"Understanding?!" Huang Shi felt confused when he heard this, because he knew this word, which refers to transcending his duties. In ancient times, it specifically refers to names or utensils that are under the status, etc., especially those that are used in the upper form, etc.

For items that are exclusively used by the royal family, I only used a few pieces of marble, which can be said to be arbitrary or not.

But after thinking about it, I felt relieved. In the feudal era of the 16th century, everything good must be the emperor and the royal family, such as good wine, good stones, and good cloth. In short, the best things are all

It is something they need to enjoy. If the grass people below eat and drink randomly, they will be a violation.

The Ming Dynasty was even more bizarre because in the early days of its founding, Zhu Baba suppressed the status of merchants very seriously. For example, in the "Complete Book of Agricultural Affairs."

Volume 4 says that in the 14th year of Hongwu: "The above is more important to emphasize the original and suppress the end, and ordered the farmers' home to wear yarn and silk cloth, and merchants' homes only allowed to wear cloth. However, there is one person in the farmer's home who is a merchant, he is not allowed to wear it.

yarn.”

In other words, it was illegal for merchants to wear silk clothes in the Ming Dynasty. They had a low status and stipulated that they could only wear cloth clothes. Of course, by the end of the Ming Dynasty, these bans were useless. Many rich merchants wore these silk clothes.

yes.

In addition, "beasts and animals" also began in this era, because in addition to specifying the color of robes and clothes like other dynasties, Lao Zhu also had patches on their chests and backs, and the patterns they embroidered were different.

It indicates the difference in official ranks. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, officials who became corrupt and abused the law, bullied the people, and committed evil deeds. This word naturally became a derogatory term, just like the modern "lady".

Thinking of this, Huangshi, who had no good feelings for the old Zhu family, how could he go to the rules set by the Ming Dynasty? So he smiled at the workers and said, "It's okay, it's okay, these stones are very ordinary in our upper world.

Usually, we use it to lay the floors of buildings and halls, just like ordinary hotels and shops, and even the floors of higher-end toilets are like this."

The people next to them took a breath of air conditioning after hearing these words. The buildings and halls in the sky should be magnificent and magnificent. So it is also very appropriate to lay these elegant marbles.

They know that it is a "bathroom". The heads often say that the "bathroom" places have to be covered with such stones.

"Then...then...can the toilet in this sky be made of gold like the emperor?" Niu Dali thought that even the floor was so magnificent, and the toilet would definitely be no exception.

Huangshi laughed loudly after hearing the "hahaha". In modern society, toilets of all kinds of materials must be available, especially those rich people with headbands and gauze scarves in the Middle East. The toilets in their villas are probably made of pure gold.

, because their money is not income from labor, it all depends on the rich black gold hidden underground.

So they were extravagant and wanted to spend money in a variety of ways, and lived a variety of strange lifestyles. Not only did they marry more wives, but they also gave birth to more children. More than 1,000 people were called princes. Huangshi naturally couldn't see them.

He was accustomed to them, and he thought about one day he could get there, so that they could all plant grass in the desert and work hard to transform.

"That's not." After Huang Shi finished laughing, he patted Niu Dali's shoulder, held him open his mouth and continued to explain.

"The toilets above us are usually made of white porcelain, because first it must be a flushing machine; second it must be waterproof, clean and hygienic; last it must be strong because people need to sit on it

The toilet will not collapse because of the weight of some people."

"Use white porcelain?!" Although it is not as exaggerated as a gold toilet, it also makes people present unable to turn their minds, because they think that porcelain is thin, crisp and heavy, and is usually used to make some

Small items such as bowls, basins, bottles, etc.

"Yes, it's just using white porcelain." Huang Shi nodded. The seats of modern flush toilets were made into various styles and used various materials, but in terms of the toilet itself, several times since its invention

In the past century, the materials have almost never changed, and they are still mainly ceramics.

Originally, there was a neighbor named Wei Yuchao in Huangshi. He was a big worker in an auto repair shop. Later, he felt that his work was dirty and tired and he was reluctant to do it anymore. He changed his career and started selling toilets, but they were all imported TOTO brands. Huangshi once did

When I went to his shop, I heard him talk about the reason why the toilet uses ceramics.

The first factor is naturally because of the cost, because ceramic toilets like glass are made of clay and water. The process of producing toilets includes blank manufacturing, blank molding, and porcelain sintering. So ceramics are used to produce these processes.

All are relatively simple and very low cost.

If you change to another material, plastic, the process of making it into an item is to extrude or inject a mold. For something like a toilet with a complex structure, the cost of using plastic is too high.

This is why, generally plastic places in toilets are just seats. Using it as a dominant material will cause the cost of the toilet to be too high. The toilet must be a durable product, but it is replaced frequently.

So the second factor is durability. Everyone needs a toilet in life, whether it is sitting or squatting. When people squat the toilet, it is best not to leak or spray something, so it needs to

Extreme durability.

Ceramics are very strong, stiff and strong, and will not deform over time. And plastic cannot be guaranteed to do this, because once it takes longer, the plastic material will definitely gradually deform under the strong impact of people sitting on it.

of.

The third factor is that ceramics can be waterproof. This sounds very simple, but in fact, many porous and water-seepage materials can not only hold water, but also provide conditions for bacterial reproduction, but ceramics will not be like this.

Therefore, it is very important to use items like toilets that are specially designed to clean up waste without being affected by bacteria and water flow. The secret of ceramic waterproofing lies in glaze. As mentioned earlier, glaze allows bacteria and water to both bacteria and water.

Stay on the outer surface of the glaze, which is also easy to clean.

So ceramics have always been the first choice for toilet and bathroom materials for so many years, which is really impressive. As some people say, everyone in the world may use toilets differently, but the same thing is,

It must be comfortable and clean.

Of course Niu Dali didn't know about this. Although the leader closed his mouth and did not open his mouth, he scratched his head. He still couldn't understand what this toilet made of white porcelain would look like. If he took it and washed it with water.

I won’t be knocked out if I’m careful, just like the broken bowl and basin at their house back then, “Is this really solid? How to clean it?”

Huang Shi also had a headache when he saw his questioning face, because although people just press the flush button gently, the poop and other substances were washed into the sewer or melted along with the water vortex.

The septic tank has gone.

This process seems simple, but it is actually very complicated to design. Because the water cylinder, valve, overflow pipe, and sewage pipe, each of these components is very fine, and contains many complex engineering applications, one is a half-time experience.

Where can I explain clearly in Huangshi?

So he had to say, "Okay, what about toilets? When your house is built, we will install one in each house. You will know what's going on. Now this problem will be stopped."

After saying "Oh", everyone's curiosity was forcibly pressed into their hearts. According to the chief's specific requirements, they used a good proportion of water, cement, and sand to paste the marble water grinding pieces one by one.

After putting it on the top of the guardrail, look at it. The texture of the marble is indeed soft and beautiful and solemn.

Then they continued to work hard and applied cement to the four aisles, but this time the proportion of mud, water and sand was different. Different uses should have different proportions. These were what the leader told them, and in the supervision of Li Chengpeng.

There are also specific text materials there, and they have tried them in various proportions themselves, and the effect is indeed so magical.

Of course, what Huangshi knew was all about Jiang Hualong and he said, saying that the ratio of water to cement was generally around 0.5. If there is more water, the lower the strength of the concrete. If there is a calculation formula, try not to exceed it.

0.7. Theoretically, concrete has the highest strength at a ratio of 0.24, but it is generally not so fine in actual operation.

The ratio of sand to cement is not fixed, and it depends on the actual situation. For example, do not put any sand in the plain cement slurry used for grouting. For other cement slurry, generally speaking, it is 3

For example, if you put it in 1, you only need 3 parts of sand and 1 part of cement.

Putting sand mainly reduces costs and reduces the hardening and shrinking of concrete. As long as the concrete can be mixed evenly, you can put as much sand as possible. However, putting stones is more cement-saving than sand, so many modern projects use large amounts of stones to fill stones with sand.

The gap between.

However, if you are repairing the ground, the cement label should be used higher normally. It is best to compare cement and sand with 1 to 2. You should also clean the ground that needs to be repaired first. It is best to wash it with water.

Then brush the plain cement slurry and then apply cement mortar.

If it is a glossy, you should calender a few times before the cement is initially set. If it is a bristle, you should wait until the moisture on the surface of the mortar dries a little, and then use a brush or broom to pull the hair, so it is definitely not
Chapter completed!