Chapter 346 Super Cannon and White Phosphorus Bomb
On the Beiyuan weapon test field, dust was flying and the sound of machines was rumbling. A crawler-type vehicle that was shaped like a modern tank but was very strange was slowly passing by.
"Is this the m07 type chariot?" Chen Hao, the emperor of the Chinese Empire in the stands, pointed to the "monster" below and asked.[..com]
"Yes, your majesty, this is the chariot just developed by the Army Department." Wang Shizhen explained from the side and ordered someone to bring the design drawings and parameters of the M07 chariot for Wang Chenhao to see.
Wang Chenhao looked at the design parameters of the m07 type chariot and shook his head and smiled bitterly: "It's too far from the tank I imagined!" At that time, Wang Chenhao's tank design drawings and standards for the officers of the Army Department were completely based on the style and standards of the main battle tank of the 21st century. According to his requirements, the tank was made of a weapon system.
It consists of propulsion systems, protection systems, communication equipment, electrical equipment and other special equipment and devices.
But what Wang Chenhao did not expect was that tanks in the 21st century could not be built in the early 20th century.
The Army Department spent a lot of energy and mobilized more than 10 experts from all walks of life to finally design the Type 07 combat tank. Except for the prototype of modern tanks in its appearance, the other aspects are far from meeting the indicators proposed by Wang Chenhao.
The m07 tank is divided into three types: ABC type. The difference between the three models of ABC is the weapon system it carries.
The warhead of the m07a type is a rotating turret, equipped with a 37mm smoothbore gun, which is a fully cast turret that can rotate. It requires a gunner, a driver and a maintenance soldier. It is equipped with 40 rounds of ammunition.
The B-type warhead is a fixed bunker-type shooting bunker equipped with Mibrowning Ps2 air-cooled heavy machine gun, mm Browning air-cooled heavy machine gun, which are located in the shooting holes in the east, west, south and north. They are equipped with 4 machine gunners, 1 driver and 1 maintenance soldier.
Each machine gun is equipped with 500 rounds of ammunition.
The warhead of the m07c type is also a bunker-type shooting bunker, equipped with a millimeter Browning heavy machine gun, located on the front, carrying a machine gunner, a driver, a maintenance soldier and 2 communication soldiers. The machine gun is equipped with 500 rounds of ammunition.
The three models all look like a huge "convex" iron box, with the upper part of the battle and the lower part of the rectangular body. The Holt-type tractor chassis is directly applied, and the outer part is covered with steel plates.
The vehicle is 6 meters long, 2.4 meters wide, 3 meters high, and fully armored protection, with an average coverage of 16
With millimeter armor, the total combat weight is 16 tons, it can be said to be a giant.
In order to promote this behemoth, the propulsion system uses the Ford 05 vertical liquid 4-cylinder 2-stroke gasoline engine, with a power of 39 horsepower and a thrust-to-weight ratio of 6.5 horsepower, tons. The original plan...
Using Diesel's diesel engine, but the oil production engine does have many defects. The biggest problem is its weight. Since the cylinder pressure of the diesel engine is much higher than that of the gasoline engine, the cylinder block of the diesel engine is much thicker than that of the gasoline engine. At the same time, the air compressor used by the diesel engine for compressed air was also very huge, which makes the diesel engine very bulky overall and is extremely unsuitable for the chariot with a "small skeleton".
However, Diesel is also working hard. He is studying pump injectors that can reduce the weight of diesel engines. Once developed, the weight of diesel engines can be greatly reduced. At that time, the advantages of diesel engines will exceed that of gasoline engines. Because diesel engines have incomparable torque advantages that gasoline engines have, when the power is the same, the diesel engines have a great fuel economy advantage, which makes Diesel firmly believe that the future tank engines will definitely use his diesel engines.
Due to the excessive weight of the tank, the fuel carrying capacity of the Type 07 tank can only support its maximum range of 45 kilometers (flat land) and 12 kilometers (mountain land). The maximum speed is much lower than that of the car, and the flat land is 5.
Kilometers per hour are equivalent to the infantry's cross-country running speed, and the mountain is 2 kilometers per hour, which is only equivalent to the infantry's walking speed.
The main reason for this slow speed is not the engine problem. The engine can completely push the tank to more than 10 kilometers per hour. However, after the engineers tested the initial prototype, once the tank speed exceeds 5 kilometers per hour, the tracks of the tank will not be supported and will be damaged soon. Moreover, the tank does not have a suspension and shock absorption system, the members of the vehicle are severely bumped, and the engine is prone to failure due to severe bumps, and the ammunition compartment is not safe under such severe bumps. Therefore, the engineers reduced the starting speed to 5 kilometers per hour, using a fixed shaft mechanical gearbox, located at the rear of the tank, advanced in third gear, and retreated in third gear. First gear 2 kilometers, second gear 4 kilometers, and third gear 5 kilometers.
In terms of tank transmission, the front drive is used, but the engine and gearbox are at the rear of the tank.
Engineers have been controversial for a long time about the front or rear of the driving wheel. The engine is located at the rear of the vehicle body. The power of the engine is transmitted to the gearbox at the front of the vehicle body through a very long transmission shaft and then to the driving wheel. The advantage of this overall arrangement is that the longitudinal balance of the entire vehicle can shorten the distance between the length and the joystick and the shorter the distance to eliminate faults.
The prominent disadvantage is that the transmission shaft passes through the combat chamber 1 to increase the height of the vehicle 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Both have their own advantages and disadvantages. In Wang Chenhao's view, the later chariots were rear-mounted with the engine and gearbox, but the problem was that the various components and equipment of the Chinese Empire in chariots were still in the original stage and could not meet the technical requirements of the rear-mounted chariot. Moreover, the wheels of the chariots were generally divided into active wheels and guide wheels.
The water heavy wheel and a support pulley. The Type 07 tank only has two large driving wheels and driven wheels. There are no guide wheels, load-bearing wheels and towing pulleys.
"The track at the bottom of the chariot must be embezzled with several load-bearing wheels to carry the weight of the chariot itself. The function of the driving wheel is to tug the tracks, and it should not be to bear the weight of the chariot itself.
The driving wheel is placed at the back to facilitate cost savings and maintenance. The driving wheel is generally determined by the engine position in the front and rear. The closer it is to the engine, the better it is, which can reduce the energy loss caused by the intermediate transmission. Compared with the position of the driving wheel, some guide wheels are added above or above the back of the load-bearing wheel, so as to balance the pressure of the track and extend the life of the track. In addition, the suspension problem of the tank must be solved, and vertical shock absorbing springs can be used, otherwise the soldiers inside will be shocked before they even arrive on the battlefield. What else can they fight?"
Wang Chenhao finally said: "The most critical thing about a tank is the life of the track. You can try to add a layer of rubber and lubricating oil to the bearings at the track connection parts to reduce vibration and friction. The technicians of the Imperial Steel Plant can specially develop a high-strength bearing steel, which can greatly improve the life of the track."
Wang Chenhao taught him his understanding of war vehicles to dozens of engineers. Although his words seem not professional enough in modern times, in the era before him, his words were like navigation lights at night, and immediately pointed out the direction for engineers.
Wang Shizhen and other military officials and engineers admired the emperor's knowledge and talent.
Although the m07 type chariot is too simple in Wang Chenhao's eyes, in the eyes of army officials such as Wang Shizhen, this type of armored combat vehicle will become the most powerful attack weapon for future Imperial Army infantry to charge, and everyone has high expectations for combat vehicles.
Wang Shizhen said excitedly: "Your Majesty, with this kind of chariot weapon, the enemy's trenches, wire barriers, etc. will be no problem in the future. Our army will be able to break through directly." Wang Chenhao nodded, thinking that the role of the chariot during World War I was nothing more than to break through obstacles. Due to industrial technology restrictions, the artillery system of the chariot was not used.
"Our tank weapons must be kept strictly confidential, and research funds should be strongly supported." Wang Shizhen replied: "Weichen has allocated 3 million yuan from defense funds for tank projects research!" Wang Chenhao nodded and continued: "I have finally come here once. Are there any other advanced weapons projects?"
Wang Shizhen thought for a while and said, "The Army does not have too many secret research projects. Rosenberg is leading people to develop a railway cannon. It is based on the 280mm track fortress cannon as the development basis, extending it to 65 times, and can hit a ton of shells to a height of 35 meters and have a range of 120 kilometers." Paris Cannon?
Wang Chenhao thought of this at the first time, and Rosenberg was one of the designers of the Paris cannons, but now he is designing super cannons for the Imperial Chinese Army. This made Wang Chenhao feel both excited and surprised. What was excited was that the Chinese Empire also had this super deterrent weapon. What was surprised was that Rosenberg was worthy of being an artillery expert and now developed a super cannon.
Accompanied by Wang Shizhen, Wang Chenhao visited Rosenberg's giant cannon.
When Wang Chenhao saw the super cannon, he couldn't help but be amazed. The barrel of the giant cannon was as long as the old rice, the huge cannon body was like a hill, and a person could even squat in the cannon chamber.
Wang Chenhao asked, "Has this cannon been finalized?" Rosenberg replied, "Dear Your Majesty, this cannon is still under test and is expected to be finalized in three years."
Wang Chenhao nodded. When visiting the shells used by the giant cannon, he saw that the caliber of the shells was different, so he asked curiously: "What? This giant cannon can fire shells of multiple caliber?" Rosenberg smiled and said: "Your Majesty, this giant cannon cannot fire shells of multiple caliber. The caliber you see is from 280 mm to 305 mm. This is because our barrel strength is not enough. When firing more than one ton of shells, its huge chamber pressure will cause a large piece of steel sheet of the chamber wall every time the shell is out of the barrel. In this way, in order to ensure the chamber pressure and air tightness, our shells will increase the caliber of the shells in turn. After it is the turn to fire the 305 mm shell, the barrel of this giant cannon will have to be replaced."
Wang Chenhao suddenly realized that it was like this.
Then he asked suspiciously: "Can Lou's Chinese special steel not reduce wear?" Rosenberg nodded and said: "Yes! Chinese special steel is the best steel I have seen, much better than Krupp's steel, but the barrel of the giant cannon is too compact, and even diamond-made gun barrels will have wear. Unless we reduce the range, we will lose the strategic deterrence of long-range strikes."
Wang Chenhao thought about it and asked Wang Shizhen quietly, "How much does this thing cost?"
Wang Shizhen whispered: "This thing is costing 1.7 million."
"It's too expensive!" Wang Chenhao said: "You can accumulate technology, but it is not recommended to mass production. We don't need this thing for the time being."
"I understand!" Wang Shizhen quickly took the order.
Afterwards, Wang Shizhen accompanied Wang Chenhao to visit other departments of the Army Weapons Research Institute. In addition to watching a test shot at the giant cannon test site, he felt very shocked, and the white phosphorus bomb test explosion scene seen on the artillery shell test site left a deep impression.
The Army Weapons Research Institute was inspired by the results obtained by the Pingchang airships in the Sino-Russian War. The targets of gasoline bombs were limited, and some solid steel and cement fortifications and steel protection targets were indestructible to gasoline bombs. Moreover, the explosion power was insufficient. Therefore, the Army Weapon Research Institute's Ammunition Research Institute developed a new type of ammunition that was cheaper but also had destructive power, which was the white phosphorus bomb.
The basic structure of the white phosphorus bomb is to fill the bullet body with phosphorus medicine, and it starts to ignite spontaneously when it encounters air until it is consumed. The complete white phosphorus bomb consists of the bullet bottom, the shell bottom plug, the washer, the detonator, the detonator, the detonator chamber, the yellow phosphorus cigarette tank, the pot separator, the bullet body, the delayed detonator, the ejection drug and the mechanical time instant fuse.
For the Emperor's Industrial Department, the white phosphorus bomb is easy to manufacture, and it is cheap and has huge lethality. It is a very expensive and large-scale destructive weapon.
It is mainly because the white phosphorus ignition point is extremely low, and once it comes into contact with oxygen, it will burn, emit yellow flames and emit strong smoke. It can be used to burn substances that are difficult to burn in ordinary combustion materials. Its characteristic is that it can fully burn in a narrow or small air density space. Generally, the combustion temperature can reach more than 1,000 degrees, which is enough to eliminate all living organisms within an effective range. The damage of the white phosphorus bomb is very large. It constantly burns after it hits an object, and even steel will be burned through and melted.
White phosphorus incendiary bombs are used to use this quality. They are very powerful incendiary bombs. If they are touched on the skin, they are difficult to remove in time. The combustion temperature is high and can burn all the way to the bones. At the same time, the smoke generated is extremely punctual to the eyes and nose.
In addition to gasoline bombs, the Imperial Army approved the production plan for white phosphorus bombs.
"Your Majesty!" Wang Shizhen explained: "We have driven a large number of animals into abandoned fortifications and used white phosphorus bombs to test. The white phosphorus explosion will instantly form clouds, and no creatures within a radius of 150 meters are spared. The burning white phosphorus will burn the animal's flesh until it burns bones. We currently have small white phosphorus bombs fired by lightning cannons, and are planning to develop airdrop white phosphorus bombs that can be carried over enemy cities with airships to deter the enemy.
There are also shells fired by naval naval guns to melt the enemy's warship steel armor."
Wang Chenhao nodded and said, "It's great! But be sure to keep it confidential! Once this weapon is put into use, it will soon attract international public attention. The international community will soon reach a treaty banning the use of white phosphorus bombs, so we must be cautious in keeping this weapon and use it at critical moments." Wang Shizhen nodded and said, "I understand!" The Army Research Institute also has some new infantry weapons, such as the large-caliber m2 Browning heavy machine gun. The Army troops like this heavy machine gun very much, because the meter bullets are enough to sweep the battlefield, and even the armor of the M07 tank cannot resist it. However, the disadvantage is that the m2 heavy machine gun is too bulky. The Army Department has only purchased 20tings for experiments for the time being, and Browning is still upgrading and renovating it.
The decision of the future battlefield was in the sky, so after leaving the Army Research Institute, Wang Chenhao went to the Air Force Research Institute for inspection.
Regarding the Air Force Research Institute, what Wang Chenhao is most concerned about is naturally the Air Force's aircraft project.
Since the Sino-Russian War, the aircraft of the Chinese Empire have been paid attention to by the great powers of Europe and the United States. As European and American countries have successively imported export-type J-1 reconnaissance aircraft from the Chinese Empire, and have successively carried out related imitation work.
The British hp1, hp2, French fb, German fb, American Wright aircraft have appeared one after another. Since they refer to the J-1 reconnaissance aircraft of the Chinese Empire, the starting point is much higher than in history, and the aircraft has also become much more advanced.
In order to maintain air superiority, the Chinese Empire not only built the world's only Royal Air School and Royal Air Club to attract aircraft enthusiasts from all over the world and increase the popularity of the Chinese Empire, the Chinese Empire's Air Force itself also realized the pressure and competition, so it vigorously developed new aircraft.
The export type of J-1 has lowered the standards, which has opened up a certain gap between the Imperial Air Force and the regional aviation of European and American countries.
That is, after the J-1 aircraft, the Chinese Empire completed the test of the J-2 aircraft in 1905, including reconnaissance aircraft, fighter aircraft, and trainer aircraft.
The J-2 aircraft's xing energy has been greatly improved compared with the J-1 aircraft, which is reflected in the maximum take-off weight of 500 kilograms. Using the BT11 rotary cylinder air-cooled star gasoline engine invented by Segan, a French-borne Segundae, the newly developed BT11 star gasoline engine has a power of 57 horsepower. The J-2 aircraft's speed reaches 100 kilometers per hour, the maximum lift limit is 1,200 meters, the range is 140 kilometers, and the range of the secondary fuel tank can reach 200 kilometers.
Because neighboring countries have too little threat to the Imperial Air Force, the Russian Army Air Force and the Japanese Army Air Force have introduced the early shrinking version of the J-1, which is too far apart. The Wright Aircraft equipped by the US Army Air Force is also too far apart, which is not enough to pose an air threat to the Imperial China.
Therefore, the Imperial Chinese Air Force only purchased 20 J-2 aircraft as coaches and training, but instead ordered the Air Force Research Institute to step up the development of a more advanced and stable J-3 type.
In early 1906, the first wind tunnel test base of the Chinese Empire was built in Nanyuan. With the wind tunnel test base, the Air Force Research Institute could conduct various data tests on the prototype in the wind, obtain more aerodynamic layout technology and parameters related to fluid mechanics, and can make aircraft structures that are more in line with aerodynamic layout and fluid mechanics.!.
Chapter completed!