As the leader of the contemporary literary world, Wang Shizhen holds the sway of scholars all over the world, and her every move and gesture carries considerable topicality.
For example, the villa where the cultural gathering was held this time was only renovated and rebuilt, but it has been busy in the capital for a while.
Last year, Wang Shizhen came to Beijing and purchased a manor from Shuntian Prefecture. Sun Yizheng, the former governor of Shuntian Prefecture, was naturally subject to legal auction. He came to build a landscape for Wang Shizhen. Even though Wang Shizhen refused to accept the guests, the enthusiastic scholars still asked people to send their own poems and poems as congratulations. There were more than fifty poems.
Renovating a garden can be so lively, not to mention a serious cultural gathering.
The sky is bright.
Early in the morning, a large number of scholars, supervisors, poets, old masters, and Confucian scholars came to Wang Shizhen's Yanshan Villa one after another.
The luxurious carriages of officials and gentry, the high school students and the scholars waiting to be admitted, and the rich local accents coming from afar, all collided and intersected in the Yanzhou Bieyuan.
…
Wang Shizhen was a master of all kinds of writing, painting, poetry, music, gambling, and chess, so his literary conferences naturally had many names.
Today's Wenhui is based on the four parts of poetry, fu, prose, and theory in Wang Shizhen's "Four Parts of Yanzhou Mountain Manuscripts" and adds the "Jing" part, which is the five venues of today's Wenhui.
The first four are mainly about reciting poems and appreciating poems and novels - this is Wang Shizhen's main business, especially for scholars who need to improve each other's reputation.
The latter's "Sutra" is obviously used to analyze classics. The title of the plaque at the entrance of the venue clearly shows this.
[Defining the ontological category of conscience and exploring ways of understanding the world from different ontological perspectives] Ming Dynasty Danzhou Academic Seminar]
The slightly weird name made all the guests who wanted to enter the venue stop and watch.
When Li Sancai and Sun Jigao saw this line of writing, they looked at each other and frowned.
"It's just a discussion. The word definition is a bit arrogant." Sun Jigao couldn't help but shake his head.
The wording is a bit strange, but the meaning is still very simple.
Noumenon is the origin of entities and the foundation of objects. It is an a priori attribute that exists before acquired experience and is a priori.
The essence of conscience refers to the nature of human beings and their innate attributes.
When it comes to morality, the central issue is one's character of mind. This is where Li Zhi and Xue Yingqi are still arguing.
But Wang Shizhen used the word "definition" as soon as she came up, and arrogance was a euphemism.
Li Sancai smiled and said: "Dangzhou's aura has enveloped Baidai, and he seems to have no control over the world. This gesture is only reasonable."
For this cultural conference, several major Buddhist temples originally invited Wang Shizhen and placed the venue in the temple in order to increase its popularity.
As a result, Leader Wang pretended to be a celebrity and responded to the poem with ridicule. The left sentence is "Filled with the marrow of Shannan, decorated like the blood of the Ganges", and the right sentence is "How can I be greedy and angry, hoping to be united with the holy truth", without leaving any emotion at all.
It can be said that after Wang Shizhen returned to the court, not only her mind became active, but her arrogant nature also seemed to be revived.
Sun Jigao glanced at the title of the sign again, and until he turned around and entered the venue, he was still shaking his head with his hands behind his hands: "I thought Duke Yanzhou could only gain some fame, but I didn't expect that he really planned to get involved."
“I don’t know where the confidence comes from.”
Wang Shizhen is a great talent, but it does not mean that he is an all-rounder.
Although they are rich in talent and learning and have a large scale, they may not be as good as those who specialize in one discipline, let alone debating scriptures.
If you are not strong enough and you are beaten down, that would be a joke.
When Li Sancai heard this, he thought thoughtfully and said: "Since Duke Yanzhou has set the theme of today's literary meeting, it must not be a rootless duckweed."
"Besides, although the sentence at the door is a bit arrogant, it easily points out the main points of the current debate, which shows his real skill."
People who deal with fame are naturally the most cautious about fame matters.
Li Sancai regarded Wang Shizhen as a role model for association and had extraordinary confidence in him.
The two of them walked inside, chatting casually.
As soon as Fang entered the venue, he saw a bald monk wearing cassocks on the stage, talking eloquently.
People were sitting or standing in the audience, and some people on the second floor were standing on the railing, listening attentively.
Sun Jigao looked surprised: "Has it already started?"
Sun Jigao on the side naturally didn't know either.
The two of them were not shy, so they grabbed a scholar from the side and asked them politely.
The scholar who was asked about it looked at the two of them and then explained in a low voice: "It hasn't started yet. Those of you want to sit on the stage. They are following the rules of the literary society to prove their knowledge."
The two of them were stunned when they heard this.
Wang Shizhen had already spoken about this before.
Wang Shizhen knows rankings.
Although there is no first place in literature, the gap in knowledge naturally exists.
In various schools of Confucian classics, how can we not distinguish between titles such as professor, great Confucian, master, and leader?
Therefore, Leader Wang thoughtfully differentiated the seats on the stage and those under the stage during this cultural gathering.
In short, only those sitting on the stage are qualified to present arguments and argue. Those sitting below? Just listen.
As mentioned in the invitation, Li Zhi, Xue Yingqi, Qian Dehong, Wang Ji and others are all "lecturers" and have master seats. As for others, they must prove their knowledge and be recognized by everyone in the gathering.
Only then are you qualified to take the stage.
The two of them bowed their hands and thanked each other, then found their seats and sat down.
"Is that Master Lianchi?"
Sun Jigao was somewhat short-sighted and could not see clearly the faces of the people on the stage.
Li Sancai heard the words and nodded: "It's Master Lianchi, but it seems that he has finished speaking."
Master Renchi has almost become an Arhat among the people, and his thinking and Buddhist scriptures are recognized by scholars as unique.
When the old monk finished speaking, everyone in the audience shook their heads and said nothing, or said bluntly that it was superficial. Only about ten people asked the master to take a seat.
Wang Shizhen's younger brother Wang Shimao smiled apologetically at Master Lianchi and asked him to take a seat in the audience.
Li Sancai knew that Sun Jigao's eyesight was not very good, so he explained: "There are only four seats on the stage, obviously one has not been added."
Sun Jigao nodded when he heard this: "The Arahant's cultivation is not shallow, but he can't say what his true nature is."
The essence of conscience in Buddhism is the spiritual mirror stand.
Although his speculation is not bad, today's Confucianism has integrated the three teachings into one, and its level is much higher than that of Buddha and Lao Zhi.
If Master Lianchi wants to take the throne, he will no longer be able to convince the public.
As soon as the man went down, another young scholar came up.
He took out a piece of paper from his arms and said loudly: "My teacher is visiting the garden and asked me to read an article for him. If he can be seated, I will invite him to the library. If he cannot convince the crowd, I will teach him
The two of them headed back home."
He did not say who his teacher was. He bowed to everyone, then directly opened the article and read it aloud.
"Between heaven and earth, there are principles and qi. The principles are the metaphysical way and the foundation of living things; the qi is the physical tools and the equipment of living things."
"The essence of Qi is called Li; the transformation of Li is called Qi. This Zhu Xi Li is also the debate of Qi."
"Inherited from Shao Yong's "Xiantian", Zhou Dunyi's "Tai Chi", Zhang Zai's "Qi Lun", Ercheng's "Tianli", Zhu Zi passed it on to my teacher, and my teacher passed it on to me, and now I have gained something."
"Where is the ontological category of conscience?"
"Zhu Ziyun, sex."
"Benevolence and righteousness are called human nature, and compassion and compassion are called emotions; nature is unmoved, and emotion is already moved; nature is innate, and emotion is acquired; nature is the body, and emotion is the function. The heart is the same, and the body and function are unified."
"..."
Hearing this, the scholars on the stage had already tasted some of it.
They all whispered to each other.
Li Sancai said in astonishment: "Is this the great Confucian of Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism?"
It is not necessarily a great Confucianism, but it is definitely the authentic source of Neo-Confucianism.
Because after Wang Xue, he only said that "reason" is nothing more than the principle of "qi", and never maintained the transcendent nature of "reason".
Sun Jigao was also a little surprised and guessed: "Is this Duke Yuchun's disciple?"
Neo-Confucianism declined, and scholars all over the world, if not Wang Shouren, returned to Zhan Ruoshui, alone to Shoucheng, and Zhu did not change, but Lü Nan and Luo Qinshun.
Among them, Lu Nan's disciple was Xue Yingqi, but he was not pure because he mixed Wang Xue.
Learning from orthodoxy, today's Neo-Confucian orthodoxy comes from the lineage of Luo Qinshun, who is also known as Yuchun Gong Yuan Hongyu in Sun Jigao's mouth.
Yuchun Gong Yuan Hongyu was a famous official in the Jialong period. He was an outstanding official in the Qing Dynasty. His reputation as a poor man was widely spread - especially the story about how he owed twenty taels of silver to help poor students and had to ask Wang Shizhen to repay it on his behalf.
, once made him a model scholar.
At the same time, this Zhang Juzheng's fellow student, Hai Rui's academic advisor, Shen Shixing's uncle, and Wang Shizhen's old friend were the number one scholar in Confucianism at that time.
Having said that, Sun Jigao couldn't help but sigh: "I didn't expect that a great scholar like Duke Yuchun in this world, who doesn't even have a seat, is actually worse than Master Li."
Although it is not insulting to give lectures on the stage, Li Zhi and others gave him a seat, which naturally lowered Yuan Hongyu's status.
Li Sancai shook his head: "That can't be helped. When Xu Shaoshi used his official power to invite scholars from all over the world and opened Lingji Palace to give lectures, he elevated his teacher Nie Bao to the status of a great Confucian."
"Although the new newspaper is now only circulated in Beizhili, Li Zhi relied on the newspaper to have an influence of more than a year. It is much stronger than a lecture. It is normal to have such an effect."
"On the other hand, Mr. Yuchun, what better way to study behind closed doors?"
As long as you are not a leader in knowledge and want to build a reputation, paper media is always much better than word of mouth.
The most well-known story about Yuan Hongyu is that Wang Shizhen paid him back. This shows that marketing still needs professionals.
As for Qian Dehong and others who have seats, they are recognized teachers in the world and cannot be compared to the same.
While the two were chatting, the people on the stage were still talking.
"When it comes to metaphysics, Li and Qi are divided into two parts; when it comes to the metaphysics, Li and Qi are unified."
"It can only train people to fit the mold and only follow the external appearance of consensus, without seeing the true conscience of morality."
"That's why I say that the reality of principle is transcendent from the outside; the expression of Qi belongs to the nature of mind."
"..."
After a while, he finally finished reading the article.
There were many people watching in the audience. The old master could still frown and think deeply, while most of the new Gongsheng students looked at each other in confusion.
Even Sun Jigao, the founder of Jinke Huiyuan, could not help but feel it was difficult - mainly because of the decline of Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism.
It sounds strenuous, and it certainly doesn’t resemble the scene where everyone enthusiastically expressed their opinions after Master Renchi finished speaking.
The man on the stage looked around and said loudly: "If you don't recognize our knowledge, then my master and disciple will go home."
After saying that, he turned around and left.
At this moment.
An old voice sounded in the hall.
"Why are you so frivolous as a junior? Go and invite Yuan Yizhi here."
Qian Dehong and Wang Ji came together, led respectfully by Wang Shizhen.
Wang Ji bowed his hands to the audience: "I think Yuan Yizhi's knowledge is not bad. How about you come up and discuss it?"
Qian Dehong also smiled and nodded.
Naturally, everyone on the scene didn't say anything and all raised their hands in agreement.
"An elder of mine once said that the truth becomes clearer the more we debate it, so the orthodoxy of Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism will naturally be invited."
Everyone turned around and saw Li Zhi Shiran walking down from the second floor.
"Invite people here quickly."
Xue Yingqi walked out of nowhere, and Shi Shiran sat on the walk-in banquet on the stage, facing the audience.
Li and Xue had obviously arrived a long time ago, but they were unwilling to arrive first and wait, so they were left behind, so they did not show up.
It wasn't until Qian Dehong arrived at the scene that they appeared and sat down together.
Wang Shizhen, wearing a wide robe and long sleeves, helped the two old men sit down and then laughed heartily: "In that case, go and invite Duke Yuchun here quickly."
The man who was reading the article on the stage bowed to everyone before he walked off the stage without any delay, obviously to ask for the teacher.
During this gap, chatting is naturally inevitable.
Xue Yingqi half-squinted his eyes and looked at Wang Shizhen: "Wang Fengzhou is indeed an all-rounder, and he is so confident in his attainments in Confucian classics."
When Wang Shizhen heard this, he laughed: "Recently, Mr. Xue and Mr. Li were discussing Taoism. I listened and gained some insights, so I temporarily added a 'Jing' section to the Wenhui. I wanted to discuss it together."
Xue Yingqi was noncommittal.
He glanced at the spectators in the audience, the Buddhist monk Lianchi, Zhou Ziyi, who claimed to have integrated Lian Luo, Guan and Fujian schools, Hong Jueshan, the direct disciple of Zhan Ruoshui...
Even scholars from Sichuan were invited, but it didn't look like a last-minute initiative.
Wang Shizhen quietly led the topic elsewhere.
Li Zhi looked at Qian Dehong and Wang Ji and said as if he didn't care: "I have been arguing with Mr. Xue recently, but I haven't read the articles of the two professors, and I don't know what I think about the original body."
If you haven’t read it, it’s a lie. Test the two people’s postures to see if it’s true.
Qian Dehong hummed twice and said nothing.
Wang Ji chuckled lightly: "Didn't Li Zhuowu just criticize me for being ignorant of my conscience?"
He softly chanted: "The current body is like the traces of birds in the sky, the shadow of the moon in the water, whether it is there or not, whether it is sinking or floating, it will behave according to the suggestion, and the direction will turn away, and the magic will respond."
The essence of conscience is illusory and unreal. Once you try to capture or discuss it, you will deviate from its essence. Once you try to pursue it, you will deviate from it.
As for how to develop a conscience, that needs to be studied and understood.
Li Zhi said "Oh" and stopped talking.
It takes a while.
Yuan Hongyu arrived late.
He is an old man with a large body and a powerful spirit.
"Mr. Yuchun."
"Mr. Yuan."
Many people I knew came to greet me.
Xue Yingqi nodded towards him.
Wang Ji smiled and said, "Yuan Yizhi seems to be making progress again?"
Yuan Hongyu responded meticulously to everyone: "Everyone has been waiting for a long time, let's get started."
After that, several people sat down together.
Only Wang Shizhen smiled and shook his head: "There are still people who haven't arrived yet, please wait a moment."
He paused: "This person actually asked me to recite an article, and I would like you to comment on it and see if you are sitting on the stage or off the stage."
"It can be considered a warm-up spot."
Li Zhi was indifferent upon hearing this; Qian Dehong and Wang Ji looked at each other with doubts on their faces.
Xue Yingqi and Yuan Hongyu were indifferent.
On the contrary, everyone in the audience was very considerate. After listening to it for half a morning, they were not tired of it, and they eagerly asked Wang Shizhen to recite it.
Wang Shizhen is wearing a green robe with wide sleeves and a very chic look today.
Seeing this, he smiled and nodded, and Congshan Ruliu took out an article from his arms.
He cleared his throat and began to chant.
“The Book of Changes says that what is above is called the Tao, and what is below is called the weapon.”
"Metaphysical refers to tangible things that can be seen or felt, called utensils. I will try to give examples, such as sight with the eyes, hearing with the ears, and the body of the object. I summarize it as, it can be perceived and understood by the five senses.
It can be determined empirically.”
"Metaphysics refers to the intangible things that cannot be seen or perceived, called Tao. I tried to give examples, ideas, concepts, origins, natural principles, and spirits. I concluded that it can only be deduced by thinking through thoughts."
"I will temporarily call the 'Great Dao Debate' metaphysics. This is the definition of its thinking scope."
This sentence came out.
The scene became quite quiet instantly.
Even the great monks who came up to compete for seats were always talking a lot, but now everyone suddenly came up with a loose talk, and everyone was obviously not used to it.
Especially the old masters, all frowned and shook their heads.
On the other hand, the young scholar, sitting upright, sighed secretly in his heart, finally someone who understood him - these days, everyone is used to seeing Li Zhi arguing with others in the new newspaper, all in vernacular, so it is not surprising at all.
.
"The study of metaphysics originated in the pre-Qin Dynasty and formed extensive theories in the Song and Ming Dynasties."
"Metaphysics is divided into Zhou Zhang, Cheng Zhu, and Lu Wang. I roughly divide it into three stages: the view of heaven, the theory of nature, and the theory of mind. This is the general trend of Confucian research in the Song and Ming dynasties, and its basic direction is to return to Confucius and Mencius.
Theory of Mind.”
"If we talk about the central concepts of each stage, the first stage takes heavenly principles as the main concept, with both heavenly principles and cosmology mixed in."
"Li is called law, and Qi is called matter. It aims to study the transcendence of laws and the reality of matter. This is the essence of Zhou Zhang's theory of Qi - a way to understand the world."
"Li is a transcendent, eternal principle, while Qi is a concrete, ever-changing substance."
"This kind of dualism emphasizes the transcendence and universality of reason, but it is rough and confusing, which makes this method of understanding the world unpopular."
"Cheng Zhu came into being."
"The second stage takes Xing or Li as the main stage, washing out the cosmological elements while retaining the elements of heavenly principles."
"It strictly distinguishes between reason and qi, and then explores the self and the outside, the ontology and the entity - since reason is a law and qi is matter, then where is 'my' reason? Where is 'my' qi?"
"Finally, a path was constructed, which is to gain knowledge through investigation of things, that is, to study the reality of all things in the world and to deduce the origin of 'I', which is called knowing one's mind and seeing one's nature."
"However, Cheng and Zhu tried to understand one principle through the principle of "geo-zhi-exi", in order to realize the benevolence of the heart."
"This kind of connection does not find a unified theory to explain the relationship between matters in the category of heavenly principles, but implicitly refers to a heterogeneous jump, finding a transcendent metaphysical basis for everything in the world."
"This is Cheng Zhu's flaw."
"King Lu, he found this flaw and introduced something new."
“By confusing ‘the principle is nothing more than the principle of qi’, it forcibly maps the original laws of heaven onto the real ‘I’.”
“Then he realized the abandonment of ‘external style’ and discovered the way of seeking within.”
"At the third stage, the heart and knowledge are the main concepts, that is, conscience is the law of heaven, and the unity of knowledge and action is found in the Tao."
"These three stages are the evolution of 'self-origin', the boundary between 'reason' and 'qi', and the exploration of 'laws' and 'matter'. The root of which is the gradual deepening of the way of understanding the world."
As soon as this sentence was finished.
There was an immediate buzz from the audience.
"This vision...which grandmaster is it?"
"Comprehensive and comprehensive! Explain the profound in simple terms! Not to mention schools, this vision alone is at least the level of a great Confucian!"
"Three stages, all things, I see all things, all things see me, these three levels are sorted out, color! Color! Color!"
All the young scholars were amazed.
The old master, who had criticized the vernacular just now, also sat upright and solemnly, and began to listen carefully.
Not only the people in the audience, but also a few people on the stage were surprised.
Yuan Hongyu seemed to be inspired, with a pensive look on his face, he looked at Wang Shizhen seriously and carefully considered the vision described by Wang Shizhen.
Qian Dehong and Wang Ji looked at each other, frowning and wondering which old friend had arrived without warning.
"Metaphysical tools often explore cause and effect through direct proof or falsification, and then summarize the corresponding 'kung fu'."
"The twenty-four solar terms that guide the farming season are like this, the craftsmen with a wide range of uses are like this, and the symbols of heaven and earth's omens are actually like this."
"But the metaphysical Tao is different."
"The former often has clear boundaries, while the latter is people's exploration of the fuzzy boundaries of cognition."
"As something that transcends natural entities, it can only be deduced through mental deduction."
"Precisely because this kind of exploration can only be deduced from the brain, different schools must have different thinking paradigms, and they can make circular arguments on their own."
"All of this comes down to different perspectives of understanding the world."
"I try to give examples from many genres."
"Mencius said, all things are prepared for me; Zhuzi said, the mind is rational; Prince said, there is nothing outside the mind."
"In other words, aren't humans also all things?"
"This is caused by the different perspectives of understanding the world. It is precisely because humans are also all things that we must draw a clear line between 'me' and all things. Sounds are heard by 'I', sights are seen by 'I', and smells are
What 'I' smell, the world is re-mapped in my mind by 'I' relying on the five senses, doesn't this mean that everything is prepared by me?"
"'I' precedes all things, so we start by understanding ourselves and then understanding the world."
"In this case, then 'my' ability to understand the world is naturally innate and pure."
"Enlightenment, understanding, reasoning, ideas, all innate and pure knowledge, the so-called pure reason."
"Prince Wang Ji believed that 'I' was pure, and all attempts to understand the world would affect the understanding of 'I', so he kept his conscience and was a little bit ignorant."
"Xue Yingqi and Xue Gong believed that the understanding of 'I' is the embodiment of heavenly principles. If you want to understand things and gain knowledge, the most important thing you need to understand is 'I', so he holds this mind and there is no other way."
The words just fell.
Xue Yingqi stood up suddenly, his face uncertain.
Wang Ji immediately responded and exclaimed: "Okay!"
Not only is he well versed in everything, but he is also well placed!
At this level, Wang Ji thought it was Zhan Ruoshui's resurrection!
His eyes wandered around the stage, trying to see which acquaintance was hiding something.
Unfortunately nothing was found.
Everyone in the audience was in awe of this invisible grandmaster.
Monk Lianchi, who had just come up to compete for seats, even sighed, secretly glad that he had not gone up to embarrass himself.
Wang Shizhen saw everyone's exclamation in her eyes, and couldn't help but feel a hint of fear.
His expression became more upright and he continued to recite the article.
"Li Zhi and Li Gong are the complete opposite. The saying of the Taizhou School, "Conscience is ready, and the road is found in traffickers and pawns," may be summarized as Li Gong's perspective."
"The world exists objectively, whether I know the world or not... things will not disappear because I don't know it, traffickers will not die because of my stupidity, and the world will not be annihilated because of my madness."
"In this case, from a cognitive perspective, which one comes first, 'I' or the world?"
"Innate and innate, if the world is before 'I', then is there still an innate 'I'?"
"From this perspective, Li Zhi and Li Gong had to rely on the prince's original intention to go back to Zhu Zi's old path of studying things and developing knowledge, being inclusive and innovative."
"Contacting things, communicating with ordinary people, and perceiving the world - the new investigation of things to achieve knowledge is not about enlightenment, but 'practice' in behavior. It is the abstract commonality of the origin of the world and the basis of reason."
"This is the origin of Li Zhi and Li Gong's universal moral theory."
"Universal, experience, practice, and all understanding formed by practice, the so-called practical rationality."
"Different perspectives of understanding naturally lead to different categories of the ontology of conscience. These two are the most fundamental disputes between Li Gong and Xue Gong, and even among many schools of thought today."
"It's because of the battle over the road."
The audience was completely silent.
Several people on the stage were inexplicably terrified.
After Wang Shizhen finished reading, she closed the article silently.
He waved his sleeves and robe and asked the audience: "Gentlemen, should this Taoist friend take a seat on the stage, or should he listen respectfully?"
Chapter completed!