Chapter 2420 royal circus (3)

Ireland is also known as the Emerald Isle. The entire island is covered in green from east to west and from south to north, with moderate temperatures, dense water networks, and wide pastures, making it very suitable for the development of animal husbandry.

In order to achieve the purpose of restricting the export of Irish wool, the London Parliament even enacted a law banning the import of Irish live cattle. Since William III defeated James II, the land of the Irish nobles who once supported James II was "confiscated", and Ireland controlled it.

The land was only 14%, which dropped to 7% 20 years later. By 1775, only about 5% of the land was controlled by the Irish.

At that time, Parliament also passed a "Livestock Bill", which prohibited Catholics from owning horses worth more than 5 pounds, but did not prohibit the raising of cattle and pigs. However, agriculture and animal husbandry alone could not increase land rent. The primary purpose of the enclosure movement was

The income from wool was higher than that from agriculture. Nobles and new aristocrats could pay higher land rents and drive away farmers who originally rented land for farming. British landowners in Ireland were also subject to the Woolen Act and the Livestock Act.

But the "method" is always thought up by people. Usually the landowners do not live in Ireland. They lease the land through middlemen, collect a rent in advance, and then leave it alone.

The middlemen then leased it to middlemen, and through layers of exploitation, the land rent was relatively high when it was subleased to Irish tenant farmers, and they would cut the land into small pieces. American farmers had large pieces of land, and they even needed

Using horses to pull plows reduced their farming costs.

High land rent, high planting costs, and low food prices have resulted in Irish people having almost no property. Some foreign middlemen will rent land to farmers at relatively low prices, and the lease time of tenant farmers will also be shortened accordingly.

Intermediaries can take land use rights to the market for auction every now and then and drive up prices.

In addition to being used for farming, land can also be used to build houses. Not to mention the big projects of the General Administration of Customs, building some townhouses can also increase land rent prices. However, no one lives in these repaired houses at all. The target customers of those high-end communities are wealthy.

Most of the wealthy people have gone to London, and they will only return to Dublin in the winter. There is not much private demand for high-end residences.

Real estate in Dublin was weak from the beginning, but construction spread to the suburbs and satellite villages. The final result was that Irish farmers had to use their own cattle, butter, wheat and other crops to pay high rents, and their only assets were pigs and

Pig manure, and potatoes.

British landowners could acquire a lot of wealth without doing anything, while Irish farmers had to devote all their time and energy to taking care of a small piece of land with an unstable life span, and naturally had no way to improve the land.

Richard had 22 children, but he never intended for Maria to sacrifice her life to take care of her younger siblings. She wrote two novels, "The Castle of La Corrente" and "The Landlord", both of which reflected the relationship between Irish landowners and tenant farmers.

The relationship indirectly supported his father's political views. In his small town, the land rent was not that high, and he himself did not leave Ireland to live in England.

In 1800, he delivered a speech in the Irish Parliament. He believed that the union of Britain and Ireland would allow wealthy children to come to Ireland to inherit their properties in Ireland. His daughter was more realistic than him. In Maria's novel, a British landowner disembarked from his ship and went ashore.

He met a group of Dublin citizens who tried their best to get a few pennies from him. Their frenzy and poverty drove away the pastoral scenery and romance in the English landowner's imagination, because he suddenly found himself surrounded by a group of "monsters".

These people said "Don't worry, don't be afraid" while taking away his luggage. The British traveler was surrounded and could only watch. But when he arrived at the hotel, he found that his luggage was safe and he only paid a few dollars.

For a penny, these porters smiled and were grateful to him.

This scene can be seen in Agatha Christian's novel "Tragedy on the Nile", but the beggar became an Egyptian. Saint-Hilaire came to Belgium mainly to build the Brussels Museum of Natural History.

Even Rogne didn't see him. There were many specimens in the museum, including animals from all the major states, and there were also two mummies. The Belgians who saw them for the first time were excited and scared.

The Egyptians not only mummified people, but also animals, and Saint-Hilaire dissected them. Some animals had not changed much over thousands of years, but Georgiana felt very uncomfortable when she saw the mummy of a baboon.

The biggest changes in species are cats and dogs. Welsh corgis have short legs and are suitable for herding cattle. In Ireland, there are wolfhounds, which are very large. However, as the Irish wolves became extinct, these wolfhounds also became extinct.

The dogs in the tombs of the ancient Egyptian pharaohs did not exist in Egypt in the 19th century. They looked more like hyenas. What can be found in murals now and still survives in Egypt is a slender dog called a hound.

, they come from the Fertile Crescent and are suitable for hunting antelope, desert fox and jackal.

These dogs are the hounds of the pharaohs and nobles. The nobles usually drive chariots when they go hunting. Chasing antelopes can experience the speed and passion. In contrast, fighting with lions is very dangerous, and lions cannot run fast, so they cannot fully exert their sweat.

The advantage of blood horses is that horses are naturally afraid of lions. Without training, they will panic when they smell the scent of a lion. If the carriage overturns at this time, the hunter will have to face the lion himself.

As for the usefulness of those nimble antelope dogs when facing lions, we can only leave it to fate. If you are unlucky, you will not be able to hunt, but you will be hunted instead.

Before 1800, animals were never regarded as individuals in need of protection. As Britain became increasingly urbanized, some bad habits in the countryside also poured in, such as bullfighting, cockfighting, dogfighting, bearfighting, and other popular "entertainments" in the market.

Known for their cruelty, a man named Martin proposed the introduction of animal protection laws to protect large animals such as cattle, horses, mules, etc., which can at least be used as transportation.

This prompted ridicule from the MPs, who jokingly shouted, "There are dogs, and there are cats."

Unlike the Spanish bullfighter who will use a piece of red cloth to provoke the bull, the British bullfighter will first tie the bull to a wooden stake, and then sprinkle pepper on the bull's nose. When the bull is provoked, it will release a special bulldog, which is so ferocious.

A large dog will bite a cow on the nose.

Then there is the bear fighting show. The bear is also tied to a pillar and surrounded by several hounds. No matter how ferocious the bear is, it will be bitten alive and die from exhaustion. The whole scene is bloody, but the bear's body will not be killed by the hounds.

After all, bear skins are valuable. In the 18th century, Britain was already one of the best in the world. Meat was part of many people's dining tables. London butchers consumed more meat in a month than Spain did in a year.

The demand for meat inevitably requires slaughterhouses. In order to ensure the freshness of the meat, slaughterhouses are usually located in the city center. For example, Diagon Alley used to be a butcher shop. In order to prevent the meat from being exposed to direct sunlight and accelerating decay, the buildings on both sides of the alley are very close to each other.

Shade can block the sun.

Diagon Alley is located on Charles Cross Street, which is the city center. Seeing scenes of slaughter every day in a densely populated area will make people feel psychologically uncomfortable, especially the shrill screams of animals before they die, and the flowing blood.

The sewer is really an amazing "public landscape".

Martin hopes to ban everything that can serve as an inducement to cruelty, and ban all animal cruelty that entertains and satisfies gluttons.

In addition, the people watching these "performances" are the most unruly on the fringes of the city, and their gathering together will lead to an increase in behaviors that disrupt public order.

In fact, when Britain and France signed a trade treaty in 1786, Ireland also demanded the same benefits. The Portuguese occasionally smuggled Irish wool socks to France as British goods. Also experiencing the American Revolution, William Pitt Jr. lowered the price of tea by

Tariffs increased taxes and reduced smuggling.

However, the final "consensus" reached was that Ireland "should not enjoy it". When defending this trade treaty, William Eden believed that "the two countries should currently enjoy different trading systems in their respective trade with France", so

What is important to British policy "may not necessarily" be unambiguously acceptable to Ireland.

In other words, when Britain and Portugal had to allow port wine to enjoy tariff preferences over Bordeaux wine because of the Methuen Treaty, Ireland was not subject to this restriction.

Scotch whiskey making is restricted, but the Irish brewing industry is not affected. Gundong, the designer of the customs building, was also attacked. The most important destination ports in Ireland are Rotterdam, Bordeaux and Cadiz in Spain. The trade volume with Liverpool is incomparable.

, is it necessary to build a customs house more magnificent than the Liverpool Customs House?

"Oh~" Padma whined involuntarily.

"Afraid?" Georgiana asked.

"Of course not!" said Padma, who was both strong and capable.

Edgeworth laughed.

"I don't like her books." Georgiana said bluntly. "Doesn't she realize how preachy she is?"

"So what do you think your style is?" Richard asked.

Georgiana was speechless.

Padma smiled happily when she saw her like this, but her smile soon froze after seeing the exhibits in the next exhibition hall.

"Is that true?" she whispered.

"Of course." Saint-Hilaire also looked at it and said, "It looks unreal, doesn't it?"

Padma didn't answer.

Georgiana and Edgeworth also looked at the huge creature. It looked very much like a wolf, but it was ten times larger than a normal wolf.

Even though it has been made into a specimen, it is still clawing and clawing, which looks extremely scary. Fortunately, the museum is not open to the public yet.

"It shouldn't be here, who put it here?" Georgiana asked.

"I," Chaptal said, "we paid a heavy price to kill it."

"Is this..." Edgeworth asked.

"The Gevaudan beast, not counting the people who died after catching it, it attacked hundreds of people." Schaptal looked at Georgiana and said, "Why shouldn't it be placed here?"

Because it looks too "magical" and should not appear in a "natural science" museum.

She didn't say these words, and looked back at the terrifying specimen. From this angle, it looked a bit like a dog.
Chapter completed!