Chapter 2085 Trembling Movement (3)

Modern music is divided into seven tones, but traditional elegant music only has five tones, namely Gongshangjiao Huiyu, but the music introduced from the Western Regions already has seven tones.

The seven tones of the music of the Western Regions are also different from the scale of the "Western", hence the name Kucha music. It is a music and dance that is only available in the "Western Regions".

According to legend, Marco Polo was born into a family of Venetian merchants. When he was 17 years old, he left his hometown with his father and uncle and headed to the "East" along the overland Silk Road. They first entered the Persian territory and crossed the desert to Hugo.

In the Luoshan area, they followed Xuanzang's way back to the Tang Empire and entered the Hexi Corridor. However, they did not go to the Central Plains along the Hexi Corridor. Instead, they went north across the desert to Mongolia and came to Yuanshangdu, the capital of the Great Mongol Empire.

Kublai Khan the Great Khan.

Perhaps Marco Polo heard Qiuci music and saw the Buddhist dance in the Western Regions on the way. Afterwards, Marco Polo visited many provinces and cities, even Hangzhou, which he described as the most prosperous in the world.

City.

It was the Southern Song Dynasty at that time, and the Mongols were busy integrating the southern region into the empire. However, Marco Polo’s travels divided the three ethnic states in the east into Tatar, the country of the Mongols, and Khitan. This place was originally the Jin Dynasty.

The area ruled by the Mongol Dynasty was later conquered by the Mongols, as well as the "Manzi Kingdom", which was the Mongolian name for the Southern Song Dynasty.

This has formed a long-standing and unresolved confusion in the West. Would the Mongols call others barbarians? However, according to Mark Polo, there are many Christians in the Khitan region, but few in the "barbarian country"

Christians, so Westerners have a natural curiosity and sympathy for Khitan.

Later, when Matteo Ricci arrived in BJ, he already knew that there was no longer a Khitan Kingdom in the north of the Ming Dynasty, and Hangzhou was no longer its capital. In the conservative Ming Dynasty, the Catholic missionaries represented by Matteo Ricci were almost the only ones to obtain permission to travel in the Ming Dynasty.

This privilege lasted until the death of Matteo Ricci for the group of foreigners staying in the Ming Dynasty. Missionaries often called themselves Italians and were sent by the Pope, but most of their actual nationalities were Portuguese.

The Portuguese also sent envoys. According to European customs, firing a gun salute is a courtesy, but in the East it means a declaration of war. When they finally explained it clearly, they did not understand why the officials did not allow their ship to enter the Pearl River.

Allow them to trade in Guangzhou.

They all had red hair and green eyes. Who could tell which country they were from? So these Portuguese missionaries pretended to be Italians and stayed.

Tang Ruowang, a famous missionary during the Kangxi period, was actually a German. He was sent by the Portuguese Jesuits and arrived in China during the Tianqi period at the end of the Ming Dynasty. He experienced Emperor Chongzhen, Nurhaci, Dorgon, and Shunzhi, except Tang Ruowang.

In addition to knowing astronomy and calendar, he could also build cannons. Legend has it that Nurhachi was seriously injured by the cannon he built.

After the change of dynasties, Dorgon valued Tang Ruowang's talent in making cannons. Even though Tang Ruowang had made cannons for the Ming army to deal with the Qing army, many Manchu ministers and noble ministers obstructed him. Dorgon remained unmoved and insisted on letting Tang Ruowang serve as the commander of the Qintian Prison.

officials.

In fact, during the Chongzhen period, Tang Ruowang calculated a new calendar that could more accurately calculate solar and lunar eclipses, but it encountered obstacles during its promotion.

There is an irreconcilable contradiction between the church and the imperial power. When the authority of the emperor is lower than the authority of the pope, the dark Middle Ages in the West perfectly explained it. In the East, the authority can only be the emperor.

In addition, Christianity’s own teachings also have contradictions. If God is the only true God, then is Jesus also a god? If we forcefully say yes, then isn’t this contradictory to God being the only true God?

This involves the "Trinity" explanation, which is logical and Westerners will believe it, but the Eastern approach does not work.

Before Matteo Ricci, Nestorianism had already spread in the East, and many things had been deleted, including the grimaces of Jesus on the cross. However, no matter how they adapted, it was still difficult to spread.

When he arrived at Matteo Ricci's place, he preached entirely in Chinese, and also used natural science knowledge to win the favor of the upper class. This set of standards of conduct was called "Matteo Ricci's Rules."

Easterners are not interested in God, but are interested in Western geography, astronomy, and collections. At that time, China did not have prisms and glass. Tang Ruowang took a prism that refracted seven-color light, and people thought it was a Nuwa stone and fought for it.

In addition to these, another science and technology that interested the emperor was the calendar. Before Matteo Ricci's death, the original calendar official failed to calculate the solar eclipse, and some people had suggested that the Qintian Prison should be handed over to missionaries. Not only that, the missionaries

They also have a group of staunch protectors.

Rome was changed to Rome, and the privilege of free preaching was also cancelled. Even though the "Chongzhen Calendar" formulated by Tang Ruowang, Luo Yagu and others had been formulated, it was not used until the fall of the Ming Dynasty. Instead, it was renamed by Dorgon.

Passed.

During the Qing army's occupation of BJ, Emperor Yongli's Queen Mother Wang suddenly remembered something. She had converted to Catholicism at that time. Under her leadership, Emperor Yongli's biological mother and concubines also became Catholics. If it hadn't been for Yongli

The emperor had too many wives and concubines who did not meet the conditions for becoming a religious believer, so he might have become a religious believer.

When the Ming Dynasty was in turmoil, the Queen Mother wrote two letters, one to Pope Innocent X and the other to the President of the Society of Jesus. However, she did not ask the Pope to send troops, but hoped that they would

Pray for the Ming Dynasty and keep the country stable.

If praying to God and worshiping Buddha is effective, what kind of doctor is needed? If everyone kneels before God and prays, he will be cured without medicine. What medicine should he drink and what kind of surgery should he do?

It was precisely because it didn't work that the Black Death killed so many people. But even if the Queen Mother wrote a letter asking the Pope to send troops, it would be in vain. This was not a "Crusade". It would be difficult for the Pope to recruit so many soldiers in a short time.

There was food and military expenses, and it seemed that the Pope had nothing else to do except pray.

The decline of such a huge empire was so devastating that a small number of missionaries were involved, but most of them survived and began to serve the new rulers.

Compared with the late Ming Dynasty, the emperor in the early Qing Dynasty gave missionaries more freedom, so the Ming and Qing Dynasties became the only feudal dynasty replacement recorded in the West.

Unlike other feudal dynasties, the Ming Dynasty had two ruling groups, one in the north and one in Nanjing. Most of the positions held in Nanjing were fictitious, and they only received a salary with a title.

However, when the political power in the north collapsed, the "Southern Ming Dynasty" was established again. At that time, a missionary named Wei Kuangguo of Han Dynasty lived in Wenzhou with the permission of Emperor Longwu of the Southern Ming Dynasty. When it was occupied by the Qing army, he posted on the door

A piece of red paper with Chinese characters written on it: This house is inhabited by Europeans.

He placed exquisite books, optical instruments, and mathematical instruments in conspicuous positions, and also placed the image of the Savior on the altar. This trick worked very well. Neither civilians nor Qing generals harassed the missionary.

When peace was restored, the Qing general asked him if he would like to shave his head.

Wei Kuangguo immediately expressed his willingness, so the general shaved his head in person. It would be weird to wear Ming Dynasty clothes with a Qing hair style. The general gave him a suit of clothes, which he also wore, and hosted a banquet for him.

After him, the general also sent him to the safer city of Hangzhou.

There was another missionary in Guangzhou, Zeng Dezhao. When the soldiers broke into the city, they tied him up and forced him to hand over his property. A few days later, a high official came and not only released Zeng Dezhao, but also gave him a Bible and a prayer book.

, and donated a large amount of money, and returned the church to him.

This man's name was Shang Kexi, and he was a subordinate of Sun Yuanhua. He was later named King of Pingnan, equal to King Wu Sangui of Pingxi. He was also a general of the Ming Dynasty originally, and Sun Yuanhua was a Christian. He was very interested in Western technology and artillery military tactics.

.

Even in Sichuan under the rule of Zhang Xianzhong, there were missionaries serving as astronomers in the Daxi Kingdom.

During the "Golden Age of Kangxi and Qianlong", good times for missionaries came again. During that time, Qintian Prison was divided into two parts. One part was about astronomy and calendar, which was mastered by foreign missionaries such as Tang Ruowang, and the other part was about "numerology"

The Chinese are responsible for calculating the fate of the country. For them, the golden age described by Marco Polo has arrived.

There was a Frenchman who did not aspire to be a missionary since he was a child, but at that time, he had to go to a missionary school to study. He studied painting in Lyon in his early years, and later went to study in Rome. In the third year of Qianlong's reign, he became a priest in the palace and took a Chinese name.

His name is Wang Zhicheng.

He was very good at painting and painted portraits for many princes and ministers. Later he also participated in the construction of the Western-style Building in the Old Summer Palace, where the British envoys were arranged to live.

The land is low-lying, so it is indeed easy for some insects to grow, but the conditions are not so bad that we need to protest.

Macartney had always asked to live in the inner city of the capital, and the emperor agreed and placed them in the residence of the former governor of Guangzhou, who had been arrested.

After the envoys stayed in the city for a few days, they went to Rehe to see the emperor, but they had disagreements over whether to kneel or not.

There were many Europeans living in the Qing court, and Macartney's request was that Britain, like Russia, set up a commercial office in Beijing and send a permanent envoy to solve trade problems.

The Russians and the Manchus signed the "Treaty of Nerchinsk", not to mention that Russia and the Manchus are inextricably linked. Other European countries do not have business offices in BJ, so why should the United Kingdom alone have one?

Since the signing of the Treaty of Westphalia, the treaty system has become the main international exchange system between European countries. At the same time, the colonial system has been used to dominate weak countries. This system is completely different from the tribute system.

Tsarist Russia asked Emperor Shunzhi to surrender to him and become a Russian colony. Of course Emperor Shunzhi refused, and in turn asked the Tsar to pay tribute to him. After a long period of armed conflict and diplomatic struggle, both sides understood each other's strength, and finally agreed to the European rule.

Treaties signed under public international law.

The British called the Manchus Tatars, and the French knew that they were the Jurchens. Even during the Southern Song Dynasty, because the suzerain state could not coordinate the conflicts between the Liao Kingdom, the Jurchens, and Goguryeo, Goguryeo stopped paying tribute for a time.

There is a French missionary named Qian Deming. He not only knows Chinese, but also Mongolian and Manchu. He has written books such as the biography of Confucius. Georgiana has a copy of Sun Tzu's Art of War on the bookshelf of St. Luke's Palace. It is him.

In addition to Sun Tzu, translators include Wu Zi, Wei Liaozi, Sima Fa, etc.

He also wrote "An Examination of Ancient and Modern Chinese Music", which not only introduced the musical instruments, but also discussed the theory of temperament and modes.

Many people think that elegant music sounds like noise and does not combine different notes to produce variations and harmony. However, Qian Deming feels that the Chinese are the first to understand the concept of harmony.

When singing the Hogwarts school song, everyone can choose their favorite tune, either a wedding march or a funeral march.

Albus felt happy, and Georgiana didn't care. Didn't he see the old bat clapping?

Napoleon couldn't even sing in tune.

She was too lazy to say anything more to the French official. When would the banquet end? She wanted to go back to sleep.
Chapter completed!