Princess Changle (AD 621-643), named Li Lizhi, was the eldest daughter of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty and the son of Queen Changsun. She was the fifth daughter of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty.

Introduction:

Li Lizhi was intelligent and cheerful, kind-hearted, famous for her beauty and good at calligraphy and painting. She was deeply loved by Li Shimin and Empress Changsun. In the second year of Zhenguan (AD 6), she was granted the title of princess of Changle County and was granted the title of 3,000 households.

In the seventh year of Zhenguan (633 AD), Princess Changle married the son of Changsun Wuji. When Changsun Chong, Shaoqing Zongzheng came forward to hand over the dowry to Princess Changle, Li Shimin ordered that the dowry should be doubled according to the size of the dowry given by his younger sister Princess Yongjia when she got married. Because Wei Zheng asked Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty to ennoble the princes, but only half of the emperor's sons remonstrated and gave up. Therefore, Empress Changsun specially gave 40 pieces of silk and 400,000 yuan to Wei Zheng as a reward.

In the eighth year of Zhenguan (634 AD), Princess Changle officially married Changsun Chong.

In the thirteenth year of Zhenguan (AD 639), Taizong ordered the ministers of the clan to attack the governor. After the ministers' remonstrances were ineffective, Changsun Wuji made a concession and asked his daughter-in-law, Princess Changle, to invite Taizong. After some coquettishness, Taizong The imperial edict was issued and the emperor was appointed as the governor.

Princess Changle inherited the qi disease from her parents. On August 10, the 17th year of Zhenguan (AD 643), she died of qi disease at the age of 23 and was buried in Zhaoling. Taizong lamented that his daughter died of illness at a young age and cried bitterly for many times. I still feel that my grief is uncontrollable and I cannot control myself.

Tomb of Princess Changle:

The tomb of Princess Changle is only separated from the Zhaoling Mausoleum by a ditch. Instead of following the standard of only one stone gate for the main tomb of a concubine, three stone gates were used to create a tomb similar to the mausoleum specifications of Tomb No. 1.

On November 1, 1991, the tomb of Princess Changle of the Tang Dynasty was opened to the public. The total length of the tomb passage is 48.18 meters. You can see the patio, passages, niches, corridors, and tomb chambers. There are exquisite murals on both sides of the tomb passage, and pottery figurines are placed in the niches. and other funerary objects. The murals depict soaring black dragons, roaring white tigers, galloping horses, and a large number of patterns such as armor, ceremonial guards, ladies, male attendants, etc., especially the "Chariots and Horses in the Clouds" in the tomb passage is the most outstanding: in Rui In the clouds of air, a red wooden carriage driven by two horses is running. The hood is decorated with a dragon head, and the top of the yoke is decorated with red tassels. There are five red flags on each side of the rear of the carriage. There are three people sitting in the carriage, one of whom is an old man with a fluttering beard. , sitting upright in the center, with a peaceful and lifelike expression; there is a mojie on the lower left side of the carriage, with its mouth open and tongue extended, and its fins and tail complete. It is a rare and excellent work among the Tang tomb murals. The second time you pass the three-story building above the entrance of the cave, It not only shows the superb painting skills of the Tang Dynasty, but also provides new evidence for the study of the politics, economy, culture and architecture of the Tang Dynasty.

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Princess Changle——Glory shines in the morning, who doesn’t want to be beautiful

In the fourth year of Wude (AD 621), Princess Qin’s eldest son, Sun Shi, gave birth to a daughter. She ranked fifth among all the sisters, and she was named Lizhi—a name that arouses imagination.

When the daughter of the Li family grew up, Li Shimin couldn't help but feel proud of her daughter's name, because the princess lived up to her name, was naturally beautiful, and was a stunningly beautiful woman. Zhiwen praised her highly: "Princess Zi Shuling" Yu Chenji, gave his instructions to Xuanyao... As bright as the night moon shining on Qionglin, as bright as the morning glow reflecting on Zhupu." The free translation is: "The princess is like a fairy, bringing extraordinary spiritual energy. Go to the palace; inherit the admonitions of your parents and teachers, cultivate your moral character... Noble, pure, graceful and refined, just like the moonlight shining on the lush woods; bright and dazzling, like the morning rays shining on the Pearl River." The words are gorgeous, the writing is thoughtful, and it is catchy to read. Although the author's name is unknown, it must have been the emperor's order to write an article for the princess, and the author must be a famous person in the world.

Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty loved calligraphy all his life, and many of his children were good at calligraphy. Li Lizhi was famous for her beauty and elegance, and was good at painting. "(Princess) scattered jade scrolls on the silk curtains, hanging in the mirror to make the light shine; shining silver calligraphy on colored paper,

The spring flowers cover up the beauty." The translation is as follows: "Unfolding the picture scroll written by the princess, the hanging mirror becomes dim; showing the calligraphy written by the princess, even the spring flowers are covered up in beauty." Jade bones become springs over time.

Under the soil, the ink marks are still like the dust between the walls. In 1986, archaeological workers discovered a porcelain inkstone in the tomb of Princess Changle - Piyong Inkstone. Piyong was a university established by the Zhou Dynasty for the children of nobles; there was water around it.

It is named after it is shaped like a bihuan. In Yang Shidao's poem "Yong Inkstone", there is a sentence: "The round pond is like Bishui, and the light pen is dyed with smoke." What is chanted is the Piyong Inkstone. This square inkstone was a practical thing used by Li Lizhi during her lifetime.

, when it was unearthed, there were still some ink marks left in the string patterns around the surface of the inkstone, and there were traces of long-term grinding on the surface of the inkstone, which shows that the calligraphy style in the Tang Palace was flourishing at that time, and the princess was worthy of the epitaph's praise of her calligraphy and painting talents.

Li Lizhi was smart, cheerful, gentle and courteous. In addition, she was virtuous, benevolent and filial to her friends. Naturally, Li Shimin and his wife loved her like pearls. In the second year of Zhenguan (AD 6), Li Lizhi, who was only eight years old, became the first person to be granted a title in the new dynasty.

One of the princesses, she was granted the title of Princess of Changle County, and she was granted the title of 3,000 households. Four years later, the princess reached the marriageable age. As the saying goes, the emperor's daughter has no worries about getting married, not to mention someone as talented and beautiful as Li Lizhi.

As for the beauty, everyone is guessing who will be the lucky one.

After several social turmoils, in the Tang Dynasty, many of the gentry class formed since the Wei and Jin Dynasties were in decline. They had to put down their arrogance and exchange their fame for the money of the new rich from poor families. One was to seek fame and the other was to seek wealth, so the gentry sold their

Marriage became a common practice. In order to solve this problem, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty ordered the revision of the "Chronicles of the Clan" and rearranged the ranking of the noble clans, with the royal family as the first class and relatives as the second class. He himself set an example, "The princess and the son-in-law should all be regarded as nobles."

The family of a distinguished official is not as good as the old Shandong clan." According to this standard, the candidate for the prince-in-law was quickly decided on - Changsun Chong, the son of the uncle Changsun Wuji. In the process of preparing for the marriage, a "charming" old man jumped into the generals.

Come out and say no to the emperor.

Everything was well prepared. In the seventh year of Zhenguan (633 AD), Princess Changle officially married Sun Chong, the eldest son of Zongzheng Shaoqing. The Tang Dynasty was strong and the people were wealthy, so weddings were about ostentation, and the basic style was mainly festive and extravagant. In the sixth year of Zhenguan,

, Wei Ting, the imperial censor, once criticized the fashion of the times: "Today's rich nobles may play orchestral music at the beginning of their marriage to have a great feast; they only compete for luxury and ignore the "Li" scripture. This is not the so-called way of heirs.

Think of the meaning of separation. The foundation of the beginning is really here. If you don't teach righteousness, you will be afraid that the wind will blow harder." If the nobles and wealthy people are like this, the marriage of the imperial family and descendants is even more unlikely to be a small move, it can be called

It was a grand event that attracted everyone's attention both inside and outside the imperial court.

The bride was thirteen years old at that time, which happened to be the age when Queen Changsun came out of the cabinet. Maybe she had the same mood as her mother. Changsun Chong was Wuji's eldest son and should be several years older than the princess. The cousins ​​had been together since childhood.

Growing up, the childhood sweetheart's expectation of "the concubine's hair first fell over her forehead, and the flowers were folded in front of the door; the man came riding a bamboo horse, and went around the bed to make green plums" gradually turned into the expectation of "a good time is like a dream". Cousin marriage has existed in ancient China

, was also very common in the Tang Dynasty. Nowadays, when a man is in love and a concubine is interested, it is natural for the parents of both parties to get married.

Uncle Changsun Guojiu was very lucky. His eldest daughter-in-law was very virtuous. She always respected her parents-in-law and took care of the family with courtesy, so "the family was upright." (I heard Fang Xuanling sigh: They are both the emperor's favored daughters.

, why is the gap so big?) The epitaph also uses the ancient wives Boji and Zhenjiang to praise the princess for her integrity of observing etiquette and trustworthiness, so that she can "sow grace in the boudoir and spread grace in the country."

After the princess and the consort got married, the sweet life of loving each other and lingering in beauty and beauty passed by day by day, and the hand of time pointed to the seventeenth year of Zhenguan.

AD 643 was destined to be an unforgettable year for Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. He almost spent a year with difficulty in the pain of mourning his son and daughter.

In March of this year, King Li You of Qi rebelled in Qizhou, Shandong. Taizong sent Li Ji to attack, and the rebellion was put down that month. Li You and more than 40 people were executed. However, the matter was far from over. The emperor also became rebellious.

Prince Li Chengqian, Chengqian didn’t know who he was, and his luck was too bad. In a word, he had no destiny as emperor after all. His best friend He Gan Chengji was spreading everywhere, not only betting on the prince, but also being implicated in Li You’s rebellion.

He was interrogated by Dali Temple, and he deserved death. In order to save his life, Chengji confessed that the prince had conspired to launch a coup. On April 6, Taizong ordered Chengqian to be deposed as a commoner and imprisoned in the Youling Military Mansion; Li Yuanchang, Hou Junji and others

was executed. The prince was deposed. Wei Wang Li Tai could no longer sit still. When he was excited, he resorted to a stupid move and ran to threaten Li Zhi. Seeing that the scene of fratricide was about to be staged in the Tang Palace again, Taizong weighed it again and decided to depose him.

Li Tai made Jin King Li Zhi the crown prince. Soon after, Li Tai was demoted to Shunyang County Prince and sent to Junzhou (today's Yun County, Hubei Province) in September.

In June or July, Princess Changle suddenly fell ill and could not be cured for a long time. This disease has a long story... Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, which often causes complications of the heart, brain, kidneys and other organs; it is not only a disease nowadays

One of the biggest epidemics in the world was also the biggest epidemic in the Tang emperor's family. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty suffered from a disease called "wind disease", and its symptoms were high blood pressure. "Hou Su had Qi disease"

, "Ci'en and Hanyuan Hall are directly opposite each other. Emperor Gaozong suffered from heartache in both hands every day. He knew that Queen Wende often suffered from heart disease, which was caused by her silence. So she built a temple and a pagoda, and wanted to sit in court and face each other's ears. "Qi disease.

"Similar to respiratory diseases, "the bitterness of holding one's heart" seems to refer to heart disease, both of which are typical complications of high blood pressure. In other words, Queen Changsun also suffers from high blood pressure, but high blood pressure is a familial genetic disease.

.This is fatal. Their children all carry this genetic gene. The characteristics of the disease are early onset, rapid progression of the disease, and extremely high mortality in severe cases.

Princess Changle was the first of her legitimate children to be killed by a hereditary disease. Taizong once said: "I have qi disease, which causes me to have severe symptoms during the summer." It can be seen that the patient could not stand the heat. It was midsummer, and the princess' condition was getting worse day by day.

Just like her mother, she could not survive that summer. On August 10, the princess suddenly passed away at the age of twenty-three. Her marriage had just entered its tenth year, but the young couple could not

Waiting for the day when we grow old together.

Li Shimin, who had experienced many blows, could no longer control his emotions when facing the death of his beloved daughter. "The emperor mourned his death deeply, and he was still pregnant with the third child." (Taizong lamented that his daughter died of illness at a young age and cried bitterly many times.

I still feel uncontrollably sad and unable to control myself.)

On September 7, Cheng Qian was spared from death and exiled to the remote Qianzhou (today's Pengshui County, Chongqing City). Although the history books say that Taizong obeyed Lai Ji's treatment of Cheng Qian, "He will not lose his loving father at the top, and he will get everything he can from below."

"Tian Nian" suggestion, but I believe that it was Taizong's original plan to let his son "live to the end of his life". He asked everyone for their opinions because he wanted someone to say this for him. Taizong couldn't do anything to deal with his legitimate son. Who can

In less than a month, he received the news of his son's death - Cheng Qian died in the exile on October 1! In this way, Cheng Qian did not exceed 25 days from leaving Chang'an to his death. The straight-line distance from Chang'an to Qianzhou

It was about 1,100 kilometers, during which he had to cross the Qinling Mountains and cross the Yangtze River. According to the traffic conditions at the time, it can be said that he died a few days after arriving in Qianzhou. Chengqian was only 25 years old at the time, and he was still young. If unnatural death is not considered, it is reasonable.

The explanation is that he contracted an illness on the way to the resettlement, coupled with his poor mood...or maybe just one was enough, and he was depressed to death.

For Taizong, this is nothing more than exposing his house to the rain, adding insult to injury. (God seems to be deliberately testing his mental toughness index. Ordinary people would probably go crazy, right?) Even if Cheng Qian has a thousand sins, he is still Li Shimin.

My once beloved son. How should I bear the pain of losing a son? I no longer have the strength to cry loudly, so just sit in silence and cry. I suddenly remembered the joy and satisfaction when I had a son...

On September 21, Emperor Taizong ordered Wei Ting, the minister of Honglu, to be the principal guardian of the funeral, and Cui Renshi, the young minister of Honglu, to be the deputy guardian of the funeral, and to bury Princess Changle in the Zhaoling Mausoleum.

The ancients valued death as much as life. When his daughter was alive, Li Shimin wished he could give her all the best things in the world, and the same would be true after death. There are five stone gates in the Xuan Palace of Zhaoling, and the tombs of noble relatives, heroes and concubines generally only have one stone gate.

.Only Princess Changle was buried in a special burial, and there were three stone gates in the tomb corridor. This is the only example among the tombs that have been excavated in Zhaoling. Among the entire tombs that have been excavated in the Tang Dynasty, there are only "tombs with mausoleums". According to

This is the case in the tomb of Prince Yide, where the emperor is buried. Obviously, Taizong arranged the highest-standard funeral for his daughter. It is not difficult for us to feel Li Shimin's simplest feelings as a father.

At the beginning of building the tomb, the craftsmen deliberately left a patio so that the prince-in-law could be buried with the princess in the future. However, things are unpredictable. 16 years later, a disaster befell the Changsun family. Changsun Chong, who was the secretary-supervisor at the time, was exiled to Lingnan.

The burial place is still unknown, and her wish to be buried with her wife has come to naught. If the princess has any regrets in her life, it is probably that she could not be a mother. Perhaps because of her health problems, she did not give birth to a boy and a girl.

Changsun Chong's son, Changsun Yan, should have been born to a second wife or a side wife. It was unfortunate for the princess to die young, but it seemed lucky for her that she did not have to experience the disaster that her husband's family would suffer in the future.

More than 1,300 years later, two murals titled "Cars and Horses Seeing Off" (also known as "Cars and Horses in the Clouds") were unearthed and caused a sensation. As shown in the picture, a car is seen driving in the water, and one side is inserted diagonally on each side of the back of the car.

A red seven-flag banner with a kuzu flag painted on it; a two-horse carriage, with two people sitting on it, one young and one long; there is a mojie (Sanskrit, referring to a big fish) in the lower left corner of the carriage, with its mouth and tongue stretched out, blowing.

Water drops are splashing around. The carriages and horses are surrounded by clouds of auspicious air. The mural is imitated from the "Ode to the Goddess of the Luo", a masterpiece handed down by Gu Kaizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. This theme is unique among many Tang tomb murals across the country. The whole picture appears fluid and flying, with a lofty artistic conception.

, the atmosphere is so diverse that people can’t help but sigh that this is the color that the Tang Dynasty should have!

"Pictures of Luo Shen Fu" is a comic book adapted and drawn by Gu Kaizhi based on Cao Zhi's famous "Luo Shen Fu". Cao Zhi wrote in the preface: "In the third year of Huangchu, Yu Chao, the capital, returned to Luochuan. The ancients have a saying, it is like water.

The god’s name is Mi Fei.” Mi Fei is the daughter of Fu Xi in ancient mythology. She drowned in Luoshui and became the god of Luo Shui. Li Shan, a scholar in the early Tang Dynasty, believes that the Mi Fei written by Cao Zhi is actually the author’s own dream lover.

Zhen. It is said that Cao Zhi has always admired Yuan Xi's wife Zhen, but Zhen was adopted by Cao Pi as his concubine. In the third year of Huang Chu's reign, when Cao Zhi was in the imperial court, Zhen had been killed by Empress Guo. Cao Pi used the jade relics of Zhen to

The engraved gold pillow showed that Cao Zhi saw the object and thought about it, and wept with emotion. On his way home, he dreamed that Zhen was crying to him about the injustice that Empress Guo had stuffed his password with chaff and suffocated to death. He also used the jade and gold pillow.

The gift symbolizes his pursuit and persistence of pure love. After waking up from the dream, Cao Zhi had mixed feelings, so he assumed the name of Concubine Mi and wrote "Gan Zhen Fu". Later, Emperor Wei Ming Cao Rui changed "Gan Zhen Fu" to "Luo Shen Fu"

". As soon as the "Luo Shen Fu Picture" was painted, it immediately became a peerless treasure that people rushed to copy. One of them depicts Concubine Mi appearing in a car on the Luoshui River. "Whale salamanders are jumping around and clamping their hubs, and waterfowl are flying.

Wei." The layout of the picture of "Carriage and Horses Seeing Off" is very similar to it, except that there is no princess in the car.

According to the system of the Tang Dynasty, the princess was of the first rank, and she drove a horse with two horses when traveling. The flags with seven feathers were used by high officials in ancient times, and were equivalent to the status of the princess. On the day of the funeral, the flags were placed in front of the soul to guide the souls of the dead, so they were painted

The car in it is for the exclusive use of the princess. From this, researchers have two speculations about the content of the mural:

The first speculation is that Luo Shen is the Zhen family in Cao Zhi's heart, and the princess is Mi Fei in the eyes of the consort. On the one hand, the murals imply that the princess has extraordinary beauty like Mi Fei; on the other hand, it reflects the princess's soul riding in the car, such as Luo Shen riding in the car with the concubine Mi.

Just as Cao Zhi met in a dream, he would also appear in the consort's dream, expressing Changsun Chong's infinite attachment and sorrow for the princess.

The second speculation is that the mural is based on the story of Mo Jie escorting pilgrims to the West across the river in the Buddhist scriptures, and artistically represents the scene of Princess Changle's soul riding in a car and rushing to the Western Paradise under the escort of the gods.

No matter which interpretation we prefer, they are all kind and beautiful wishes.

Cars and horses in the clouds, send you back. I hope the princess can find long-term peace and happiness in the kingdom of heaven just like her title.

Historical records record:

New Tang Book:

Princess Changle married Changsun Chong. The emperor was born to Empress Changsun, so some ministers were ordered to dress up as the eldest princess and pay twice as much as the eldest princess. Wei Zheng said: "In the past, Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty named the kings and said: 'How can my son be the same as the son of the previous emperor?' But then

The eldest princess, respect the princess. There are differences in the system, how can it be crossed?" After the emperor said this, he said: "I have heard that your majesty is generous with gifts and conquests, but I don't know it. Now that I heard his words, I accept the Lord's righteousness and the ministers of the country.
To be continued...