Chapter 2165 Flower Struggle (Seventy Three)

The early Qing Dynasty was a political system headed by the emperor and the Eight Banners. Nine years ago, Nurhachi still regarded himself as Jianzhou Jurchen. After Dorgon conquered the entire Monan Mongolia, Huang Taiji abolished the old clan name.

Renamed "Manchuria", this is a new ruling group formed with the Jianzhou Jurchens as the core and absorbing the Haixi Jurchens and some other tribes.

Although power was concentrated in the emperor himself after the capital was established in BJ in the first year of Shunzhi, even in the later years of Emperor Kangxi, the Eight Banners relatives still had great power, and the princes formed a new Eight Banners relatives group.

The old relatives are still there, and new ones have been formed. In particular, the three Eight Banners relatives and noble groups formed around the families of Emperor Kangxi's three empresses are all involved in the battle for the throne. Therefore, Emperor Yongzheng and the eighth prince Yinsu are not simply innocent.

It was not a personal political struggle, but a struggle between almost the entire old and new aristocratic groups in Manchuria and the imperial power, and Yinhu was their spokesperson.

Before Emperor Yongzheng came to the throne, he was an ordinary prince and lacked the authority that Emperor Kangxi had. The old and new Eight Banners kinship groups formed around Yinzhu posed a great threat to the imperial power structure. This was the severe situation he faced in the early days of his accession to the throne.

Therefore, he gradually eliminated the key members of the Eighth Prince through constant wooing and differentiation, relying on his younger brother Prince Yi Yinxiang, uncle Longkodo and Nian Gengyao as assistants.

After eliminating this biggest opponent, the newly formed Eight Banners upstarts Longkodo and Nian Gengyao began to grow bigger again and became a new threat to the imperial power.

Since the merger of Tatar and Central Plains into one country, the Great Wall has lost its original role. It was not built on a beautiful plain, but winding along the high mountains. There are still military camps at the foot of the Great Wall, and the solid stone buildings are still maintained.

pass.

Since it was no longer necessary for defense and security, the Manchus no longer paid attention to its maintenance. Many parts of it have begun to collapse, while other parts have become obstacles to the development of the plains that once relied on it for defense.

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As an adopted prince, Yong Rong did not want to participate in the battle for the throne anymore, but he still wanted to "relieve worries" for Qianlong. First of all, Mongolia should no longer be a threat, and secondly, the forces in the capital were complicated and there was no need to let a new force

forces are involved.

The highest decision-making body of the Qing Dynasty was originally the Council of Prime Ministers and Ministers, whose members were composed of nobles from the Eight Banners. At the beginning of Yongzheng's accession to the throne, the Prime Minister's Affairs Council was established in the name of observing filial piety for three years, and it once held the highest decision-making power. In the seventh year of Yongzheng's reign, he had an affair with Zhun Ge.

During the Erhanate War, Yongzheng ordered the establishment of the "Two Routes of Military Aircraft", and the military supplies were handed over to Prince Yi, Zhang Tingyu, and Jiang Tingxi. These three people formed the "Military Supplies Room", which was renamed the "Military Aircraft Department" the following year. At the beginning, the Military Aircraft Department

It was just a temporary wooden house, first placed inside the Qianqing Gate, then outside the Longzong Gate, and converted into a tile-roofed house, close to the Yangxin Hall, the emperor's palace. It was a typical institution of the inner dynasty.

To enter the palace, you must pass the "Gate Control". The difference between the "Forbidden City" and the "Purple City", the residence of the Emperor of Heaven, is the missing word "forbidden". Birds can fly freely in the sky, but there is no such natural freedom in the Forbidden City.

After the establishment of the Military Aircraft Department, the emperor was free to choose his cronies to serve as military aircraft ministers. The military aircraft ministers had no fixed number, no full-time positions, and were only temporary positions. The military aircraft ministers only had the right to make suggestions, and the decision-making power was controlled by the emperor alone. From then on, the ministers gradually lost their importance in discussing political affairs.

, it is difficult for powerful ministers like Dorgon and Obai to appear again.

It is not easy for pawnshops to operate in the capital. Judging from the pawnshops run by Celeng and Yongrong, the first serious problem they face is that officials have long-term debt repayments.

The interest on Celeng's pawnshop was less than 8%, and the officials refused to pay, so he had to "instruct" the officials to make compensation.

Pawnshops such as "Wancheng" and "Fenghe" of the Ministry of Internal Affairs can be deducted from official salaries on a quarterly basis, but the "Qingchun Dang" allocated to Yongrong cannot be deducted from them. Even if he is the Minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, he can only

Qianlong rewarded him with 1,800 official houses rented out by the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

It is difficult for the pawnshops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to compete with private pawnshops, because private pawnshops can make business and earn interest. After all, the salary is fixed, but the profits of merchants fluctuate.

The main reason I went to Qintian Prison that day was to repay money. After my home was confiscated, Yunduan Dorji was short of money for a period of time, so he borrowed money from Yongrong's pawnshop and repaid the principal and interest normally. This was a very upright thing.

There is no need to be afraid of someone writing a secret memorial.

The use of memorials began in the Kangxi period. There were no memorials in the Ming Dynasty. Since the Tang Dynasty, memorial documents have been used. The Ministry of Finance has made very clear regulations, and subsequent generations have followed them. Memorials are like excerpts. When the plot of the story reaches a certain point,

Paragraphs are divided by a crease, which is called a "fold".

Memorials are different from official documents. All private matters, confidential matters and other important events that are not easy to be disclosed must be reported in memorials without the need for seals. In the Ming Dynasty, the powerful "Prince Eunuch", the Manchus and the Han people in the Shunzhi period, whose

Whoever has the higher official title will hold the seal, and any inscription covered by this "seal" can be made public.

Memorials can be used to report things as small as greetings, thanks, and trivial matters for the people, as well as military affairs, diplomacy, and confidential information. In the early days of Yongzheng's accession to the throne, there was no fixed format. It only stipulated that the emperor should use a Zhu pen to give instructions on the memorials. This kind of memorial was called "Zhu Pi".

"Memorial", even if the emperor wrote "I understand, I admire this", Zhu's edicts are also an important basis for officials' decision-making and administration.

Zhu Pi could be written by the emperor himself or by the military minister. At the same time, the system of memorials was also extended to all governors, governors, and chief envoys. Therefore, although the meeting of ministers still existed, it had gradually been reduced to a decoration, and was eventually replaced by Qianlong.

The emperor was deposed, and the last trace of the Eight Banners' co-governance ceased to exist.

Emperor Kangxi stipulated that memorials to ministers must be written in their own hand. If they are unable to write it themselves, they can have their close relatives and nephews write it on their behalf, but they must be explained at the end of the memorial.

Generally, each memorial has six lines, with two left and right panels forming one opening, each with twelve lines, and each line has twenty-six characters. Parallel prose was popular in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the words were gorgeous, but sometimes the words did not convey the meaning. Kangxi required that the content of the memorial did not need to be

No matter how "clumsy" you are, your words must be able to convey your meaning.

Judging from the actual situation, the officials who wrote the memorial were afraid of being criticized for what they said in a compromise, so they were cautious and cautious. Therefore, when writing memorials, they were usually written by knowledgeable and experienced staff.

After paying back the money, Yongrong ordered a Ula to take Juren to the Wenhua Palace Treasury, which contained memorials of officials, Zhu Pi memorials, edicts, etc. from the Kangxi period. The contents could not be taken away, but Juren could.

Read it inside.

Not far from the Treasury is the Wenyuan Pavilion. After Li Zicheng entered the Forbidden City in the late Ming Dynasty, most of the Wenhua Palace was destroyed. Only the Wuying Palace remained. It was ordered to be rebuilt. Everything was in accordance with the Ming system. The emperor had to visit the Wenhua Palace every spring and autumn.

Sutra feasts were held, and the examination papers were also held in the Wenhua Hall.

During the Qianlong period, Wenyuan Pavilion was built on the site of Shengji Hall. This was the royal library. It was originally built specifically to store the "Sikuquanshu". Both regulations and concepts were imitated by Zhejiang Tianyi Pavilion.

The Forbidden City is full of red walls and yellow tiles. It has black glazed tiles, and the paint is mainly cold colors.

The imperial examination is an indispensable part of the official career, but the humble are strictly prohibited from taking part. The so-called humble refer to barbarians, slaves, criminals, executioners, government servants, actors, beggars, blind people, etc.

Of course, "Yi" does not refer to the Manchus, although they must be distinguished from the Han people. The "Yi" here mainly refers to Europeans like Nick. Neither Castiglione nor Tang Ruowang entered official positions through the imperial examination.

While the French were keen on pursuing "Chinese style", German Enlightenment thinkers used the imperial examination system as a weapon to oppose the hereditary system of European aristocracy.

Since ancient times, European officials and titles have been hereditary. Unless military exploits were rewarded by the king, the European Middle Ages were full of wars.

This official selection system of "excellence in learning leads to officialdom" is very consistent with the ideas of Plato's "philosopher kings". They opposed the feudal hereditary system and everyone can enter the official career through equal competition.

Bonaparte sneered.

Georgiana said not a word, and had to continue reading dryly.

This rule means that Nick cannot take the imperial examination, but he can take the scholar examination. With the title of scholar, he does not have to worry about being tortured, and he can go to court without kneeling.

This social difference is not stipulated by law, but is set by people's prejudices. To obtain a good status, three generations of people need to engage in occupations that are worthy of respect and useful to society.

Nick objected to this kind of discrimination, but Juren gave him a wry smile.

"I know how to write memorials, but do you think the emperor will mind our 'business'?"

Nick's self-proclaimed title gave him a sense of pity.

"If we want to get out of trouble, we must also think about 'breaking'." Juren said lightly, took another sip of wine, smacked his lips, and seemed very comfortable.
Chapter completed!