The guild hall has a long history.
The Han Dynasty had a residence in Chang'an, the Tang Dynasty had a memorial hall, the Song Dynasty had a dynasty courtyard, but the Ming Dynasty did not have one. It was only a private guild hall, but it was only for the use of the gentry. Those who moved out to serve the dynasty would not be able to live in it.
The guild hall follows the development trend and also has corresponding characteristics of the times.
Since it is a private institution, there are distances between relatives. Therefore, it generally only receives people from the same hometown, and the name is also based on the place, such as the Quan Jin Guild Hall, the Quan Chu Guild Hall, the Huizhou Guild Hall, etc.
The geographical attributes are too strong, so it is obviously not suitable to invite colleagues to hold literary conferences.
Fortunately, there is another kind of guild hall whose regional attributes are not so strong, that is, the guild hall with Buddhist and Taoist names and "believers" investing in it. Generally, it is called this temple or that palace. If you pay homage to the Taoist and Buddha, all comers will be welcome.
Tonight, Gu Xiancheng chose Sanyang Palace as the place to hold the literary meeting.
Sanyang Palace is three rooms wide and has three courtyards deep. There is a lotus pond connecting each of the three rooms.
When you first enter, there must be a mountain gate at the entrance. The archway is a bluestone imitation wood structure with six columns, five bays and seven floors. There is an arched door on the north and south sides. When you enter the front yard, there is the Zhenjun Hall in the middle. In addition, the north of the hall is for lectures.
Hall, with Jingyang Temple to the south, etc., with a full facade.
On the second entrance, there is an atrium in the middle, a theater with a mountain-style tile roof, and the Yulong Hall on the other side, separated to the left and right of the atrium.
…
A sparrow got separated from the large army and happened to pass by the second courtyard of Sanyang Palace.
The sparrow stood high up, its eyes reflected the lanterns and colorful decorations in the atrium, full of the spirit of the New Year; it flew across the Nine-Step Immortal Bridge, and heard the voices of students chatting in twos and threes; and finally landed under the eaves of a two-story building.
It looked inside curiously.
I saw only one person standing on the stage chatting impassionedly.
"The title of a scholar is a person with ambition, and there is no one who is not eager to save the world."
"When an official is resolute, his thoughts are not about the king and his father; when an official is entrusted with a territory, his thoughts are not about the people; when he is in twos and threes, he cares about life and death, his thoughts are not about the world. Even if there is beauty in others, a gentleman will despise him."
Gu Xiancheng just stood in the field and naturally attracted everyone's attention.
Especially today, he specially dressed up and dressed up in a white jacket and brocade robe, which was not resistant to the cold weather. The wide sleeves were fluttering.
Coupled with the arrogance and ambition in his words - even though his status is not high, he is determined to save the world. On the contrary, he looks down upon those who have high status but have no intention of saving the world.
This demeanor, this temperament, he is a natural leader.
Someone in the audience immediately asked: "If you are in a high position, you may not have ambitions. Since Gu Jun said this, he must be someone with ambitions. How do you think Mr. Gu can save the world?"
Gu Xiancheng saluted the person who asked the question and praised: "Good question."
He looked around and said loudly: "The world is not in trouble without political affairs, but it is in trouble without academics. Which one is it?"
"Political affairs depend on their people, and people depend on their hearts."
"If academics are right, then the mind is right, and if the mind is right, then it comes from the heart and leads to political affairs. Is there anything wrong with that?"
"Therefore, scholars are the moral foundation of all peoples and the foundation of the world."
“In the last days, not only do you not know how to improve your morality through learning, but you also want to forbid learning. How can the world be in peace?”
"..."
Why is the world in chaos?
It’s because of academic misconduct!
Morality and political affairs are all derivatives of academics. If they are fundamentally corrupted, morality and political affairs will be corrupted along with them.
Then, it is very clear how to save the world, Xian Zhengxue!
If academics are good, mental skills will naturally improve, everyone will understand benevolence, righteousness and morality, dignitaries will perform their duties, and the world will naturally prosper.
At the same time, he also appropriately expressed his opinions on the emperor's ban on officials giving lectures.
Everyone in the audience cheered, pondered, or discussed with each other.
At this time, a sentence came from somewhere: "Gu Jun means that after becoming an official, political affairs will not be at the bottom, but the real job will be to give lectures?"
Gu Xiancheng invited many colleagues, so he was naturally not afraid of questioning.
He didn't look at who was asking the question, and shook his head with a smile on his lips: "The so-called politics begins with learning, takes politics as learning, learning is in politics, politics and learning are integrated, and the mind is peaceful and the government is peaceful."
"This is a mutually reinforcing relationship. If you don't learn, you can't do politics. To do politics, you must study diligently."
"Taking politics as a learning, everything should be done without resistance. Everyone believes that he is a virtuous official. It can be said that he lives up to what he has learned."
The so-called cultural meetings, of course, have different names, such as chanting things, playing music together, or preaching.
As a candidate for examination and a quasi-jinshi, naturally he would not participate in all literary events.
The reason why so many people gathered today is naturally because of the theme of this cultural conference, which is closely related to being an official.
One is the title.
As the saying goes, one person is short-sighted and everyone is wise. At this stage of the test, memorizing the questions behind closed doors has long been ineffective. Instead, you have to work on the questions before the test and practice each other's tests, so that you can occasionally have an idea and make great progress.
Therefore, before each examination, the literary gatherings held by these star candidates are similar to study groups.
Of course, this stage is over.
Now that we have entered the next stage, everyone will definitely be admitted to the Jinshi. So, how can we be a good official, a wise minister, and a person useful to the country?
Although it is too early to start talking about this kind of thing before taking the exam, in the eyes of outsiders.
As everyone knows, this is the difference between high-end literary societies and low-end study groups - precisely because we are all sure of it, we have to consider these issues in advance.
After Gu Xiancheng finished his answer, he continued.
But I heard the voice that had just asked was heard again: "Your Majesty previously scolded Zhao Jun, the editor of the Hanlin Academy, for neglecting his duties and giving lectures."
"So, in Gu Jun's view, your Majesty has hindered Hanlin Zhao Jun's desire to save the world?"
Gu Xiancheng's expression did not change when he heard this, but he smiled coldly in his heart.
With this kind of public teaching, one is most afraid of being tricked into saying inappropriate things.
In severe cases, academies and guild halls will be closed down.
But these villains have no idea who is behind them for opening the forum today. Such shady actions only make them look as ridiculous as clowns.
Gu Xiancheng not only did not shy away from this sensitive issue at all, but instead smiled and said radiantly: "That's right."
"It is better to rectify the moral character of people's hearts than to use all kinds of tricks and tactics."
"If we do not lift the ban on learning and uphold morality, I am afraid that the government of the imperial court will become worse and worse, and the governance of the world will be in greater danger."
He even said it clearly today: Let's see if the government servants of Shuntian Prefecture and the soldiers of the Wucheng Army and Horses Division dare to come and cause trouble tonight.
I heard that voice sound again, and said in an exaggerated tone: "Could it be said that if the court does not listen to Mr. Zhao, the Ming Dynasty will soon be destroyed?"
These words were said with ulterior motives, and Gu Xiancheng's face immediately turned cold.
Finally, he stopped worrying about face and started to look around to see who was so sinister.
The students in the audience also frowned.
The guy who asked the question is a little too ignorant. Don't let everyone be unable to participate in the cultural gathering.
Li Sancai gestured to Gu Xiancheng, instructing the latter to pester him for a moment or two so that he could identify who was looking for trouble.
I don't know if Gu Xiancheng saw Li Sancai's gesture, or if he was just out of temper and replied stiffly: "...It's hard to say."
After Gu Xiancheng spoke, Li Sancai looked around in the audience with his eyes.
It's a pity that the ungrateful voice just now did not continue to sound.
After waiting for a long time, Gu Xiancheng did not wait for anyone to interrupt again, and continued his discussion with disdain.
"No matter what this classmate's intentions are, the question is raised very well."
"I talk about the essence all the time without doing anything practical, which is also despised by me."
"The empty words of understanding one's mind and nature are used in place of the practical knowledge of cultivating oneself and governing others. This kind of atmosphere should also be frowned upon to revive Yang Ming."
"The purpose of academia is to govern the world. Those who talk about the world are all academic thieves who usurp the Tao and rebel against the sect!"
"Zhu Zi is flat, and Yang Ming is high; Zhu Zi is refined, and Yang Ming is wide open; Zhu Zi cultivates and realizes, and Yang Ming realizes and cultivates."
"In this way, the two gentlemen wrote about the things they considered, and the subtleties of their thoughts and considerations, as well as the differences in the words and the time of the lectures, are all different. It is necessary for them to be consistent in terms of Tao.
Don’t harm them to become the same ears.”
"That's why this is a dispute between academic orthodoxy and academic thieves, rather than a consideration of whether to ban teaching or not."
"Your Majesty's ban on teaching and learning is confusing the difference between this matter. From my point of view, the new newspaper written by many villains in the General Administration Department must have been bewitched by the academic thief Li Zhi and others!"
"..."
It’s not that the academics are not good or that the lectures are not good, it’s because the lectures given outside are not authentic!
Today's schools have tampered with the origins of Confucian classics, so they talk rhetorically and ignore the facts. Wang Yangming and Zhu Xi shook their heads when they saw the resurrection.
Gu Xiancheng has a thorough knowledge of both theory and theory, and has the most say in the orthodox Confucianism. When Wang Fuzi met Zhu Fuzi, the two of them had discussed their knowledge in depth, one "from cultivation to enlightenment", and the other
"From enlightenment to cultivation"; one "enlightens as soon as he cultivates", and the other "cultivates as soon as he enlightens", but in terms of "the ultimate way", they are all leading to the same goal through different paths, and they have all turned into Gu Xiancheng's qualifications!
Therefore, Gu Xiancheng's views are different. He believes that to be an official, one must be able to learn and govern, and have very high moral standards.
When such a gentleman becomes an official, wouldn't his lectures be just the thing to clean up the world and spread morality? How can it be prohibited?
Therefore, what the emperor should do is not to ban lectures, but to let Gu Xiancheng come and clear his name as soon as possible.
Gu Xiancheng's voice is clear and his white clothes are as beautiful as snow.
As he moved his hands and feet, his wide sleeves blew in the wind, and he was about to float away.
I don't know how many people in the audience were fascinated by it.
Even Zhu Yijun, who was standing in the room on the second floor and saw this scene from a high position, couldn't help but secretly praise his appearance, which was almost as good as Wang Shizhen's.
Zhu Yijun glanced at Li Zhi beside him and said with a smile: "Li Qing, people say you are a school thief. While you are using He Yongqing's channel to confuse me, you are also controlling the Xinbao to spread rumors. What else do you have to say?"
He Yongqing was impeached frequently because of the Xinbao incident.
After this period of time, I finally couldn't stand it anymore and took advantage of Zhengdan's time to run away, which was regarded by some as a great victory.
As the main person in charge of Xinbao, Li Zhi naturally could not escape.
Zhu Yijun came here on a spur-of-the-moment basis. He didn't want to call anyone else. After all, he was taking a rest in the first month of the lunar month and still wanted someone to spend time with his family.
After asking around, I found out that Li Zhi was still alone in Beijing, so I sent someone to call him over.
Li Zhi stood a distance away from the emperor and looked down.
After hearing the emperor's words, his expression did not change: "Your Majesty, he is certainly right. I am indeed a scholar, but it is also wrong. I have no intention of deceiving outsiders."
"Everything I write is for the purpose of making myself happy, not for other people. I am self-interested and self-interested, and I pursue my own interests without caring about others."
"This is what Your Majesty promised me."
Since you say I am a school thief, then just think of me as a school thief.
I am doing my own learning, so who cares about your origins and authenticity?
What I think in my heart is my own authenticity.
As for spreading rumors? The emperor asked the General Secretary to publish it for people to see. Why didn't anyone try to assassinate the emperor?
After his hair grew longer, his face looked much kinder than when he was bald, but he still had the same wild energy both inside and outside his words.
It is not without reason that Li Zhi is scolded by Gu Xiancheng now.
During this year, Li Zhi wrote many absurd articles.
The first article I took over from Xinbao was about morality and interests.
They talk nonsense and say that only by caring about interests can justice be done, otherwise morality is just snot hanging on the lips, blown out every day, and finally thrown on the ground.
Of course, this is the vernacular version, and the article published separately is still relatively elegant - "If you want justice, you must make profit. If you don't seek profit, you can't do it right. If my way is clear, then my work will be completed. If
Regardless of merit, when will the Tao become clear?"
As the saying goes, a gentleman is judged by righteousness, and a villain is judged by profit. Li Zhi put profit in front of righteousness without covering it up, which naturally attracted a lot of criticism.
At that time, someone immediately criticized Li Zhi's article. Unfortunately, He Yongqing went to the grassroots government offices to say hello and protected him.
This is also the reason why Gu Xiancheng mentioned the importance of morality when he discussed the importance of morality - the collapse of morality was caused by people like Li Zhi.
In addition, Li Zhi also perfected the theory of good and evil for the emperor.
[The good and evil of human beings are initially indeterminate; the morality of the world is also indeterminate.
If there is no definite quality, then this is the right and the other is not, and they are mutually beneficial without harming each other; if there is no definite conclusion, then this is the other and they are not the other, and they are parallel and not contradictory. However, today's right and wrong can be said to be right and wrong for one person, Li Zhuowu; it can be said that it is tens of thousands.
It is also possible for the great sages and sages of the world to know right and wrong. It is also acceptable to say that you have confounded the right and wrong of thousands of generations, and that it is not right and wrong as I have done. Then I believe that it is possible for you to know what is right and wrong.
What? The final conclusion of morality is the abstract consensus of all peoples; the consensus of all peoples is the convergence of interests; the convergence of interests is the transformation of the world.
Therefore, morality is derived from the world, originates from the heart, and is intrinsic.]
To put it in the vernacular of Xinbao, morality is a product of the times, based on historical evolution, and an aggregation abstracted from everyone's past life experiences, current living standards, and pursuit of common interests.
What should individuals do if they want to develop a conscience?
It can only be firmly rooted in the development of the times, improve the living standards of the people, and be consistent with the interests of all people in the world.
On the contrary, even if it is a saint's words, they are only suitable for the era in which the saint lived and cannot be used as "the words of all things".
This is Li Zhi’s self-correction of the Conscience Modernism School, the Conscience Modernism School.
Since morality is derived from reality and rooted in the times, this means that the integration of personal knowledge and action can only be carried out in society, not in paradise, not in the Four Books and Five Classics, and not in the heart - escaping from the world in order to escape.
Moral aggregation, returning to the original; chanting sutras, without admonition in the past, is useless to conscience; enlightenment, divorced from reality, and empty thoughts in the mind.
Needless to say, this statement definitely stirs up a hornet's nest.
This is incompatible with today's major mainstreams, whether it is Cheng Zhu, Wang Yang's former school, or even Wang Yang's later school, the retro school, and the unified school.
It also offended a large number of scholar-bureaucrats who loved to talk about conscience, talk about morality, or go into seclusion to achieve enlightenment.
I heard that Li Zhi was almost beaten the next day.
If he hadn't been able to do some boxing and kicking, the person lying on the ground would have been replaced.
After this article, it became more and more excessive.
There are those who slander the classics, such as "The Six Classics, Yu, and Mencius are just words of truth for Taoism and the source of hypocrisy." - Confucian classics? They are just talking points for Taoists and a fig leaf for hypocrites.
There are those who disparage saints, such as "Although Confucius is just like all human beings", "This is the only way a great saint can know and measure" - saint? That's okay, give me a 50-50 split.
There are also some deviant discussions that the low status of women is due to the imbalance of power. The imbalance of power is also derived from the times and the actual evolution, just like the distinction between scholars, farmers, industry and commerce, and the essence of the Zhili Prefecture and Shuntian Prefecture.
There is no difference.
In short, there is a lot of content produced, but nothing mainstream.
There are many articles that even Zhu Yijun would shake his head and want to refute after reading them, let alone the Confucian defenders.
Zhu Yijun thought of this, looked at Li Zhi and shook his head: "Qing is happy with yourself and doesn't care. Others are here specifically for you."
Li Zhi had a mysophobia and stood not too close to the emperor. He listened to Gu Xiancheng's discussion below and could not recover for a moment.
After a while, he came to his senses and replied nonchalantly: "This person's knowledge is general and his temperament is still shallow, so there is nothing to worry about."
Zhu Yijun couldn't help but roll his eyes at Li Zhi.
This guy really doesn't know how many people he has offended these days, and he still thinks that Gu Xiancheng is just Gu Xiancheng?
"If this is the case, then his newspaper office and even the literary conferences of the past few days are not qualified to run, and there will not be so many people to support him." Zhu Yijun rarely explained.
Academic disputes have always been extremely intense.
How could it be possible that Li Zhi had been allowed to deviate from the orthodoxy for more than a year without any reaction.
How was Li Zhi forced to death in history? The crime was that he dared to promote chaos, confuse the world and falsely accuse the people!
Now under the influence of Zhu Yijun, Li Zhi can be said to be even worse.
The backlash will naturally come as expected.
Why did Gu Xiancheng talk about retrospection two months ago, talk about moderation in the Zhengdan forum, and talk about morality in today's literature?
I don’t know how many elderly people are behind me.
This is the great struggle in the world. Everyone wants to establish a sect and become a saint.
The rise of every trend of thought has its origin.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, thirty-six kings were killed, fifty-two countries were destroyed, and countless princes ran around and failed to protect their country.
It is this social background of disorder that determines the characteristics of Confucian political philosophy. In other words, the most fundamental starting point for the emergence of Confucianism is the real political world of "the collapse of rituals and the collapse of music".
The same is true for Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism, which has been criticized for imprisoning human ethics.
At that time, the people were in a state of despondency, and the political atmosphere in the court was filled with conformity. The emperor was in a high position, and he was obsessed with different opinions.
It was the feeling that "the laws of nature are unclear, human desires are rampant, and fairness and justice are in name only" that gave rise to the soil for the rise of Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism - as the "Xue An of Song and Yuan Dynasties" said, it was in the "Synthesis of Hundreds of Dynasties" that Zhu Xi completed his great achievements
Thought creation tasks.
Of course, the rise of a theory is one thing, but how it changes later is another matter.
The same is true for Wang Xue.
At that time, Wang Yangming was not the only one who was dissatisfied with the Zhuzi tradition, Chen Chen's lack of individuality brought about by the popularity of Neo-Confucianism. Before him, Lu Jiuyuan, Chen Xianzhang and others had denounced that Neo-Confucianism "excessively seeks from external sources and obliterates the essence."
"I" was almost the mainstream consensus at that time.
Later, the study of mind came into being.
Of course, Wang Yangming could hold up the banner of self-liberation, and so could the scholar-bureaucrats.
Master Wang has already said that you have to look within yourself. I think what I have done is right, and it is right. It is not the turn of outsiders to make irresponsible remarks.
After powerful people let themselves go, the world's customs will naturally decline - "Before Zhengde, the customs were mellow, but recently they have become even more profound. Most of them are strong and weak, and the masses are bullying the minority. The villain bullies the gentleman, and the younger generation insults the older ones, etiquette and justice.
The wind of surrender invites you.”
During the Jiajing period, extravagance and violation of regulations began to become common. "Now all the noble ministers are striving to be extravagant, and the common people imitate it. They follow the custom and use it as food and drink utensils. They are together everywhere."
During the Longqing period, the custom spread among ordinary scholars: "A wealthy family leads to extravagance and prostitution, a scholar and a Confucian scholar, a traitor and an arrogant person."
When you guide adultery, you must be confident and confident, and when you ask questions, you have no external desires.
Today, knowledgeable people lament that it is irreversible - "Customs tend to become thinner from time to time, just like a river that goes down and cannot turn back."
This is the troubled times of Confucianism.
In troubled times, it is necessary to rise to the throne, just like Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming.
Or...Mr. Donglin in history.
This is called coming into being.
It involves countless great Confucians, old scholars, scholar-bureaucrats, and literary figures.
They were really sad about the loss of morality and worried about the deterioration of the world. They also sincerely wanted to reshape morality and save the Ming Dynasty from disaster.
Naturally, he truly believes in his own knowledge and hates deviant heresies. To save yourself within the framework of Confucianism, you must first eliminate the scapegoat faction.
Below, Gu Xiancheng is still talking.
He also talked about how to do academic work after becoming an official and how to rectify his roots.
"...Therefore, the true doctrine should first destroy the evil and chaotic ways, so as to clear the king's heart, order the customs, and purify the morals."
"The fourth one is called retro."
"Learning without knowledge and law without borrowing from the ancients is almost impossible; learning without a source, without borrowing from the classics is a disorder that has not been corrected; virtue without a foundation, without borrowing from the saints as a foundation, and lust has not been eliminated.
.”
"Between Zheng and Jiaqing, Jing Ming and Li Mengyang both advocated the study of restoring ancient times, and the world followed it, and the style changed."
"The true origin of today's scholarship must be restored to the ancient times of Confucius, Mencius, Cheng, and Zhu..."
The words are clear and the words are outstanding.
The crowd was silent, and only Gu Xiancheng's voice echoed slowly.
Zhu Yijun listened quietly.
Suddenly he turned to look at Li Zhi and said slowly: "Li Qing, why don't you go down and give some advice to the younger generation?"
Li Zhi turned around and went downstairs without saying a word.
This chapter was not easy to write, and it may seem a bit tiring. It involves a lot of articles, and the explanations one by one are too lengthy. If you have difficulty reading, please refer to the paragraph comments.
I may not be able to finish the next chapter today, so I will write it first and you will treat it as unfinished.
Chapter completed!