Chapter 773 Stake

To modern people, town tax is a very unfamiliar thing, but in the Middle Ages, town tax was a very important tax.

At that time, cities had high walls for defense, and they were all built on important roads. If you wanted to take the most convenient road, you had to pay city taxes. If a trading merchant found that his profits were not as good as the taxes, then he would not

Come again.

Two competing devils are better than one angel. The lord wants to increase taxes, but then businessmen will not come. In inland cities, in addition to the tax on farmland and the tax on entering the city, the only thing that can guarantee stable income is salt.

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People must eat salt. If they don't eat salt, they will become like the white-haired girl. When she owes a debt to the Venetians and cannot come up with the money to pay it back, she can only sign a contract and only let the Venetians sell salt.

Merchants are not allowed to buy salt here.

The Genoese bank started later than Venice. The first bite of fat has been taken away by the Venetians. However, they can give preferential treatment to those kings. If they owe money to the Venetians? No problem, the Genoese people will help pay it back. You can go to Genoa to deposit money.

Loan.

Siege is not an easy task. Venice is surrounded by the sea, forming a natural moat. The army cannot enter the city without the help of sea ships. At least those knights wearing armor and riding horses may not necessarily think of "pontoon bridge".

"this thing.

Venice has no city walls because it is a trading city, but ships must pay taxes if they want to enter Venice for trade. The customs building in front of Notre Dame de Ancon is used to prevent merchant ships from entering the city without paying taxes.

The lagoon itself also serves as a "primitive natural labyrinth". Once an enemy invades, the residents of the Republic of Venice will block the entrance and exit with chains, ropes, and boats, and attack the enemy behind the built towers, fortresses, and fences.

And remove the navigation road signs or turn off the navigation lights. Due to the complicated underwater conditions at this time, the enemy's ships can easily run aground without anyone's guidance and become unable to move. This has become a situation where they can only be beaten and unable to fight back. Soldiers of the Republic of Venice

You can also sneak attack or surprise enemies through the complex terrain of the lagoon.

But Venice still has city walls, and they are guarding against the Genoese. The cities without walls are also limited to the peripheral lagoon parts, and the inland areas of the Republic of Venice, such as Mestre, Treviso, Trevignano, etc.

The city still has city walls, the navy can land, and siege equipment can be transported by ship. Moreover, the Genoese occasionally appear as pirates. The relationship between the two countries is at odds with each other, but it is still superficially harmonious. It is so hypocritical that people cannot bear to look at it.

The St. Paul District was developed relatively late. The Grand Canal is shaped like an inverse "S". This shape represents miracles and mystery, just like Slytherin's snake logo.

As long as there is prime land along the canal, most of the palaces along the canal were built from the 14th to 16th centuries. However, the San Paolo district in Venice was inhabited by poor people in the 9th century.

There is real land in Sao Paulo. It is not like driving down wooden piles to create new land. It is much cheaper to build houses in this kind of land.

It is very close to the ** Bridge, the former slum red light district, and the houses in this area are also extremely dense, which is where the poor live.

Coming here from the extremely luxurious Palazzo Rezzonico, you feel like you have arrived in another world. Perhaps it is because of this that the venue for the Carnival Masquerade is here instead of Piazza San Marco.

There is no doubt that the security situation in the slums is chaotic. Linda the fragrant cat was dismembered, stuffed into a suitcase, and then thrown into the lagoon.

She was a tourist, maybe one person, caught by malicious gangsters; maybe two people, brutally murdered by her lover.

The place where her body was dumped was the Soul Casino, which was remote and rarely visited by locals. However, the place where she was kidnapped could be anywhere in the city. She thought it was possible that locals wearing masks were maintaining traditional culture. He's a murderer on the loose.

Rich people will look for excitement when life is boring. Anyway, no one knows who the other person is when they wear a mask.

Carnival is more than just a carnival for human beings. The price of freedom is vigilance. There are also devils like Jack the Ripper who wear human skin in London. The masquerade is a perfect place for them to find prey.

There are many modern buildings in St. Paul's Square now. After all, not all houses need protection like churches and palaces. The moment she saw them, Pomona lost hope of finding clues.

Old cities like Venice, which are specially protected by the sea, cannot stop excavators and reinforced concrete.

"Would Peruzzi build a bank in a slum?" Monica asked Gianluca. The Sao Paulo district was not far from her grandmother's house.

"There is a royal palace nearby." Severus looked at the tourist map and said, "Let's go and have a look in that area."

"This place has been renovated and can no longer be found." Pomona said without hope.

"If I buy a house and find a basement, I will keep it." Severus said, "There must have been a lot of factories in this area."

"How do you know?" Monica asked.

Severus curled his lips and smiled meaningfully, "This place is very much like my neighborhood."

Pomona looked at the people in weird costumes.

Wearing an emerald green witch's robe and a witch's hat, Minerva blending in will not be as abrupt as walking in Muggle London. She is not "crazy" at all and looks extremely "normal".

Beginning in the 13th century, northern Italian city-states developed due to maritime trade, wool and textile industries. However, wool produced in Italy was cheap but too hard in texture. Woolen fabrics were far less soft than silk fabrics and could only supply local demand.

In addition to spices, the commodities imported into Italy include rice, oranges, apricots, figs, raisins, spices, potions, dyes such as hematoxylin, magenta, and alum, as well as cotton and raw silk. When the silk weaving industry first developed in Italy and then in France As the south developed, the import of raw silk also increased like cotton. Brocades from Damascus, shrines from Baghdad, gauze from Mosul, and cotton yarn from Gaza shipped to Europe for sale were also very popular.

There is a famous painting depicting the market in the Plaza de São Paulo. Cloth is mainly sold on the ground, and there are many styles of women's clothes. Southwest Spain has a Mediterranean climate, and the summers are hot and dry, providing sufficient heat for the growth of cotton.

The emergence of new materials allowed the Italian textile industry to transform from wool textiles to cotton textiles, and sails also began to be used in large quantities.

In the 15th century, the Ottoman Empire occupied Constantinople and Crimea in 1475, which cut off the east-west trade routes and dealt a huge blow to the commerce in northern Italy. Especially after the great geographical discovery, the trade routes

Changes and the development of commerce in other parts of Europe caused Italian merchants and commerce to lose their special status and role, and Mediterranean trade began to decline.

The impressive castles on what is now Crimea were built with credit from the banks of Genoa. Crimea is on the Adriatic Sea. In the early 16th century, Genoese bankers had established relationships with Europe's most influential

The feudal lords established good relations, including tax-free rights for some goods.

The church has tax-free privileges, which gives the wine produced by the church a more price advantage than ordinary wineries. The Venetians also have it, but the wine they sell at that time is no longer an ancient grape variety like Dorona.

The wine made from that grape is golden yellow and has a very dry taste. It looks like champagne or elixir. From the second half of the 12th century, the woolen fabrics produced in Flanders and northern France became exported by Italian merchants.

The main commodity, Genoa has also become a major port exporting woolen goods to the East.

The Champagne Fair is a cross-border market trade center formed in the territory of the Count of Champagne in France from the 12th to the 14th century. It is located in the northeast of France, bordering Germany to the east, Flanders to the north, between Italy and Flanders, and between Germany and Germany.

The intersection of two routes between Spain. Eastern goods from Italy and goods from Northern Europe converge here, thus becoming one of the European commercial centers. Markets are held regularly every year in Proven, Lanni, and Troux in the territory.

Four cities including Wa and Bashur-Ober held the event in turn.

Market trade was an important form of commodity exchange in medieval Europe. It was a trading center, especially a wholesale trade center. The market was protected by the local lord and paid taxes to the lord. A market lasted from several days to several months, and each city

Generally no more than twice a year.

At that time, land transportation in Europe was not safe, and "Robin Hoods" often blocked roads and robbed them. The Count of Champagne tried his best to ensure the safety of merchants in the market and the safety of the roads leading to Champagne.

Each market in Champagne is strictly organized, with a market court composed of one citizen and one knight to adjudicate disputes. The first week of the market is when merchants from all over the city come to set up stalls on the streets of the city, followed by 10 days of cloth trading

There are 11 days of woolen trade and 11 days of leather trade, followed by 19 days of other various groceries, and finally a few days for checkout.

Under the protection and patronage of the Counts of Champagne and Brie, Champagne markets will be held along fixed, predictable routes between the four major cities according to annual religious festivals, including the four cities in the territory of the Counts of Champagne.

Each of the six markets is held for at least six weeks. There is an interval of one to two weeks between each market to allow merchants to move their goods, so that there are markets throughout the year in the Count of Champagne.

Until King Philip IV of France took control of the territory of the Count of Champagne and forcibly implemented the king's financial measures, the Count of Champagne could no longer collect more taxes from market trade, and merchants also felt unprofitable due to the king's heavy taxes.

The maritime trade route from Italy to Northern Europe has been opened, which can replace the land trade transport across the Alps, and the Champagne market has gradually declined.

In 1337, the Hundred Years War broke out between England and France, which destroyed the tranquility of Champagne and greatly affected the market trade. In addition, with the development of commerce, banking, and credit, merchants began to hold bank accounts in Flanders or Bruges.

It is much more convenient to conduct money transactions than in the market, and with the development of production and commerce, goods are gradually standardized, and merchants do not need to go to the market to inspect the goods before completing the transaction; wealthy merchants gradually send out their own agents

To do business, you don’t have to go to the market in person.

When the Templars wanted to transfer money from France to Venice, they did not necessarily have to transfer it directly to the Venetian bank. They might also transfer it from Crimea through a Genoese bank.

The Knights Templar and the Knights Hospitaller were the king's big creditors in France, owning thousands of castles and huge wealth. The king and bishops were therefore envious and jealous. King Philip IV of France fabricated charges of "heresy" to eradicate them.

In 1312, King Philip IV of France made a request, and Pope Clement V announced the dissolution of the Knights Templar. The Portuguese Knights were renamed the Society of Jesus, no longer engaged in military missions, and evolved into an ordinary religious order focusing on overseas missions.

.The possessions of the Spanish and Portuguese orders were transferred to two new orders: the Spanish Order of Montesa and the Portuguese Order of Christ.

In ancient times, many people in the East and West hated merchants, thinking that they were only interested in profit and had no faith and loyalty.

Sometimes businessmen are not clear-headed, evade taxes when they should pay taxes, and have vulgar taste and arty taste. But if the king and nobles treat them as piggy banks and kill them all, they will destroy themselves.

The same champagne market can flourish in the hands of the Count of Champagne, but decline in the hands of a "beautiful man".

Heavy taxes will drive away some people. Tourists who are used to no city entry tax will feel uncomfortable when they suddenly find themselves being taxed, which seriously affects the mood of the visit. After regaining consciousness, they start to think and spend 80 just to take a few photos.

Who would do it for a few hundred euros or even a few hundred euros?

Those large cruise ships that emit sulfuric acid, if the income they bring to Venice is less than the cost of maintaining the city, then romantic Venice will also be driven away from tourists.

Time is also one of the costs. If the commute time is too long, people will often rent a house in another place. The woman who used a flower pot to prevent the rebellion in 1310 got a 158-year promise not to raise the rent. She did not get "forever".

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If he owns a house, for example, if he inherits an inheritance, then why should he spend extra money to rent a house to work?

There is low-cost labor in the slums, and these people can walk to work in the workshops. Unless the owner of a distant workshop is willing to pay more, why would she choose to go far away?

The motto of the Knights Templar is Godwillsit.

The fundamental feature of capitalism is private ownership. The legitimacy of private property is not self-evident. For a very long time, private ownership has been shackled. Ethics, religion, and politics all have reasons to oppose private property.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wanted to fight against the Xiongnu and called on all merchants to donate money. If the merchants refused to contribute to this issue of national justice, were they morally corrupt?

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's method of fighting the Huns was to move his army around in the desert and attack the Huns when they encountered them. During the march, a large amount of logistical supplies would be consumed. When the food was eaten, the horses would be eaten. If he could get the merchants to find out the Huns through trade,

If customs, such as the rules of trade fairs, are targeted and targeted, then the treasury will not be drained.

In the First Han-Hungarian War, only Wei Qing achieved results. The Dragon City he attacked was the place where the Huns worshiped heaven.

An Lushan used to be in the market. He is a Sogdian, and the Sogdians are also natural merchants. They trade with the Turkic tribes on the border, transporting furs from the north to the south, and then transporting silk from the south to the north. He

He was very familiar with the situation in the Northeast during the Tang Dynasty, which was directly related to his success in the Northeast.

Everyone has jealousy, not just humans, but also Asuras and Emperors Shakti. They are jealous of what others have but do not have themselves. Queen Hera is also jealous of Zeus's lovers, but she cannot lose her reason and make wrong judgments because of jealousy.

During the French Revolution, the sans-culottes were incited by the bourgeoisie to fight against the feudal aristocracy. However, the Revolution did not end human inequality. The social contradictions turned into rich and poor people, speculators who disrupted order, and ordinary civilians who abided by order.
To be continued...