Public life in Athens included citizens' assemblies, popular courts, the Council of Five Hundred, squares and theaters, where every Athenian citizen could meet, talk, negotiate and be judged.

It is said that the Romans once sent envoys to Athens to study the Greek code of law. They not only brought back the code of law, but also brought back other things, such as drama, literature, etc.

It was in the Hellenistic period, and many areas were affected by Greek civilization. Some people once said that as long as you learned a language, you could travel from Athens to India without any hindrance.

Pomona got up from the pool, walked along the stone steps to the edge of the pool, and then dried her hair with a towel.

The Polyjuice Potion had worn off while she was in the pool, and she had returned to her "original self".

She thought about it while wiping her hair.

In the 12th century, there was a Roman law commentator named Bulgarus. He and three others reintroduced Roman law into medieval Europe.

Bulgarus believed that if a group of wolves snatched away a few sheep from the flock, a nearby farmer sent out hounds to chase the wolves and successfully rescued a few sheep. As long as the lost thing can be recovered, it will still belong to the original

Everyone owns property, and if he cannot, he loses his exclusive rights.

Like those captured animals on land and water, when they regain a free state of freedom, their ownership no longer belongs to the person who captured them.

Ownership of a beast hunted with a trap does not arise from this fact alone, and therefore the stranger who takes the game out of the trap is not guilty of theft.

One day he and his disciples drove to the outskirts of Bologna. They ran into a wild boar that had fallen into a trap. The disciple wanted to take the wild boar away. When he was stopped by Bulgarus, he quoted Bulgarus in

What is covered in class.

"To be sure," Bulgarus replied, "we have no fear of being sued, but considerations of our reputation should prevent us from doing so. I am more worried about the scandal than the outcome of any future verdict."

Pomona put down the towel in her hand, sighed, and looked at the "lace" pajamas again.

The traps were not just clips, but also pits and nets. Next to the towel lay the pajamas that she would wear later, which was lace made by Liz from spider silk.

If she didn't think about the butterfly, she didn't feel that way. Now she doesn't want to wear it that much.

At night, the temperature control system in the greenhouse starts to work, and the plants spray out fine water mist to cool down the temperature. In fact, it is not that hot anymore.

"What are you wearing if you don't wear this?" Pomona muttered, putting down the towel and putting on her pajamas.

She didn't know how long Snape would be pestered by Stringer, but she estimated that he would not come again unless he could not go back to the castle at night in front of Stringer and instead go to the residence of a female teacher.

Even though Sprout was bloated and unattractive, she had many magical plants, many of them contraband, needed to make potions.

So she confidently wore this outfit and returned to the preparation room.

A cold bath can make people wake up, and she is not so anxious to go to bed immediately, planning to find a book to read.

Then she raised her head, looked outside, and shook her head in disapproval.

The voices of the ghosts were too noisy, so she turned on the gramophone placed in the corner of the preparation room and played the music, deliberately raising the volume to cover up their noise.

The novel she found was written by a wizard, about a swamp digger who ate too much mandrake and fell in love with a girl near the swamp, so he went to say hello to her.

"Oh, what is this?" the girl asked.

"I'm peat, dear," whistled the bog digger.

"You look so ugly." The girl said with disgust.

In order to win the girl's love, Swamp Digger asked a wizard to turn him into a human. But that was impossible. A human prince might be turned into a frog, but a frog could not turn into a prince.

However, the wizard petrified it and made it into a handsome statue. However, it could not move and was placed by the wizard on the edge of the swamp.

One day the girl passed by the sculpture, and the statue whistled as usual. This time the girl's heart moved.

She invited the sculpture to attend the ball with her, and it did not want it, but the wizard's magic prevented it from moving. It could only watch as the girl invited other dance partners.

There is a common sense problem with this story. The swamp diggers are not mud, but magical animals that live in the mud. However, compared with the stories written by Lockhart, this story at least has some merits.

Even magic is not omnipotent and can ensure your success. Just like the little mermaid sacrificed her voice to get human legs, but in the end she didn't get it. It's not like Cinderella who relied on the magic of her fairy godmother to win at the ball.

Got the prince's love.

So she threw the storybook aside and lay on the bed.

After she fell asleep for a while, she remembered that the gramophone was not turned off, and the music did not really cover up the ghosts' voices, but made it seem noisier.

She felt very upset and covered her head with a blanket, as if it would calm her down.

"Dang~"

She heard a crisp sound, and when she woke up, she found a Roman standing in front of her. He was holding a copper scale in his hand, and a copper coin was placed on one end of the scale. The sound just now seemed to be from it.

.

As for why she could immediately recognize that the other party was a Roman...it was like that in Muggle movies, but the other party was not an ancient Roman aristocrat, but a commoner.

Then, when she was still confused, someone grabbed her arm and took a few steps forward, and then "handed" her into the hands of another person.

That was a completely strange man to her, although he also had black hair and black eyes.

Wait a moment.

She looked around and found that there were five "witnesses" and "actors" who looked like her parents. She suddenly understood what was going on.

Congratulations, you just got married, my dear, the ceremony was still Manxi Pashu. The copper coin that was thrown into the copper balance just now is a sign of "changing hands".

Although Rome was far more Hellenistic than Carthage, some things from the ancient Roman royal period and even before were still preserved.

Before her future "husband" could take her hand, Pomona turned and ran, with others chasing after her, yelling at her to stop.

In fact, the Roman was pretty good-looking, but that's not the point. The Mansipasu ceremony was used in many places, and the same could be said for slave and livestock transactions. The only difference was that they were the transfer of property rights, while she was the father's and husband's rights.

handover.

After the introduction of the Greek system, the Romans in the early days of the Republic would read out their wills at the citizens' assembly. Only such wills would have legal effect. However, in this way, private law became public law.

The Manxi Pashu ceremony can also be transferred, but only one item can be transferred at a time, such as her as the bride. There are often a lot of inheritances, so people will bring an "appendix" during the ceremony through which items can be bequeathed.

Free the slave. The slave who paid the heir 10 gold coins to be freed just didn't know that this appendix existed. In the appendix, he gained unconditional freedom.

Compared with a pre-conciliation will, Mansipasu inheritance does not require so many witnesses, and the testator does not want to appear in public as if he is dying.

However, the Mansipashu-style will at this time was still an oral will, and it became a formal civil law after the addition of the Twelve Tables. It is said that before the common people fled, they also experienced a plague, so the nobles had to compromise.

At this time, the high priests replaced the diviners and became the interpreters of the law.

The Law of the Twelve Bronze Tables stipulates two methods of inheritance, namely, inheritance of property rights and inheritance of debt. If the will says that something belongs to someone, it does not necessarily belong to him. It needs to be passed through the heir who inherits the inheritance of debt, or through a trust.

The person transfers the item to the donee, but of course he does not give it to the donee, and the donee has nothing to do with him. Before Augustus legislated to protect the trust system, it was maintained by obligation and good faith.

If an heir who inherits a debt gives away everything, what will he use to repay the debt left by the testator?

Most people hope to increase their property through testamentary inheritance. If they lose money, they will not inherit it.

Octavian was Caesar's adopted son. No one expected that Caesar would die so suddenly. Anyway, the whole of Rome was confused.

The Bronze Table Law stipulates that clansmen have legal inheritance rights. However, in the royal period, in order to avoid the situation of no heirs, heirs were obtained through "adoption". However, adoption is a complicated process, and the biological father of the child must first give up paternity.

, the child becomes an autonomous person.

Caesar had children of his own. Although his legal wife did not give birth to him, his illegitimate children did, such as the child named Caesarion born to Cleopatra.

I don’t know when, people felt that Mansipasian wills were inappropriate. People wrote their wills in envelopes, sealed them with sealing wax, and gave them to a just person for safekeeping. Caesar’s will was kept in the Vestal Virgins

in hand.

In principle, people need to ensure the validity of the Mansi Pashu ceremony. For example, the five witnesses must be adult Roman citizens, and minors cannot be counted. However, even if it is not performed, the recipient of the property rights will obtain ownership one year later.

, this "inheritance prescription acquisition" system appeared together with the Manxi Pashu ceremony. Even if the husband did not hold the just ceremony with his wife, he will obtain the husband's rights after the expiration of one year.

Octavian was fighting a rebellion in Gaul at the time. If something happened to support him, Caesar's inheritance would be inherited according to the order of heirs in the Bronze Table.

Besides Octavian, there was originally a second heir, but he participated in the assassination of Caesar, and then there was Antony, but he was not the heir, but the executor. The first thing he did was to take away all the members of Caesar's family.

All the gold coins were moved to his own vault.

When Octavian came back to hold Caesar's funeral and distribute money to the Romans according to Caesar's will, he could only see an empty treasury. Later, Octavian asked Antony to ask for it, and Antony was busy with a new military plan.

The money will be paid after he returns home in triumph.

The Greeks saw donations to public works as a way to counteract the negative reactions of wealth, while the Romans preferred the Colosseum and triumphal ceremonies. Caesar was kidnapped by pirates when he was young. The pirates offered him 30 talents, and he laughed.

Then he said he would give them 50 talents, and the pirates immediately treated him as a distinguished guest.

When a person owes too much money, the creditor is reluctant to let him die. Caesar has always been very generous. When he was an alderman, he spent his own money to invite the common people to participate in various entertainment activities and competitive activities.

Although there are many magnificent buildings in Rome, there is no money to buy tickets. No matter how wonderful life is, it has nothing to do with the civilians. Caesar's approach made him loved by the citizens, so when he appeared in the Colosseum wearing a purple silk robe, he faced

The whole audience roared with cheers.

He was also very generous to his mistress. He not only gave her a villa, but also gave her a priceless black pearl necklace.

Cleopatra ate 10,000,000 sesterces for a meal. The most valuable thing was the pearls in her earrings, which she soaked in vinegar and drank.

In addition, there are the army’s bounty and the cost of the triumphal ceremony. Caesar had so many expeditions during his lifetime. Which one did he not spend money on?

Compared with these debts, the money Caesar promised to send to the Romans was not a large amount, but it was not that easy to raise.

Caesar also donated his house to be used as a public place for Roman citizens. Octavian didn't have to donate it even if he didn't want to. There was also another executor, Antony.

Even if most of Caesar's debts had been partially repaid with the loot obtained from the Roman legions' many plunders, the legacy left to Octavian would not have increased Octavian's wealth.

At that time, there was a wealthy man in Rome named Crassus. He was Caesar's biggest creditor, but he had a bad reputation. He was not only engaged in the slave trade, but also illegally seized other people's property.
To be continued...