Chapter 221 Epoch-making

In 1735, Claudius Amirander accidentally performed the first recorded appendectomy while repairing an inguinal hernia on an 11-year-old boy in London.

The first relatively recognized active appendectomy in medical history occurred in the United States in October 1887.

After that, appendectomy surgery grew rapidly, especially in the United States.

In 1898, American doctor Charles McBurney even reported 71 consecutive appendectomies without death at one time.

But at the same time, the overall mortality rate reported in the West for appendicitis surgery is 40%, while that without surgery is 26%.

As for why the West is so obsessed with surgery even though the mortality rate is higher, it is mainly because there are too many cases of this disease and too many deaths, and people are more inclined to actively intervene rather than passively wait to die.

According to statistics, in 1936, when surgery was already well-established, the total number of deaths from appendicitis in the United States (including surgical and non-surgical cases) still reached 20,000.

More importantly, the high mortality rate of appendicitis surgery is mainly in the early stage of surgery. With the advancement of technology, the mortality rate of appendicitis surgery has been decreasing.

Especially with the deepening of the understanding of the pathophysiology of peritonitis, the application of fluid replacement therapy and the combined effect of surgery on contaminated abdominal cavity, the overall mortality rate of appendicitis was as low as 2.1% by the 1930s.

However, by 1940, the mortality rate began to rise again to an astonishing 10%.

Then in the 1940s, with the invention of penicillin and sulfa drugs and their use in the treatment of perforated appendicitis, the mortality rate began to drop dramatically to 1.2%.

In other words, Li Ping advanced the active appendectomy more than 200 years without antibiotics. The risk was still quite high, and it was not much better than guessing a simple head or tail.

Both he and Xu Keran are in great need of good luck.

However, convincing patients is easier than imagined.

Although Li Ping truthfully told Xu Keran the general details of the operation and the high possibility of failure, Xu Keran grabbed Li Ping's hand without any hesitation and said: "General, I am willing to give it a try. I can establish a written record to show it to the world.

Everything was requested voluntarily and strongly by me, and I shall bear all the consequences personally."

This choice is actually not surprising.

In the face of life and death, Xu Keran, a traveling businessman, is obviously more open-minded and more willing to take a chance.

And since the patient himself does not object, everything will be easier to handle.

Soon, Xu Keran's residence was secretly sealed off, and the operation would be performed directly at his residence.

During Xu Keran's illness, the five merchant ships did not wait in Fuchi. Instead, after unloading the goods Li Ping needed, they continued to the planned next stop of Qizhou. Only the ship's doctor and a few Xu Keran were left in Fuchi.

servants to care for.

This provides great convenience for the blockade and also ensures that if the operation is unsuccessful, it will always remain a secret.

This is exactly what Li Ping said, considering that he planned to block everything first.

Gao Lei arrived soon after.

Gao Lei did not raise any objections to what Li Ping had decided. She just started her preparations as a doctor. Although she did not perform the surgery, she still insisted on participating in the whole process due to a severe lack of rest.

Song Baolai and Zhao Lanyue also rushed over quickly, but they could only wait quietly in another room next to Li Ping.

Seeing that Li Ping kept his head down and only smoked without talking, Zhao Lanyue broke the silence and said: "Don't blame Sister Gao. She is originally a doctor. It is not only her original professional requirement and professional habit that she cannot perform surgery without meeting the conditions."

The professional ethics that a regular doctor should possess.”

Li Ping raised his head in surprise and was stunned for a moment before saying: "I don't blame her, she is very good."

"It's just a little conservative." Song Baolai suddenly interrupted.

Zhao Lanyue's eyes instantly rounded up. She turned around and stared at Song Bao angrily and said, "If you don't speak, no one will think you are mute."

But this time, Song Baolai was a little surprised and unwilling to be outdone and whispered: "I'm just telling the truth."

"You..." Zhao Lanyue felt a little angry for a moment.

Seeing that the situation was not right, Li Ping hurriedly said: "She is right to be conservative. The chances of survival with early surgery and without surgery are almost the same. It is most appropriate for us to intervene at the last moment, otherwise we may have good intentions and do bad things. And the current surgery

The biggest contributor is her. I heard that she has only slept for a few hours these days, which is really hard and not easy."

"You know! Let me tell you, Sister Gao has really worked hard. You are the starting point for many of her problems. You must appreciate it." Zhao Lanyue's face began to cloud up.

"I know, I know." Li Ping replied somewhat mechanically. But after taking a puff of cigarette, he stopped talking, as if his mind was not here.

The scene was a little quiet for a while.

Just when Zhao Lanyue opened her mouth in depression and was about to say something more, Song Baolai suddenly took a deep breath of cigarette and frowned and asked Li Ping: "Do you think Zhang Xianzhong plans to attack Wuchang or us? If he comes to attack us, we can stop him."

Do you want to stay?"

Regarding military issues, Song Baolai had not taken the initiative to ask for a long time, but the current tense situation and the right opportunity finally made him unable to bear it anymore.

Li Ping was about to answer when Zhao Lanyue fanned the cigarette with her hand and said dissatisfiedly: "So what if you can't block it? If you can't fight, just fight. If you can't, just run away! What are you worrying about? Besides, the peasant army."

We don’t have ships, but we have ships, and Li Ping has gathered many non-combat ships at the docks in Fuchi Town and Wujiaba, are you still afraid that you won’t be able to escape?”

But this time, Song Baolai did not confront Zhao Lanyue.

Instead, he took another deep puff of cigarette and said dullly: "I'm not worried about safety, I trust Brother Li. I'm just, hey! If we have to leave, all the things we have built will be in vain! This is terrible.

It’s all our hard work!”

"A man can take things and put them down, so what if the situation is not going well? If you keep the green hills, you won't have to worry about running out of firewood!"

Besides, how can you do it for nothing?

Our construction itself is our greatest wealth. Without the construction experience in Xiangyang, we would not be in the situation we are in Fuchi today. And we have all left Xiangyang, why are you reluctant to part with this little Fuchi? You

Do you still plan to stay in this small place for the rest of your life?" Zhao Lanyue said sarcastically.

Li Ping was stunned.

Unexpectedly, Zhao Lanyue knew his military deployment very well. At the same time, he praised Zhao Lanyue for seeing clearly and freely, and his heart suddenly became enlightened.

Then his face relaxed and he smiled and said: "Miss Zhao is right. Even if the defense line of Daye and Yuanhu cannot be defended, we still have Fushui that can be temporarily blocked. The staff office has a plan in this regard.

It can guarantee that we can evacuate most of the people safely. And as long as people are there, the new things will only get better and better, and we won’t lose anything.”

"Have you even made a plan to run away? Are you really unstoppable?" Song Baolai was stunned.

This guy's focus is very speechless.

Zhao Lanyue also rubbed her forehead with a dizzy look on her face and stopped making any harsh words.

Li Ping had no choice but to console himself: "That's just a plan, it doesn't mean anything. That's what war is like. We have to be prepared to win as well as to lose, so that we can advance and retreat with a well-founded basis and not panic or panic."

You don't have to worry too much. It's not that easy for Zhang Xianzhong to break through the defense line of Daye and Yuanhu, and the later he attacks, the stronger our defense line will be."

"How to say?"

Song Baolai actually pursued him and asked. It seemed that he really cared too much.

Li Ping had no choice but to explain in detail to Song Baolai. Zhao Lanyue rolled her eyes and bit her fingers.

…

The operation went faster than expected. Within an hour, Gao Lei, who had taken off her white surgical clothes, suddenly pushed open the door and entered.

But just when Gao Lei wanted to speak, he was choked by the smoke in the room and coughed violently.

After fanning himself a few times and finally stopping his coughing, Gao Lei stood at the door very dissatisfied and said, "Can you smoke less? What is wrong with this businessman? He insists on bringing you tobacco leaves. It's really harmful!"

Li Ping put out his cigarette with some embarrassment and said anxiously: "Is the operation over? How was it?"

"The operation was successful, but it all depends on the patient's luck later. Lan Yue, how can you bear it? This can kill someone!" After saying that, Gao Lei turned around to the middle of the yard and took a deep breath of fresh air.

.

At this time, it was natural that several people in the room could no longer sit still, and they all rushed out of the room.

After briefly taking a look at Xu Keran who was looking good and telling him to take a good rest, Li Ping bit the bullet and found Gao Lei.

He wanted to talk to her about something serious.

"We need anatomy. Now is a war period. There are enough fresh corpses. It is the best time to establish and develop anatomy." Li Ping said seriously.

This operation gave Li Ping too much inspiration, and it was also something he had been thinking about just now.

Although he does not understand professional medical knowledge, Li Ping also knows that anatomy is the basis of modern medicine.

Gao Lei is not omnipotent, and her professional field is even very narrow.

If Li Ping wanted the level of medical care, especially the level of surgical medicine closely related to war, to achieve a systematic leap forward and comprehensive flowering self-sustaining progress, he must establish and develop anatomy.

Otherwise, their existing medical capabilities will be abnormal and they will not have the ability to develop themselves.

Just like ancient China, it was often possible to lead the world by a large margin in a certain individual item. However, without the support of a scientific system, most of them were just simple summaries of experience and flashes of inspiration. In the end, they were always short-lived and could not reach a higher level.

building.

The appendicitis surgery that had just been completed was similar to this situation. Others were actually simply implementing Gao Lei's medical knowledge in a simple and mechanical way, that is, they knew it but didn't know why.

It is even difficult to draw inferences and draw parallels based on this operation.

Western medicine's ability to catch up and become dominant is actually inseparable from its rich anatomical foundation and historical accumulation.

Many people don’t know that the famous scholar Aristotle (384 BC to 322 BC) conducted a large number of animal dissections and proposed that the heart is the center of blood circulation. He also distinguished between tendons and nerves.

.

The famous Renaissance painter Leonardo da Vinci also dissected at least 30 corpses and left a wealth of manuscripts. Because he was so famous, the then Pope Leo X issued a ban on him, prohibiting him from dissecting corpses again.
To be continued...