the information age.

As computer chips become more and more integrated, components are getting smaller and smaller. Integrated circuit technology is now approaching its limit, and Moore's Law is about to fail, and the performance of electronic chips is almost at its limit.

Moreover, although the computer's running speed is increasing day by day, there are some problems that computers cannot solve at all. For example, factorization of large numbers. In theory, as long as a number is large enough, this problem is enough for the fastest computers currently being busy for hundreds of millions of years.

Therefore, the new computer must be put on the agenda.

At present, there are three main ways to go about the computer in the future, namely: quantum computer photonic computer biological computer.

Quantum computers are also divided into many branches, and superconducting quantum computers are the most promising at present. Others include optical quantum ion trap superconducting circuits diamond color centers and semiconductor quantum dots, both of which have hope to be used as quantum bits, that is, quantum computers.

Photonic computers also have great potential. Of course, like quantum computers, materials are a big problem and how to design them is also very troublesome.

As for biological computers, this thing is also called DNA computers or molecular computers. Foreigners have developed it a long time ago, and the computing speed is extraordinary, but how to read data is a huge problem.

Huang Haojie now has room temperature superconductor technology, so he certainly prefers superconducting quantum computers.

In addition, the technical information of the 8 quantum chips is not completely inaccessible.

He found that one of the technologies could be used in chip technology.

Let’s talk about the current electronic computer chip technology, the chip production process and the level of Milijia (because Dongdao and the mainland are now in a state of division and governance, Dongdao’s chip technology is not the same as Dongtang).

Silicon, this thing needs to be chlorinated and then distilled, which can obtain silicon with high purity. Cutting it into slices is the silicon wafer we want.

The judging indicator of silicon is purity. Think about it, if there is a bunch of impurities in silicon, then the electrons will not be able to run smoothly.

The solar-grade high-purity silicon requires 99.9999. More than half of this thing in the world are produced by Dongtang, and it has long been played with the price of bargain.

Electronic grade high-purity silicon used in chips requires 99.9999999999, almost all of which depend on imports.

I heard that Xinhua Company in Su Province is developing and planning to initially achieve an annual output of 5,000 tons, while Dongtang imports 150,000 tons per year.

The traditional overlords of high-purity silicon are still Hans Wacker and Milijiahemlock. Dongtang has a long way to go.

Next is the wafer. When purifying silicon, it needs to be rotated, and the finished product is cylindrical. Therefore, the sliced ​​silicon wafer is also round, so it is called "wafer".

After cutting, thousands of circuits are installed on the wafer, and the one who does this job is called a "fab".

So with the current human technology, how can this operation be completed? Using atomic manipulation? Perhaps Huang Haojie, who is parallel to time and space, can complete it using nanorobots. As for now, just think about it.

The wafer processing process is a bit cumbersome.

First, apply a layer of photosensitive material on the wafer, and the material melts when it sees light. Where does the light come from? A photolithography machine can use very precise light to carve patterns on the photosensitive material to expose the wafer below.

Then, with plasma and other things, the exposed wafer will be carved with many grooves, and this set of equipment is called an etching machine.

Polyphosphorus elements are incorporated into the trench and a bunch of n-type semiconductors are obtained.

After completion, clean it, re-coat the photosensitive material, engrave the drawing with a lithography machine, engrave the grooves with an etching machine, and then sprinkle boron, and then there is a p-type semiconductor.

The actual process is more cumbersome, and the principle is roughly like this. It is a bit like 3D printing, where wires and other devices are loaded in layer by layer.

So why not make the chip bigger? Isn’t it possible to install more circuits? Isn’t the performance catching up with foreign countries?

The answer is surprisingly simple: money! A 300mm diameter wafer can make 100 chips in a 16nm process, and 210 chips in a 10nm process, so the price is half cheap, and you can hold down your competitors in the market. After making money, you can do more research and development, and the gap is widened.

However, Dongtang military chips have basically achieved self-sufficiency, because rabbits don’t care about money! They can make chips big.

In addition, the larger the silicon wafer, the greater the probability of encountering impurities, so the larger the chip, the lower the yield rate. In general, the cost of large chips is much higher than that of small chips, but for Juntu, this is not a problem.

After all, safety is the best, spending money is better than being choked.

The chip yield depends on the overall level of the fab, but the processing accuracy depends entirely on the core equipment, which is the "lithography machine" mentioned above.

Lithography machine, the Netherlands-Asmai company swept the world! Sorry, the output is not high, you can wait! Whether it is Taiji Dian Sanxin or Intel, whoever buys ASmai's lithography machine first will be the first to have the 7nm process. There is no way, it is so powerful!

Nikon and Canon of the Sun Kingdom also make lithography machines, but their technology is far inferior to ASMA. In recent years, ASMA has been beaten so hard that it can't find North, so it can only grab share in the low-end market.

Asmay is the only high-end lithography machine manufacturer, each priced at least US$100 million. It only produced 12 units in 2017 and is expected to produce 24 units in 2018. These have been snatched up by TSMC Samsung Intel. It is estimated that there will be 40 units in 2019, one of which is for Huaxin International.

Since it is so important, can't we pay more?

First: Intel has shares of Asmay 15, Taiji Electric has 5, Sanxin has 3, and sometimes, money is not omnipotent. Second, Dongtang has compiled the "Wasenal Agreement", and sensitive technologies cannot be sold. Dongtang Bei Gaoli Persian Libiya is a restricted country.

Interestingly, in 2009, Shangshang Microelectronics' 90-nanometer lithography machine was successfully developed. In 2010, Milijia allowed equipment above 90nm to be sold to Huaguo. Later, Dongtang began to develop 65nm lithography machines. In 2015, Milijia allowed equipment above 65nm to be sold to Dongtang. Only then did SMIC have the opportunity to find a high-end machine.

Of course, the reason for this is self-evident. The reason for the relaxation of restrictions is mainly to crack down on Dongtang enterprises, so that Dongtang enterprises cannot make profits, and thus fall into a vicious cycle.

But we don’t have to be discouraged. We can easily win ASMAI for sales in any real estate company.

The etching machine of the second most important factor is that it is much better in Dongtang. The 16nm etching machine has been mass-produced and operated, and the 710nm etching machine is also on the way, so Milijia thoughtfully lifted the blockade of Dongtang etching machine.

Injecting boron, phosphorus and other elements into wafers requires an "ion implanter". This year, it seems that the first domestic commercial machine is needed in China, but I don't know the level.

The market share of ion implanter 70 is from Milijia Applied Materials Co., Ltd.

To apply photosensitive materials, you have to use a "glue-coated developer", and Sun Country Tokyo Electronics Company took away 90 market share.

Even auxiliary materials such as photoresist are almost monopolized by Sun Guoxin Yue Milijia Dow and others.

After the chip is made, it has to be cut off from the wafer, connected to the wire, installed on the shell, and tested by the way. This is called packaging and testing.

The closed test is the world's Sun and Moonlight, which ranks first in the world, followed by a bunch of powerful younger brothers: Silicon Pin Licheng Nanmao Xinbang Jingyuan Electronics.

Dongtang’s three packaging and testing giants, Changdian Technology Huatian Technology Tongfu Microelectronics, are all doing well. After all, they are just the end of the chip industry and have low technical content.

Silicon raw material chip design wafer processing, packaging and testing, as well as related semiconductor equipment, Dongtang is still in a state of "a long way to go" in most fields.

So how long will this confusion last? According to the theory of "burning money and burning time", counting with your fingers, it will be around 2030!

The "Outline for the Development of Integrated Circuit Industry" issued by the Dongtang Cabinet clearly states that by 2030, the main links of the integrated circuit industry chain will reach the international advanced level, a number of enterprises will enter the first echelon of the international community, and the industry will achieve leapfrog development.

At present, the overall level of Dongtang chips is almost at the stage of just achieving zero breakthroughs. Although the market share is tiny, every field is following up.

The task is a long way to go!
Chapter completed!