Chapter 1952 queen of air&darkness (4)

The Black Prince is said to have this nickname for two reasons.

One, because he often wears black armor.

Second, because he looted the Principality of Aquitaine and committed illegal military crimes, he was considered by the French to be evil-hearted, so he was called the "Black Prince".

Blackening is a common surface treatment that can ensure that iron products do not rust. The armor produced in Siena is blackened.

In 1330, Edward III overthrew the rule of his mother, Queen Isabella of France, and her lover Modemo, and took control of the real power. In 1328, the Capetian dynasty of France became extinct, and Edward III claimed that he was the grandson of Philip IV, the handsome king of France.

Asked to inherit the French throne. In 1346, he sent troops to France, and the 16-year-old Black Prince fought alongside his father. During this period, the famous Battle of Crecy took place. The French cavalry organized 15 charges, but they were all repelled by the longbowmen commanded by the Black Prince. The British army

Great victory. During the process of cleaning up the battlefield after the war, Edward III and his son discovered the body of John of Luxembourg, the old king of Bohemia, the French allied force. This man was blind, but he fought extremely bravely. The prince was moved by his spirit and removed the corpse.

He removed the feathers from his helmet and put them on his helmet, while using his motto "Ich dien" as his slogan.

This is German, meaning I serve, and later became the mantra of the Prince of Wales.

The current Prince of Wales is no longer suitable for wearing armor and riding on horseback to fight. Although he is only seven years older than Napoleon, he has relatively rich regency experience because George III's illness has been up and down. The French Trade Treaty with him

After watching it, his first reaction was that there was a conspiracy.

Napoleon could really be that confused, and be so confused for a woman.

Not only does Britain produce steel, Sweden also sells pure iron bars, and Antwerp is close to the Baltic Sea.

If we follow the British method of building canals, we need to dig the canal deeply so that ocean-going ships can sail in and reduce the additional costs of mid-way transshipment.

The French did the opposite. Lana sank many stones into the sea and artificially formed a reef. After building fortifications in Antwerp, deep-draft warships and merchant ships could not pass, and only flat-bottomed boats could pass. In this way,

The flat-bottomed cargo ships that come to Rouen for repairs can pass through. From a certain perspective, the French have a monopoly on Belgian inland shipping.

The ship review organization organized by Henry Petty is a commercial port that cannot be destroyed for military purposes. This organization can prevent the French from continuing to do this. Even if it is really impossible to stop them, they can use the excuse of building lighthouses and floating boats.

, to find out the location of those reefs.

Peace means that both sides can send spies to each other to find out the other side's situation, and businessmen are sometimes spies. There is a place called Surrey near London. When the Liverpool Canal Company was still blocking the construction of the railway, they had quietly succeeded.

The rails have been repaired.

Coal transportation is the main reason for building canals. Birmingham also has a canal passing through it, but Surrey is not a canal town. No one noticed it originally. It was a relatively closed town, using lime, chalk, flint, bleaching earth and

Agricultural products are on the market, and coal and fertilizer are on the market. However, laying railroad tracks has become popular in France. The businessman who originally wanted to show off his knowledge to the country bumpkins suddenly heard from the country man that they had already laid the tracks.

.

He didn't believe it at first, but when he got to the place he saw that it really existed. It was a public road and a transportation line for trade goods pulled by two horses, and it was approved by the parliament.

Ordinary railways, even those with iron sheets and wooden tracks, are only found in coal mining and metallurgical cities. Otherwise, they are related to canals like Liverpool. It is not necessarily a competitive relationship, but may also be to facilitate the connection between the city and the canal.

Steel used to be mainly used for weapons, knives and toys. Bolton, one of the founders of Soho Company, was a toy merchant. In the story of the Wizard of Oz, the Tin Woodman hopes to find his heart, the Scarecrow hopes to find his brain, and the Lion hopes to find his courage.

, and embarked on an adventure journey with Dorothy. Because the Tin Woodman often rusts, he needs to add oil for lubrication.

Roads paved with iron are not like machines and are placed indoors. Especially in England where it is rainy and rainy, iron can easily rust.

If the surface is just blackened like armor, the passing wheels and horse hooves will quickly wear off that protective film, and people also discovered other problems when observing the road in Surrey.

If the load is too large, the roadbed will collapse, and because the roadbed materials are different, the depth will be different. A railway that should be flat and reduce friction and bumps will become rugged.

There are also problems such as derailments and wheels. In short, it is unrealistic to build roads on a large scale with railways. The Carmarthen Railway Company has obtained the right to build a 16-mile railway from Llanelli to the mainland. In addition,

There's also Montmorry, Glamorgan, South Wales, and even Kingswood.

Not all woods meet naval standards. Yew, oak, poplar and American black locust are all good materials for making masts, but they are almost extinct in the forests of North Wales, although there were still dense trees there in the early 18th century.

With the expansion of British maritime hegemony, the forests on land are also decreasing, and the trees in the Royal Forest are also cut down. Using this kind of rails will not only facilitate transportation, but also connect the mines and forges scattered in the Royal Forest. This

What if it’s time to stop?

What a person can do and what a person is willing to do are two completely different things. For example, three people all lend 100 pounds, and one person does not want interest. If the 100 pounds is lent out after one year, the other 100 pounds will still be returned.

One person borrows 100 pounds at 10% interest and gets back 110 pounds. The third loan borrows 100 pounds at 5% interest every month and gets 160 pounds back a year. Most people will choose the last kind of loan.

But which one would a borrower choose?

The mining industry in France is probably like this. There are some professional miners who do not have land, and there are also some farmers who have land. They will go to the mines to work during the slack time, but they do not take their work seriously. After finishing the work in the mines, they still work in the mines.

They have to go back to their own homes to do their own farm work, which greatly affects the work efficiency of professional miners. Moreover, farmers can still make money from the land, which causes conflicts between workers.

Farmers sometimes are particularly short of money, but they would rather go to loan sharks to borrow money than mine owners who offer loans.

If France is the center of feudalism in Western Europe, the north is the center of the center. From the split of the Frankish Kingdom to the outbreak of the Great Revolution, the feudal system was adopted.

The clause for lending industrial products is somewhat similar to a tax rebate. It encourages bankers to lend to industries in France. If the subsidy is provided by taxes, then all taxpayers will foot the bill. If the subsidy is provided by the British, they will not have to bear this part.

Lost.

Would it be that simple?

Not only France, but also British joint-stock companies are illegal, and this was caused by the "South China Sea Bubble". At that time, Newton lost a lot of money, and others went bankrupt. After the South China Sea incident, the United Kingdom promulgated the Bubble Act, which required the establishment of a company.

Special authorization must be obtained, either by an Act of Parliament or by a charter from the King, which prohibits the establishment of an association such as a corporate entity without the authorization of Parliament or the King.

Bank loans require collateral. If there is no collateral, then the loan model of the wool textile industry must be followed. The bank must see a factory within 1.5 miles. If there is no factory, no loan will be given.

Financing is difficult and business is difficult to do. France's provision of loans can be said to solve the urgent need.

Just disrupting the market?

Based on Georgiana's understanding of Bonaparte, he valued knowledge more, and the most direct way to realize knowledge was through patents. If the British factory went bankrupt, the patent would be sold to him, so that France could save money on research and development.

Loans to British companies are definitely not free, they require charters and the like, and then the banker purchases them according to his intentions. John Wilkinson, the factory owner who sent a British landscape painting to Georgiana, had

Patented hydraulic blower, which can improve the quality of iron products while increasing output.

What's more, iron is not like pure gold. The purer the better, you need to add rich minerals and trace elements. There is a kind of "bubble steel", which is to put hot steel on charcoal and let it carburize, making the surface hardness and resistance of the iron.

The wearability is improved, while the toughness and plasticity of low carbon steel are still retained in the middle.

The alchemist's laboratory is not necessarily a chemical experiment. Georgiana also drew a curve, which is a curve of the hardness and toughness of metal caused by the high temperature generated by magic.

She didn't pay attention to it and now she regrets it.

If there was no "goddess space" in Britain, she would not exist. This is also a kind of paradox, but this paradox is different from the paradox of time travel. She herself can't figure out what she is doing.

She suddenly realized that she did not understand the world well enough. Except for what Lyle Meyer said, people in this world neither really lived nor died.

Compared with industry, agriculture is what she is good at. Investors now want to invest, but the volatility of shipping is daunting. Just like the British canal, it is not always profitable, unless it is as busy as Liverpool.

Loans to farmers are very safe. They don't need to turn to loan sharks when they are short of money. Similarly, interest eaters also have interest income, but the interest rates must be controlled well, otherwise it will become a state loan shark.

There is a proverb that wealth comes back four generations. A failed investment sometimes leads to loss faster than squandering, so spending money is a technical job. Many truly rich people find it difficult to spend money. For people at the bottom, making money

It is much more difficult than spending money. They agree that making money is difficult and spending money is fast.

Napoleon believed that the best defense was offense. Instead of racking his brains to perfect the "Corn Law" for "defense", taking the initiative to conquer North America was also a way. After all, the king who signed the "Peace of Paris" died, although the death of Louis XVI

France is different from Henry V and Charles.

But whether it was Bonaparte or someone else who came up with this plan, they still didn't understand the British well enough. In order to get rid of the bubble bill, they came up with trusts, which are different from the kind of trusts that rich people's children get.

The same, based on the "Use" system.

The creation of the church system can be traced back to the British feudal society in the 13th century. At that time, religious believers were accustomed to donating their land to the church after their death, which caused the church's land to continue to increase. However, according to the British law at that time, the church's land was exempted.

The increase in church land subject to levy tax meant a gradual decrease in state tax revenue. This undoubtedly affected the interests of the king and feudal nobles. So in the early 13th century, King Henry III of England promulgated a "Confiscation Ordinance", stipulating that all

Land donated to church groups must obtain the king's permission. Anyone who transfers or donates the land without authorization will have their land confiscated. In response to this new regulation, religious believers modified their donation behavior. They donated the land in their wills.

It is owned by a third party. However, it is also stipulated that the church has the actual right to use and benefit from the land. This is the "Us system".

This was part of "history", and Georgiana didn't study it carefully, so she didn't quite understand how those factory owners escaped legal loopholes and established joint-stock companies. Anyway, France's plan would fail, and Henri Petty was not in a hurry.

.

Georgiana was now worried about Alice, who was dancing happily with that boy, the arrogant and indifferent Lord at Annecy who looked "ordinary" at this time.

According to custom, if two families are competitors, the eldest son will inherit the family business, and the younger son will marry the rival and become the son-in-law. They will not change each other's surnames, but add a dash between the two surnames.

, such as Justin Finch-Finch-Fletchley, and their parents would join forces to establish a company for them, which would provide each family with financial independence.

"You are so terrible." Georgiana murmured, "You actually plot a girl's marriage like Bonaparte. Don't you know how difficult it is to marry between England and France?"

She was just about to go find another glass of champagne when she met an angry Bonaparte.

He seemed to be controlling his temper as he dragged her behind a curtain.

"Who was that person just now?" he asked as if accusingly.

"who?"

"That's the British guy who was talking to you just now."

Georgiana thought for a moment and realized that he was probably not talking about Henry Becker. That man's hair was all white.

"You mean Mr. Dumont?" she asked.

He seemed to be waiting for her to confess.

"He is a gentleman, you don't need to worry." She pinched his nose, "Don't act like you're jealous."

"Won't you be jealous if I'm with someone else?" he asked.
To be continued...