Under the moonlight, Wang Qingxiu smiled, listening to her brother say these words that she did not understand. Wang Qingxiu did not understand the national affairs, and she did not know what was bothering her brother. But listening to her brother's words and watching him become more relaxed, she

I also feel extremely happy.

In Wang Xiaolie's previous life, he learned a lot of knowledge and formed many fixed opinions. These fixed opinions regulated and constrained him, making him cautious in doing things. Every decision he made must be compared with the dogma in his memory.

However, in reality, many things were inconsistent with the dogma, which troubled him endlessly. Recently, he finally figured out that the reason why the dogma became a dogma was because of himself. Those things were originally knowledge, but he did not understand it thoroughly, so it became a dogma.

When these dogmas are broken down, suddenly everything becomes clear.

The most common way is to divide human society into primitive society, slave society, feudal society, capitalist society and socialist society, and it is deduced from this that it will eventually transition to communist society. In fact, it can be so clearly distinguished,

It is only in Europe and not obvious in other places. When Marx analyzed it, he also said that it was only based on the situation in Europe, the Middle East, India and other places. I don’t know whether this is the case in the far East, mainly China. Later it became dogma, and many

People believe that capitalism will be developed in ancient China. Some people even think that as long as China enters capitalism first, it will be ahead of the world. Even history textbooks will specifically list that capitalism has already sprouted in the late Ming Dynasty.

This shows that China is not backward. Some people even believe that capitalists sprouted in the Song Dynasty.

What is the sprout of capitalism? Who stipulated that China must adopt capitalism? Who said that the emergence of the sprout of capitalism indicates social progress and civilization development? Which historical fact shows that the country that entered capitalism first will lead the world.

?

This kind of knowledge is so abundant that it has even become an inherent impression. If someone questions it, a bunch of people will laugh at you.

Are there any objective laws in human society? There should be. Can these laws be summarized into such a formula? Probably not. For a leader who dominates one party, such thoughts are harmful.

Much of the academic system of past life studies is artificially constructed based on ideology or political reasons. This system can be used to unify ideas and unite forces, but it cannot guide the past. In other words, it cannot be because the Industrial Revolution happened first in Europe.

, they believe that human society must develop like Europe. Even if the industrial revolution does not occur in Europe and cannot occur elsewhere, we cannot think so. Because if you change China to be like Europe, the most likely possibility is that the industrial revolution will not occur.

Human society has developed through exchanges, learning, and even struggles between countries. You discovered this knowledge, invented that knowledge, and it is a normal phenomenon for human beings not to discover or invent it yourself. The most important thing is to actively learn,

And be good at learning. China does not need the industrial revolution to happen in its own country. As long as it actively learns and is good at learning after the industrial revolution occurs, it is enough.

The real world, whether it is the natural world or human society, is the same. When humans understand the world, the laws they summarize will never be consistent with the real world. If they are consistent, man will be a god, and the country will be the kingdom of God on earth. Man

People's thoughts are all kinds of weird. It's not surprising that they are unified on one thing but not unified on another thing. But just because people's thoughts are all kinds of weird, it doesn't mean that human society can be anything. Although thoughts cannot be unified, they can be

There is a mainstream.

The greatest wealth left to Wang Xiaolie in his previous life is that the government must serve the people and look at problems from the people's standpoint. Rather than this idea or that doctrine, those are of little use. From the people's standpoint, it directly changed the traditional Chinese destiny.

See, this is revolutionary. If we think of the previous concept of destiny where kings were given by heaven, the emperor is heaven. Then the new China with the people as the source of power is the earth, which will turn the world upside down.

From this perspective, we can understand the greatness of the teachers who founded New China. When future generations comment on the teachers, the vast majority of comments, whether they are supportive or opposed, are tantamount to the light of a firefly competing for the brightness of the bright moon. Regardless of their stance

There are very few people who can truly be on the same level as the teachers, both physically and theoretically. From beginning to end, they adhere to the ideal of saving the country and the people and stand on the same front as the people.

Did the teachers make any mistakes? Of course they did. The party’s decision stated that 30 to 70 should be split. This mistake is a leftist mistake rather than a mistake in the understanding of theory and human nature. As we all know, teachers believe that human nature is one yuan and that there is a one yuan society.

Many policies after the founding of the People's Republic of China came from this understanding of human nature. Even teachers who ideologically agreed with Legalism and reversed the case of Qin Shihuang and Cao Cao may have something to do with this. And Wang Xiaolie now understands that the use of people

It is definitely wrong to define human nature based on the understanding formed by the teacher. It is precisely because the teacher made mistakes that the subsequent reforms were correct. What kind of changes are correct? We must stand from the standpoint of the people and

Explore in practice.

Without a clear understanding of human nature, it is not enough to talk about political theory. This is why China has believed that human nature is inherently good and human nature is evil since the pre-Qin Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, temperament debates were held and various schools were formed.

No civilization can skip this stage. After Europe and the United States entered modern society, there were also discussions on human nature, but in different forms. For example, gender debates, women's rights, and the liberation of human nature, this must be experienced. As for China

Many people join in the fun, and even think that it is a manifestation of advanced ideas. It can only be said that people who follow the trend have always existed, and there is nothing strange about it. It is just that in China, it will definitely show up in different forms and results. As China develops, there will be

Dissipate naturally.

Can people understand the real world? Of course they can. Can people fully understand the real world? Probably not. The Chinese people don’t care about this. They believe that there is heaven and that heaven and man can eventually become one. Europeans do not care about this.

It is about building a world that is completely consistent with the laws summarized from existing knowledge, that is, a rational world.

Natural scientists have a clearer understanding of this. Some people will be confused, some will think that there is a god, and some will think that all our knowledge is wrong. Although some people will point out that the god that scientists think of is not in the usual sense.

God is actually not very useful. The core is still the belief that there is a special being who has completely understood the world. Sociologists, on the other hand, feel that they have already understood the real world. Furthermore, some people think that they have summarized the theory from this.

, or the law, is completely correct. This kind of thinking is too arrogant. Even if everything is in front of you, you may not be able to understand the real human world.

It is an important step to know that you have not fully understood the world, and that all doctrines and laws are not enough to rely on. If you do not know it, and you even take a sentence from one thing or another, and argue with others to get contented with it, it is even more unsatisfactory.

Many philosophers, because they have studied European philosophy, will say that the reason why China cannot produce science is because the Chinese people do not have a rational world in their thinking. Some even say that this rational world is the other side of freedom of thought. They cannot recognize this other side.

, illustrates the backwardness of ideology and culture. Why China did not produce science and why the Industrial Revolution did not happen in China. Too many people have put forward too many theories. Most of these theories seem very reasonable, but they are of little use.

This is the fact. Post-analysis is useful and allows latecomers to absorb the advantages of others. But the purpose is not to copy others and criticize them.

Europeans have a universal sentiment, or a missionary mentality. They always feel that if they are better than others, others will be like me and learn everything from me. That is European culture and has nothing to do with other people. The world has never been like this.

. Human development, from tribes to countries, and then to national groups, develops step by step. No one knows what will happen in the future. But when there are many countries, we must use the country as the benchmark and firmly guard the boundaries of the country. Especially

This is all the more true because China has no universal sentiments.

The ideal society that Lao Tzu believes in is one in which chickens and dogs hear each other and do not interact with each other until old age and death. Later generations said that this was Lao Tzu's limitation. In short, it was a conclusion drawn by Lao Tzu based on the social reality at that time. In the society of later generations, human beings are more and more united.

Of course, it cannot be like this if we are getting closer and closer. There is no need to criticize Lao Tzu in this way. Who knows what will happen in the end as human beings develop?

Human beings are really like children in their understanding of the world. In the field of natural sciences, right and wrong are relatively obvious, and scientists can see it more clearly. This is not the case in the field of social sciences. Many people think that the world is here, visible and tangible.

, there is nothing that you cannot know. Once you have summarized the rules, or even formed thoughts and doctrines, you will feel that this is the truth of the world and is absolutely correct. From this, the description of the past and future of mankind must be correct.

.Many times this view is as stubborn as religion.

It can be said that as long as one thinks that one's understanding is absolutely correct, it must be incorrect. Human beings' understanding of nature and society must be in such a state. It is clear that knowledge and research must not be absolutely correct, but relatively correct.

.At the same time, you must also believe that your understanding and research have practical significance and are correct at a certain stage. Absolute correctness and relative correctness must be clearly separated.

Chinese philosophy divides the world into yin and yang, and later generations developed the theory of contradiction. These studies are meaningful, but we cannot just think that this is the reality of the world. Only by knowing that this is not the reality of the world and being able to use these theories skillfully can we

is the correct approach.

Wang Xiaolie looked at the bright moon slowly rising in the sky, with mixed feelings in his heart. These understandings are actually very simple to say, but it is not easy to realize them clearly. If you tell others, they may think that you

It's crazy.

Facing the complex world, we often say that we must summarize simple rules from this complexity. Use these simple rules to understand the world and solve real problems. But in fact, can simple rules explain the complex world?

In fact, it is impossible. But is there any meaning in summarizing simple rules? Of course it is meaningful. But for most people, the above cannot be explained clearly.

Knowing that what you are doing is wrong, but also knowing clearly that what you are doing is meaningful and meaningful, makes people crazy. Finally, when you come out of this, you can not only jump out to see the problem, but also deal with practical affairs. It is really a bit confusing.

Disaster.

After taking a sip of wine, Wang Xiaolie said to his sister: "In this world, it is easy to live, but it is difficult to live clearly. If my father had not come to work for Wang Jun, I would have been guarding this hometown, and many things would not have been possible.

I won’t think about living a simple and happy life. My father raised an army and unfortunately died on the battlefield. It’s not that simple for me to lead this army. I have to think about many things that others don’t have to think about. Many things that others don’t even have to think about.

I have to pay attention to things that I know how to pay attention to. Hey, I have been worrying about it for nearly a year, and I finally figured it out recently. I hope I won’t worry about it anymore.”

We don't need to think about many things if we don't face them. Even if we think about it in our spare time, we won't pursue the right. But when things come to pass, we can't be so hasty. If it's just a casual chat, how can you save the world from crisis in ancient times? Many people

They can all talk freely and come up with endless solutions. Many people think that if they say a few words and raise their hands, all crises will disappear. But in ancient times, they will find that most of them are useless. If you want to solve problems,

You must be down-to-earth and do it seriously.

Just like when China faced the crisis of national annihilation, many people with lofty ideals sacrificed their lives and blood to save the country and the people. For a long time, teachers could not convince others and could not get support. On the contrary, Wang Ming and others who returned from the Soviet Union
Chapter completed!