Three-third Line

Jointly ** to intervene in the South African civil war, and large forces stationed on the dividing line between the North and South governments, preventing the North and South troops from fighting, and enjoying the praise of maintaining peace internationally.

Since the Pretorian government and the Cape Town government in South Africa dare not easily start a war with the United Nations, after the United Nations intervention, the North and South governments announced ceasefires and accepted mediation by the League of Nations.

At the end of 1925, the Pretoria government of South Africa and the Cape Town government respectively sent special commissioners to the headquarters of the League of Nations. Under the supervision of the Chinese Empire and other members of the League of Nations, the North and South governments held peace talks to strive to resolve the problem through negotiations.

The Chinese Empire proposed that the League of Nations temporarily trust South Africa, and waited for the agreement between the north and south governments of South Africa to hand over the regime to the new South African government. The proposal of the Chinese Empire was approved by most of the members of the League of Nations, but Britain and others strongly opposed it.

When they learned that the League of Nations wanted to manage South Africa, South Africans in both the south and the north had launched a nationalist movement, advocating the establishment of a unified South African regime and refused to be entrusted by the League of Nations.

Germany and the Netherlands openly supported the Pretorian government based on their own interests, because the Pretorian government had recognized the Boers as South African citizens and lifted the unequal restrictions on Boers second-class citizens after the Boer War, which received strong support from the Netherlands. The United Kingdom was naturally unwilling to lose control of South Africa and did not want to be entrusted by the League of Nations, trying to support the Cape Town government to regain control of South Africa. Therefore, the United Kingdom supported the Cape Town government.

Among other countries, the great powers led by the Chinese Empire only thought about how to obtain the mining and operation rights of South Africa's gold and diamonds, so they kept wandering between the north and south governments, and on the surface, maintaining neutrality and maintaining fairness of the League of Nations, but in fact they put pressure on the north and south governments to give them corresponding benefits to the Chinese Empire and other countries.

During the peace talks, the United Kingdom and the German-Dutch alliance boldly supported the north and south governments to clean up the opposition within their sphere of influence in order to balance major powers.

In the north, the British capitalist leader Holmespiel, who supported Britain, was under house arrest by the Northern Army for opposing South Africa's ** and was killed three days later. The Northern Army suppressed the right-wing student movement that supported the Commonwealth in Kimberley, South Africa, and suppressed the "Support League of Nations Trustee" student movement in Pretoria. South African nationalists and right-wing elements were wiped out. In the north, a group of Communist International groups who took the opportunity to make trouble were almost all. They have been unwilling to fail since they were suppressed by Britain, and have taken the opportunity to get a share of the pie.

In the south, Henris, the left-wing democratic faction in Cape Town, was assassinated, and the faction no longer existed as a political force supporting South Africa's **. The South African Communist International Group once tried to overthrow the Cape Town government and establish a Soviet republic with the help of slogans such as South Africa, but the space for activities was getting smaller and smaller under the joint attack of the British occupation forces and the Cape Town government forces. The British occupation authorities used the excuse of the "pseudocurrency incident" to cancel a large number of Communist International Groups under the pretext of national affairs.

As the North and South governments continue to cultivate their support to combat hostile forces, the Joint Committee of the League of Nations Mediation cannot reach an agreement on how South Africa organizes a peaceful reunification election. Britain accused Germany and the Netherlands of suppressing right-wing parties and opposition in the north, while Germany and the Netherlands accused Britain of fraud on election issues.

In view of this, on January 17, 1926, the Chinese Empire advocated that the League of Nations establish the League of Nations Interim Committee for South Africa, which was responsible for observing and supervising the elections held in the north and south, forming the National Assembly of South Africa, and the National Assembly convened a meeting to establish a national government and decided whether to continue to stay in the Commonwealth.

Since Germany and Britain are both permanent members and have a veto power, the barcode of the North-South negotiations was either rejected by Britain or Germany when they arrived at the Security Council, and the negotiations were in a stalemate. The Chinese Empire hoped to maintain the separatist situation in South Africa and completely expelled Britain from the three northern provinces. Therefore, the Chinese Empire advocated the establishment of two South African countries, and other countries wanted to get a share of the Chinese Empire, so they all agreed. However, after Germany and the Netherlands had the opportunity to intervene in South Africa, their ambitions began to expand, and their intention to control the three northern provinces alone was obvious.

On January 31, the Chinese Empire avoided the meeting of five permanent members of the Security Council and submitted the plan directly to the General Assembly of the National Assembly. Although considering that both Britain and Germany were opposed, the General Assembly still voted to pass the proposal of the Chinese Empire.

The "United Nations Interim Committee of South Africa" ​​consists of nine countries, including Germany and the United Kingdom, to supervise the establishment of the South African Parliament and elect a unified government.

On February 3, the representative of the Chinese Empire, Chen Keji, led the League of Nations Committee to South Africa to arrange unified election affairs. The UK prohibited such elections in Cape Town and did not allow League of Nations personnel to enter the country. They had to return after inspection in Cape Town.

On February 26, the Interim Committee of the General Assembly passed a resolution: "Allow South Africans to continue their elections wherever they can."

Until April, under the strict vigilance and supervision of the United Nations, Pretoria held a separate election. According to statistics after the closure of various voting sites on the 10th, about 85% of the 8 million voters in northern and southern Africa participated in the election. The result of the election was that Sanqiko became the first president of the Republic of South Africa with a slightly superior advantage. Sanqiko actually has a deep connection with the Soviet Union and the Communist International. He was able to win, and the Soviet Union and the Communist International also helped a lot.

A month later, the elections in Cape Town in the southern region were also completed under the control of the United Kingdom, and George, a pro-British politician, served as the president of the Republic of South Africa. In this way, the government of the Republic of South Africa and the Government of the Republic of South Africa were successively established in the north and south regions of South Africa.

In June, the Chinese Empire handed over the administrative power north of the 33rd Line in the south to the Government of the Republic of South Africa, leaving it to the Government of the Republic of South Africa. The British army continued to station in Cape Town, south of the 33rd Line, and refused to withdraw its troops. Germany and the Netherlands accused Britain of being untrustworthy and reached a secret agreement with the Republic of South Africa. Ten thousand German and Dutch coalition forces refused to jointly oppose the entry of the Republic of South Africa from the German West African colony. Behind the two South African governments were both powerful and powerful, which led to the continued division of South Africa's territory and nation. Soon, the exchange of transportation, telecommunications and personnel and materials on both sides of the 33rd Line were cut off, and the situation became tense. Military conflicts often broke out near the 33rd Line.

The incident of the German and Dutch coalition forces bypassing the League of Nations and the United Nations** into the Republic of South Africa made the great powers of all countries, including the Chinese Empire. The League of Nations led by the Chinese Empire immediately filed a solemn protest to Germany and the Netherlands, but the protest seemed to have no effect.

After the establishment of the Republic of South Africa and the Republic of South Africa, Germany and the Netherlands continued to export advanced weapons and equipment to the Republic of South Africa. Germany even sent professional military advisers to help train the Republic of South Africa. By September 1926, the Republic of South Africa had reached 200,000 and equipped with advanced weapons and equipment left over from Germany after World War I. This was also the first time after the war, Germany exported German weapons and equipment to foreign countries.

Similarly, the United Kingdom also exported advanced weapons and equipment on a large scale to the Republic of South Africa, handing over the most advanced aircraft, tanks, cannons and other weapons in service to the South African National Army, and also helped train the South African National Army, so that it reached 120,000 people in September 1926.

Through their open support for the Republic of South Africa and the Republic of South Africa, the United Kingdom, Germany and the Netherlands have obtained huge promises of interests from two South African countries, which naturally harmed the interests of dozens of League of Nations member states, including the Chinese Empire.

To this end, the Chinese Empire immediately convened a Union Congress that excluded Britain, Germany and the Netherlands to discuss strategies to deal with the three ungrateful countries. France and Italy and other countries firmly supported the joint ** sending troops to the Republic of South Africa to destroy the South African regime supported by the two ungrateful countries, the Netherlands and Germany, and received support from many countries.

Because the problems are very difficult, the Chinese Empire needs to re-discuss and evaluate the risks of war and the gains and losses of post-war interests. Therefore, the Chinese Empire Congress held a discussion meeting for half a month.

During this period, the Irish War came to an end in the British backyard and the Irish War.

In order to focus on the South African issue, the UK made a compromise policy to Ireland. The reason is very simple. Ireland is just an agricultural region and has little impact on the British national strength. South Africa is different. The UK needs to use South African gold to restore the British economy, which is of great importance. Therefore, after weighing the pros and cons, the UK decided to negotiate with Ireland.

Military conflicts in the south were roughly over after Britain and Ireland signed a ceasefire agreement in early May, but fighting in the north continued until September.

In addition, although Congress accepted the British-Iran Treaty in January 1926, ensuring that Northern Ireland still exists in the future, there were sporadic conflicts between the Republican Army and the British troops on the new border since the first half of 1926. This part reflects Michael Collins' view on the treaty, believing that it is just a strategy or a "stepping stone" rather than a final solution.

In retaliation, Michael Collins took 42 royalists hostages in Firmana and Tyrone in Delhi County.

Tel was ambushed in Crons, South, and four people were beaten to death. Despite a border investigation team set up in late February to mediate in centralized mediation, three British battalions were still attacked by Republicans in March. All of these operations were bloody retaliation in Belfast. Winston Churchill arranged a meeting between Collins and James Craig on January 21, 1926. The boycott of Belfast goods was lifted, but it was carried out again a few weeks later. The two leaders had several more in-depth meetings, but the violence continued in addition to the joint declaration of "declaration of peace" on March 30.

From April to June, Collins launched a secret guerrilla offensive against Northern Ireland. At that time, the Republican Army had been divided on the British-Iran Treaty, but groups supporting and opposing the treaty participated in the operation. The weapons sent by Britain to arm the new Irish Army were actually sent to the Republican units, and their weapons were sent to the north. However, the offensive, which began with a series of attacks launched by the Republican Army in the north from May 17 to 19, turned out to be a failure. On May 22, after the assassination of the United Nations politician William Twodel, 350 Republicans were arrested in Belfast, crippling the local organization. The biggest conflict occurred in June, when the British had to use artillery to expel a Republican army from the village of Pettigo.

The violent cycle of sectarian conflict against civilians continued until June. On June 17, Frank Aiken's Republican unit killed six Protestant civilians in Altnaway, South Ama County in order to retaliate against the killing of two Catholics.

Michael Collins believed that British general Henry Hugh Wilson was responsible for the North's attacks on Catholics and assassinated him in 1926. This incident inadvertently triggered the Southern Irish Civil War.

After Collins' death, the new Irish Free State quietly suspended its offensive policy on Northern Ireland. In the later Northern Ireland region, a total of 1,557 people died in political violence. Among them, 1,303 Catholics, 172 Protestants, and 82 members of the police coroner or British army. Belfast became the main battlefield, with 457 people dying here. Catholic nationalists argued that the violence was a massacre against the Catholic community, with Catholics accounting for the majority of the victims, which was disproportionate to 35% of the Catholic population in Northern Ireland.

The British-Illinois War has evolved into a war between Catholicism and Protestantism, and its scale has been continuously reduced, making it easy to carry out political negotiations between British and Illinois.

Until July 11, fierce power seizures within Ireland forced the Irish government to reach a ceasefire agreement with Northern Ireland. In this way, the UK was also eager to reconcile with Ireland, so the British-Iran supplementary treaty was soon issued, and Ireland and Northern Ireland achieved a ceasefire. The UK recognized Ireland's ** and Ireland allowed Northern Ireland to remain in the Commonwealth.

On the 22nd, the results of the Northern Ireland election showed that Northern Ireland was willing to stay in the Commonwealth, so North and South Ireland signed a peace treaty, and the Irish civil war ended.

Britain settled Ireland, so it focused on South Africa, constantly increasing troops to the Republic of South Africa, and ignored opposition from the League of Nations.

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"Have you discussed the countermeasures?"

In the imperial study room, Wang Chenhao called Tang Shaoyi to ask the Congress whether there were any results on how the United Nations should act in South Africa.

"Your Majesty!" Tang Shaoyi replied: "The House of Representatives just reached an agreement on this issue, and the bill finally decided to take action against the Republic of South Africa."

"What?" Wang Chenhao was surprised when he heard that the House of Representatives decided that the plan was to support the Republic of South Africa with only one province but not the Republic of China with three provinces. Because in Wang Chenhao's calculations, taking action against the Republic of South Africa would offend local citizens and be detrimental to the Chinese Empire to import local capital in the future. At the same time, it was obvious that it would be much easier to fight the Republic of South Africa with only one province and one Britain-supported Republic of South Africa than the Republic of South Africa with three provinces with two countries, Germany and the Netherlands.

"Your Majesty, please listen to my explanation!" Tang Shaoyi quickly explained: "The House of Representatives began to believe that as long as the United Nations and North and South Governments stabilized the two governments in South Africa and put them in a split-level situation. In this way, the South African civil war will continue forever, and the United Nations will have an excuse to stay there forever, so as to achieve the goal of controlling South Africa. Although splitting South Africa can achieve the goal of expelling British forces, your Majesty, think about it, South Africa's gold and diamond mines are all in the hands of the northern government, and are basically controlled by British descendants. Now they are in a squabbling relationship with Germany and the Netherlands, and they will not be able to take the initiative to give up their shares and mines to the empire."

Wang Chenhao asked, "What do you mean?"

Tang Shaoyi smiled and said, "Your Majesty, although we cannot directly 'communist' South Africa like the Soviet Union, once the war is pushed into the three northern provinces, we will directly eliminate the local capitalists and then seize their mines."

Wang Chenhao asked worriedly: "With that being said, it is probably inappropriate to seize their mines like this! Germany and the Netherlands are stronger than Britain, so we should bully the weak."

"Your Majesty, don't worry!" Tang Shaoyi smiled and explained: "Isn't there a joint **? Since all countries have a share, as long as they get a share of the pie, international public opinion will not be able to rise up. Germany and the Netherlands should not dare to directly confront the joint **, because the empire controls the economic lifeline of Germany, and the Netherlands has weak national strength. As long as Germany is settled, the Netherlands will not be able to cause storms."

Wang Chenhao nodded, feeling it made sense, so he said, "So what should I do in the UK? We occupy the three northern provinces and occupy the gold and diamond deposits. The British will definitely not give up."

Tang Shaoyi said: "Your Majesty doesn't have to worry about this! Didn't the House of Representatives decide to let the United ** attack the three northern provinces? This is equivalent to fulfilling the wishes of the British. We will help the British regain the three northern provinces, so that all the infamy will be borne by the British."

Wang Chenhao understood what Tang Shaoyi meant, so he said with peace of mind: "It's good to let the British take the blame, as this can aggravate the conflict between Britain and Germany."

Wang Chenhao agreed to the House of Representatives' proposal, and soon the Senate discussed the proposal and passed it soon.

After receiving instructions from the General Staff, Cai E immediately ordered the United Nations to be alert to the north and prepared to launch an attack on the South African Republic Army.

Cai E conveyed the position of the Chinese Empire to the British Cape Town executive Keloske. After learning that the United Nations would launch an attack on the three northern provinces, Keloske was immediately overjoyed and quickly praised the Chinese Empire as a friend of Britain and was grateful.

Keloske naturally did not know the true purpose of the Chinese Empire. In order to express his gratitude, Keloske promised to be responsible for the supply of all materials to the United Nations.

However, before the joint operation, some excuses for sending troops on the 33rd line were needed. For this reason, Keloske agreed to help. Keloske then instructed the South African National Army to take the initiative to provoke the South African Republic Army, and the two sides soon broke out in fierce military conflicts near the 33rd line.

On December 3, 1926, the South African National Army and the South African Republic Army broke out in Aberdeen on the 3rd and 3rd line. On the same day, the League of Nations accused the South African Republic of China of provoking war and announced military sanctions against the South African Republic.

The next day, Cai E commanded the United Nations to land in Durban, and the three navy, army and air forces launched an attack on the South African Republican Army, and the South African War broke out.


Chapter completed!