Yulinwei is under the jurisdiction of Shaanxi Dusi Prefecture - we often see the two names Dusi Prefecture or Xingdusi Prefecture. For example, here in Shaanxi, there are both Shaanxi Dusi Prefecture and Shaanxi Xingdusi Prefecture.

What is the difference between the two?

Actually there is not much difference.

The Ming Dynasty had three sets of teams to manage provincial areas: the Chengxuanzhengshi Department was an administrative agency, in charge of civil affairs, and the chief was called the Chief Minister. Later, it was gradually reorganized and called the governor.

The Du Commander's Office is a military organization, and the chief is called the Du Commander's Office. The Du Commander's Office can be understood as a provincial-level military division, and the full name of "province" is "Xing Zhongshu Province". However, during the Hongwu period, it evolved from "Du Wei"

The Dusi Mansion was established in response to the military defense needs of the time. With the expansion of territory, some local areas became very large. For example, Shaanxi's jurisdiction was not the area it is today. It included a large part of Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan.

The Shaanxi Dusi Mansion located in Xi'an could not manage it at all. So the Shaanxi Xingdu Si was established in Ganzhou (today's Zhangye, Gansu Province) to conduct military management and command nearby (the distance between the two places is about 2,650 miles via the official road)

In short, to put it simply: if the military management agency and the administrative management agency are in the same place, they will be managed by a Dusi Prefecture. If they are not in the same place and the area is very large, an additional Dusi Prefecture will be added to supplement them, with the same administrative level.

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Whether it is the Dusi or the Xingdusi, the downward administrative jurisdiction units are: Wei, Qianhusuo, and Hundreds of Households. This system is called the Weisuo system.

Dusi Prefecture or Xingdusi Prefecture is a provincial military division. The guards are similar to division-level units (such as Tianjin Guards, Weihai Guards, Jinshan Guards, etc.). The organization is called the So-and-So Guards Commander Division, and the commander is called the Commander (Division Commander).

), the third rank, commanding two Tongzhi (deputy division commanders), the third rank, commanding four people (the next lower level), the fourth rank, two Wei Zhenfu (deputy regimental military police battalion commander), the fifth rank

Theoretically, each guard has 5,600 people. Note that this refers to the number of sergeants. In other words, based on the calculation of one den per household, each guard has 5,600 military households - women, old people and children are not counted as persons. They are called "kou".

". "Ding" refers to an adult male with the ability to work. The age standards of each dynasty are different, ranging from 15 to 60 years old. "Kou", as the name suggests, means a free man. In the imperial household registration book, Ding is Ding,

The mouth is the mouth. The guard is divided into five thousand-household positions: front, back, left, right, and middle.

At first, there were two types of Senhusuo, namely the Beiyu Senhusuo and the Shouqianhusuo. The former was subordinate to the Wei, while the latter was under the direct jurisdiction of the Dusi Prefecture. Later, they were all placed under the unified management of the Wei. Each Senhusuo

, there is one person in the chief thousand-household position, the fifth rank, two deputy thousand-household positions, in the fifth rank, and two deputy governors, in the sixth rank. Each thousand-household station has ten hundred-household stations under its jurisdiction, with a sergeant establishment of 1,120 people. Administration

The level can refer to today's regiment level, but this is only in theory - in fact, with the tradition of using civil servants to control military forces, let alone the fifth-level thousand households, even the third-level commanders can be easily abused by the seventh-level county magistrate.

(The Jinyiwei are the personal soldiers of the emperor, so this does not count.) Secondly, there are more than a thousand troops. In the middle and late stages, it will be very difficult for a thousand households to lead a team of more than a hundred people to fight.

Theoretically, each hundred-household office has 112 people (similar to a company), and the hundred-household office is the sixth rank. It has two general banners, with 56 people each. The person in charge is called the chief banner officer, the seventh rank. Each general banner has five

The leader of the Xiaoqi is called the Xiaoqi officer, starting from the seventh rank, and leads ten leading soldiers.

According to the idea of ​​the great ancestor Zhu Yuanzhang, who was unparalleled in intelligence (wealth) and intelligence (mystery), each guard station usually works in the fields to support itself, and no one wants to eat my food in vain. In wartime, it is ordered to attack and defend, put down the hoe and pick up the knife to feed.

I will kill the rebels! As for the combat effectiveness, how big the casualties of the "peasants and soldiers" will be... does it matter? Grandpa Taizu will not care about such things - at worst, he will give an order to the chief envoys of each province: Give me three children

If you have four or five fetuses, then let the Ministry of Civil Affairs conduct a merit examination and the Ministry of Civil Affairs will be included in the official assessment!

A thousand-year plan to prepare for a rainy day is yet to come: despite the fact that the Dusi Mansion is a military institution, during wartime, the imperial court will temporarily appoint generals to direct the battle, not the capital commander and the guard commander below, but

Civil servants, they are not necessarily the ones who actually lead the troops in the war, who is whom the court refers to! In order to prevent the recurrence of the tragedy of the separatist feudal towns in the Tang Dynasty that endangered the old Zhu family, the country, and the country, the wise Taizu made reference to the system architecture design of the Song Dynasty.

After putting together such a system.

Does this system work?

It works...

How strange!

Not to mention that before his butt was warmed by the dragon chair, his grandson Zhu Yunwen was severely beaten by his tough fourth uncle who mounted his horse to kill Tatars and dismounted his horse to kill hundreds of officials. His whereabouts were unknown. Just looking at the main business of the military management agency, which is responsible for farming, if it happened

In the last war, you were not required to be responsible for this kind of systemic flaw caused by a big congenital bug. Soon, the commanders of all the administrative divisions and the commanders of the guards turned hundreds of households into landlords of all levels, large, medium and small!

This is not a problem - Aristotle once said: There will always be evil Rakshasa, and if you are not careful, they will definitely hit you! Since war is unavoidable, we must also prevent temporarily designated generals from taking advantage of the opportunity.

What should we do to support our troops and respect ourselves? It’s easy: I’ll put an iron chain on you (oh, but I didn’t let you give birth to eight).

This iron chain is civil servants - civil servants are responsible for leading the army and being the commander. But... the problem comes again: civil servants don't know the soldiers! Moreover, the logistics work such as military pay, food, supplies and equipment are all left to these moral role models who are dedicated and dedicated.

If that doesn't make people feel at ease... then let's make another patch: Let the eunuchs supervise the army and be responsible for the supply of military supplies - they are the emperor's family, so don't worry!

The system was continuously upgraded and patched, and finally it became an invincible combination:

When there is a war, the imperial court temporarily appoints a civil servant such as the Minister of Rites as the commander-in-chief. The reason may be that his handwriting is good and the emperor likes to see it, or it may be that his name is auspicious (for example, it is called Desheng) and the emperor likes to hear it.

It may be that he is popular and everyone recommends him - of course, it may be that he is not popular and everyone recommends him more enthusiastically... He led the army out and read a few chapters of "The Art of War" by Sun Tzu (other books in "Seven Books") on the way.

No, they are all about specific management "techniques", not advanced enough) Even if you know how to defeat the enemy, then you can think hard for a while facing a map that looks like a landscape painting (sometimes there is not even this), and then with a finger, order the battle

Order: "General

I watched the sky last night, and there was a faint sword energy rising into the sky between the bullfights. This is a sign of great victory over the enemy! There must be no mistake, otherwise military law will be engaged!" As for whether the actual distance is 20 miles or 80 miles, is there a gap in between?

On the mountain, when the enemy army saw the prepared troops, would they cooperate with the master's strategic deployment and immediately cross the river, waiting to be attacked by half-crossing... The master doesn't care about that! Winning the battle is called strategizing and decisive victory. The divine plan of thousands of miles is reborn. Kong Ming is reincarnated, and the battle is lost.

Either those eunuchs are greedy for food, wages and supplies, or they are greedy idiots who are afraid of life and death and fear the enemy like tigers - aren't they just using pens to throw dirty water, scolding the streets and playing football? Who is afraid of whom? This is your main business expertise!

There is also a father-in-law with a sharp voice who is responsible for the military supply of the army. This father-in-law is most likely illiterate (in a patriarchal environment, no one is quite poor, and no one is willing to inflict such a knife on the child who is carrying on the family line).

Someone also needs to help the father-in-law with the accounts and keep records: how many people are in a certain camp, how much food and grass are needed, how much salt and vinegar are needed, flags, gold drums, swords, guns, bows and arrows, armor, horses, shovels, hammers, pickaxes, cloth bags, iron nails, hemp ropes, axes, saws, pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, horses, donkeys and dogs.

...how much has been reserved, how much has been consumed, and how much is still missing. How much has been allocated by the Ministry of Household Affairs, the Ministry of Industry, and the Ministry of War? Which state and county has supplied how much... Then they start to divide: one for him, one for me, one for me, one for you, one for me, one for me, and this

I want one more thing - being in charge of military supplies is the trust of the Holy One, and it is even more a fat job. Can the leader of the eunuchs who recommend him to the palace be unfilial? Can the second leader be unfilial? If he doesn't keep some for himself, it must be unjustifiable, right? The leader

Isn't it against the rules not to give it to the adults? In the palace, even if colleagues in the army cannot treat everyone equally, they all have to keep their mouths shut... As for issues such as what soldiers eat, drink, and fight with - is it important? We won the battle.

That is called working hard to live up to the grace of the Holy One. If he loses, the general will be greedy for life and fear death and run away! The wise and wise Holy One will never blame the defeat on the boy (or uncle) who empties his toilet.

It is also very likely that the mission of the illiterate general will be much simpler: Just follow the orders of the minister leading the army and kill people. If you can kill them, then rush all the way. If you capture them, you will make money. If you find that you may not be able to kill them, you will get them.

Let the guards attack their defeated troops behind the formation, letting them know that they will die anyway, and maybe they can really win. If that doesn't work, just run away - the real skill is here! Each unit will face the enemy together, you

It's best to wait and see for a while: if your side has the advantage, then attack decisively. The friendly troops have been exhausted after fighting the enemy for a long time. If you chase and defeat the enemy and grab the loot, you will definitely not be able to outrun you. You can often get a big advantage. It seems that this side cannot withstand it.

If there is a problem, you need to take the team away from the battlefield in time, and then retreat into the camp - there are soldiers in hand, and the court is still counting on you, so there is a high probability that you will be fine if you get scolded at most. Maybe even to appease you, you will be fine.

You will be praised and rewarded (there are quite a lot of this kind of thing)! Are you stupid and rush to the front? Your troops are exhausted. Even if you win, you won't get any benefits! Lose? Haha, there are no soldiers.

What use do you have? I just want to use your head to shirk responsibility and boost morale! Of course, if we win the battle, first of all, it should be thanks to the great blessings from the Holy One and the great virtue of heaven and earth. Secondly, it should be attributed to the leading ministers who use the troops like gods.

The third one is the strong protection provided by the angels who supervise the army. The last one is that the soldiers sacrifice their lives and get a big advantage if they are lucky...

There is such a big bug in the underlying source code of the system. No matter how many patches are applied, it goes without saying that the redundancy will collapse sooner or later. Therefore, in the middle and late stages, the only way is to redesign a system to maintain the operation of the project - this is the camp

Whistle system.

The camp sentry system recruits soldiers. The biggest difference from the garrison system - well, let alone the difference, they are completely unrelated things!

The first is military status. Guard soldiers are hereditary military households, and their descendants will serve as soldiers forever. Battalion sentries have civilian status. They can retire after serving and still return to civilian status.

Next is the establishment. The battalion sentry system is five people per team, the second team is the team, the third team is the team, the third team is the sentry, the fifth team is the general, and the fifth team is the battalion. The theoretical number of soldiers in each battalion is about 3,000.

The third is financial sources. In the camp and sentry system, the food and salary expenditures are borne by the national finance. In the guard system, they feed themselves. Well, later, when the generals became landlords, they were reluctant to use their "own" fields to support the soldiers of the "imperial court".

, and also began to talk to the national financial lion.

How exaggerated is it? There are three authoritative data on the number of acres in the Ming Dynasty, namely 3.8 million hectares recorded in "Taizu Shilu", more than 8.4 million hectares recorded in "Zhusi Zongzhang", and 8.4 million hectares recorded in Wanli Period.

7.1 million hectares. It seems to be a huge difference, but in fact, it is almost the same thing! The land area data recorded in "Taizu Records" and "Zhu Si Zhi Zhang" were both personally reviewed by Zhu Yuanzhang, and the time interval was less than a year.

If the result is really nearly twice as bad, with Lao Zhu’s temper, I don’t know how many more people will fall to the ground! Some people guess that it is the so-called big mu and small mu, which is wrong. In fact, Lao Zhu played a word game here: in "Records"

It records the area of ​​cultivated land in the two capitals and thirteen provinces. The data in "Zhizhang" include military settlements, while the Wanli data is the actual data found by Zhang Juzheng to hide and unreport and open up wasteland and cultivate land in various places. It does not include military settlements - half of it.

The farmland is under the name of the guard and does not need to pay land tax, but these soldiers cannot fight yet! The national finance only relies on taxes from half of the land ~ This is not all, each generation of the Holy Emperor is divided into clans, and the land property of the nobles is also paid.

It has to be transferred from here! After seeing this, everyone understands: Even Thanos can't help but bury the needle directly in the aorta to draw blood at any time!

If the Ming Dynasty does not die, the laws of heaven cannot tolerate it.

The fourth is the division of labor. The battalion sentry is responsible for fighting, and the guard soldiers are responsible for farming and farming. Even if the situation is really urgent and it is impossible to recruit people, and the guard soldiers are transferred to the battlefield to replenish their numbers, the organizational structure must first be changed to the camp sentry system.

The fifth difference is the division of labor among leaders. Although all commanders, commanders, guards, commanders, commanders, commanders, and magistrates all have military positions...but the guards and generals do not care about commanding operations - that is the business of the generals in the camp and sentry system!

The sixth difference is weapons and equipment. Most of the camp sentries have weapons. If you don’t count hoes, most of the guardsmen do not have weapons. Even if they do, they have been passed down for several generations, so it is not certain whether they can use them.

…

Forget it, let’s talk about the commonalities between the two military systems.

The first commonality is that they all look to the national finance for money and food (except for those years when the Ming Dynasty Company was chaired and crown by two ruthless men, Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Laosi).

The second commonality...well, there is no second commonality...

Let’s use an analogy. Chairman Lao Zhu, the founder of Daming Company, led his people to create a system. Everyone knows that the chairman is ruthless. If he says he is fired, he will be kicked out from dozens of floors and thrown to death. Everyone deserves it.

If you are cautious and don't dare to make mistakes, the system can still be maintained.

The descendants of the successors are less intelligent and timid than the previous generation. The descendants of the entrepreneurial veterans take advantage of the broken system to do private work for themselves. Not only do they use water and electricity for the office, but they also ask the company for wages and benefits, and they will cause trouble if they pay less.

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In order to keep the project running, the company's human resources department hired helpers to code and write programs, and finally built a new system. It was okay at first, but later these coders imitated the old people, and the new system also

It gradually gets stuck and freezes for a while...

Do you almost understand it?

As long as you understand it, let's continue - you will be confused again soon - you have written so much in a eloquent manner, and if you understand it all at once, the author will be at a loss!

The above-mentioned military positions are called permanent positions, which are usually hereditary, especially the commander/tongzhi/qianshi/qianbaihu, etc. of the Dusi Guard Station.

There is also a kind of dispatched military position, which is not hereditary and is considered a temporary assignment. In theory, you should complete the task and leave the post, and then go on to do whatever you want. Later, it was gradually changed to a long-term assignment... It can also be considered a compromise——
To be continued...