In the Weiyang Palace, the flowers and moonlight are blooming, and the singing and dancing are just around the corner.

I have always relied on an independent king, but who can be upright after being slandered for a day?

The sky so close is thousands of miles away, and the sky is in the city of Chang'an.

The spring breeze carries the sound of flutes and Shao, and only the Luo turban covers my eyes like tears.

Tears are streaming down my face. God knows, I will never see you again in this life.

Not as good as the Xiongnu envoys in southern Guangdong, it’s time to sail to Mount Tishan!

This song "The Revenge of the Changmen" was written by Lu You, a great poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. It expresses the love and resentment of the marrying woman towards the king of the Central Plains. Every time there is a marriage, someone will accompany the marrying woman to the Huns as a dowry. Since Lou Jing proposed the marriage,

From Ceqi, I don’t know how many people went to the Huns as dowries. Some of the dowry people left their hometowns, and some did not want to, but there was nothing they could do.

During the reign of Emperor Wen, there appeared a dowry man who was extremely vindictive - Zhongxing Shuo.

Zhongxing said that he was born during the reign of Emperor Wen of the Western Han Dynasty. He was originally an eunuch. Because he was dissatisfied with being an attaché of the Han-Hungarians, he harbored a grudge against the Han Dynasty and turned to the Huns. Later he became an important adviser to Shan Yu.

In the sixth year of Emperor Wen's reign (174 BC), the peach blossoms and plum blossoms in Chang'an actually bloomed in October.

The ancients believed that great things must happen when heaven appears. Then, the arrogant and surly King Liu Chang of Huainan rebelled and died on the way to be demoted. Liu Heng was heartbroken and sad. The sad news of Liu Chang's death on hunger strike still lingered in his mind, and Maodun suddenly

Wrote a letter to Liu Heng:

A few years ago, King Youxian of the Xiongnu invaded your territory, which caused a sudden rift between the two families, which was very undeserved. In order to punish King Youxian of the Xiongnu, I ordered him to attack the Yueshi. With God's blessing, King Youxian destroyed the Yueshi.

Later, twenty-six countries including Loulan and Wusun all surrendered to the Huns. The north has been pacified and is all under my control. The Huns hope to make peace with the Han again.

Anyone with a little knowledge of politics knows that Mao Dun's letter is a request for friendship on the surface, but in reality it is a threat. He pacified the north and his power increased greatly. He may imitate the King of South Vietnam and suddenly proclaim himself emperor in the north. His simple letter

,really tricky,

Liu Heng summoned the courtiers to discuss countermeasures. At this time, the Han court really had no one in the court and no generals in the army, so they all agreed to make peace. The reason of the courtiers was: the Xiongnu had just unified the north and were in full force. Even if the Han Dynasty won, the saline-alkali land would not be there.

good.

Liu Heng didn't like fighting, so the courtiers' proposal for a marriage was exactly what they wanted. If Jia Yi were in court, he would definitely make a grand statement about the war. The mediocre can't tolerate the talented, and the talented will suffer the blow of depression and anger. When an eagle falls into the water, it can only be indifferent.

He bowed his head, closed his eyes and waited for death. If he struggled to struggle, it would only make future generations more sad.

Unfortunately, Mao Dun, an old friend of the Han Dynasty, died shortly after receiving Liu Heng's marriage letter. After Mao Dun's death, his son Jizhu succeeded to the throne and was named Laoshang Shanyu. At the critical moment, Mao Dun left.

All the previous efforts were in vain, and everything had to be started over again. The new Chanyu succeeded to the throne, and the Han Dynasty wanted to send a married woman.

Liu Heng hurriedly chose the princess, and the princess refers to the daughter of Liu's clan who married the Huns. After choosing the princess, he also chose a dowry, which was said by Zhongxing. Zhongxing said he didn't want to go, so he was forced to go.

When he left, he left a message: I must be a Han patient. What BOC said is that if I must go, I will definitely cause trouble.

Zhong Xing could say what he said and could do it. When he arrived at the Huns, Zhong Xing said he would surrender to the old Shanyu immediately. Zhong Xing said he had a flexible mind and could speak well, and told Shan Yu everything about the Han Dynasty in detail.

He didn't know much about it and was quite afraid. Zhongxing told Shanyu that there was no one in the Han dynasty and no generals in the army, so he gradually gained Shanyu's favor.

When Lou Jing proposed the marriage, he said that if a Han Dynasty princess married a Xiongnu, she could say a few good words to reconcile the two families. He also said that there is no reason for a son-in-law to bully the mother-in-law, and the grandson would beat the grandfather. Lou Jing must have never expected that Bank of China would say that it was Han Dynasty.

North Korea's spies. Bank of China

It is said that the Huns are vigorously advocated to break away from Han objects, get rid of Han thinking, and become real Huns. The Bank of China said that this move is very similar to the national salvation slogan issued by knowledgeable and wise people when foreign invaders invaded through economic means: promote domestic products and oppose Westerners.

goods.

The Huns like to eat Han Chinese food, such as rice, steamed buns and other delicate items. The Bank of China said: "The Huns are not as numerous as the Han Dynasty. The reason why the Huns are stronger and better than the Han people is because of their different food and clothing."

.What the Huns ate could strengthen their bodies, but what the Han people ate would only make them sluggish. If the Huns

People covet the good taste of Han food, and all like Han things, and ultimately rely on Han things. The Han Dynasty only provided two-tenths of the property to make the Huns surrender. Han people's clothes are easy to tear, and they are not as good as felt blankets and leather robes; the Han people's food

They are not full and have no meat to satisfy their hunger." The Huns felt that what Zhong Xing said was reasonable and gave up the Chinese food they had grown to love.

The Huns didn't know how to count, so Zhongxing taught the Huns to count. Zhongxing tried his best to encourage the Huns not to use Han products, so as not to become deeply dependent on the Han people. He was very eloquent and liked the Huns, and gradually changed their thoughts and behaviors, and

He continues to change.

All the things that the Han Dynasty gave to the Xiongnu, the Bank of China asked the Shanyu to give them all back to the Han Dynasty. They only doubled the size of the letter and changed "The emperor asked the Xiongnu that the Xiongnu is okay" to "the Xiongnu's Shanyu was born in the day and month of heaven and earth."

Yu Jing asked if the Emperor of Han was okay."

On the one hand, the Bank of China said it was trying to persuade the Huns to become real Huns; on the other hand, it argued with the Han envoys to destroy the spirit of the Han people and promote the prestige of the Huns. The Han envoy said that the Huns despised the old and weak, and the Bank of China retorted,

like

If the Han army goes on an expedition, there will be old people giving food to young children. This is not fundamentally different from the practice of the Xiongnu. The Han envoy said that it was illegal for a Xiongnu son to marry his father's concubine. The Bank of China retorted that it was to continue the clan.

Descendants.

The Bank of China said that he was very smart, and no matter what the Han envoy said, he could refute it, point out the benefits of the Huns' behavior, and belittle the behavior of the Han people. The Han envoy wanted to say more, but the Bank of China said that he threatened: "You will give enough gifts from the Han Dynasty.

Otherwise, if the army goes south, the Han people will be in danger."

In the eleventh year of Emperor Wen's reign (169 BC), the Huns robbed the Han Dynasty on the border.

Representative of Politicians and Legalists——Chao Cuo

After Jia Yi, another capable person emerged from the Han Dynasty. He was Chao Cuo, who himself preached - Zongheng Theory on Public Security.

Jia Yi was Liu Heng’s think tank, and Chao Cuo was the prince Liu Qi’s think tank. Both his father and son were good think tanks, but both of them died because of his father and son. The "Government of Wen and Jing" is like flowers in a garden, Jia Yi and Chao Cuo are like the flowers in a garden.

It's like two towering trees. These two big trees are strong and straight. One displays the Confucian style and is righteous; the other continues the Legalist uprightness and is inviolable.

Chao Cuo was a native of Yingchuan (today's Yu County, Henan Province). He was stern, upright, and harsh. In a word, he had the character required by a representative of Legalism. He once studied the thoughts of Shen Buhai and Shang Yang under Zhang Hui, and his articles were erudite.

, Ren Taichang's story. Chao

Chao Cuo's character and knowledge foreshadowed his future destiny. He was a political hardliner who was willing to sacrifice himself for his ideals. When reading about Chao Cuo, I couldn't help but think of Javert in Hugo's novel. Javert is Hugo's fictional character. Chao Cuo

Wrong conduct is almost a fiction.

After the First Emperor of Qin burned books and harassed Confucian scholars, the study of "Shang Shu" was about to become extinct. There was a man named Fu Sheng in the Qi State who was familiar with "Shang Shu". Fu Sheng was ninety years old and could not be drafted. The imperial court sent Chao Cuo to study. Chao Cuo returned after completing his studies.

Full

Speaking of "Book of Documents" is like Jia Yi's mouth full of "Poems" and "Books", who was promoted to Prince Sheren and awarded a doctorate. Chao Cuo and Jia Yicai had similar talents and similar resumes, but they learned different things. One advocated Confucianism and the other believed in Legalism.

Chao Cuo marched forward bravely and wrote a letter asking the prince to learn Shushu. Shushu refers to the strategy and means of governing the country. Most emperors took it to extremes and distorted it into the art of the south. Later, it developed into a thick and black school in the officialdom. The world hates the word Shushu.

Liu Heng saw that Chao Cuo was so talented

Bo, made him an official of the crown prince. Liu Qi's character was very similar to Liu Heng's, but his intelligence was not as good as Chao Cuo's, and he always lost to Chao Cuo in debates. Chao Cuo was better than the prince, everyone respected him, and he was known as a think tank. Chao Cuo

His eloquence was better than that of the prince, and his toughness played a big role.

The old Shanyu listened to Zhong Xing's advice and sent troops to invade the Han Dynasty's borders from time to time. Chao Cuo wrote a letter stating the countermeasures, which is called "Yan Bing Shi Shu". Chao Cuo learned the policy theory well, and after Jia Yi died, Chao Cuo became the first emperor of the Han Dynasty.

1. Chao Cuo’s words were profound, his thoughts were concise, and he was full of integrity and power. In comparison, Chao Cuo’s rationality was well developed, while Jia Yi was good at perceptual analysis.

Chao Cuo pointed out that since the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu had "small gains for small gains, and big gains for big gains", which made the people miserable. The people were miserable. We cannot blame the people for being useless, because "'There are generals who are sure to win, but there are no people who are sure to win.'

". Chao Cuo followed the terrain, generals and weapons.

On the one hand, he analyzed the similarities and differences between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu, and pointed out that the strategy of "attacking the barbarians with barbarians" required cultivating an army with the same fighting habits as the Xiongnu. Chao Cuo's argument was very similar to the Bank of China's persuasion to the Huns, both of which pointed out that

The influence of living habits on people.

With the strategy of "attacking barbarians with barbarians", Liu Heng began to cultivate a sharp army. It takes ten years to cultivate trees and a hundred years to cultivate men. It is difficult to cultivate generals in the army in a hurry. "There are generals who are sure to win, but there are no people who are sure to win."

"Since the founding of the Han Dynasty, there has not been a victorious general like Meng Tian in the court. If a general does not appear for a day, the Han Dynasty will not be able to break through the bottleneck of eliminating the threat of the Xiongnu.

Like a river thawing, Chao Cuo's talents surged and rolled in, out of control. In order to cooperate with the strategy of "attacking barbarians with barbarians", Chao Cuo then proposed the strategy of recruiting people to strengthen the border. Chao Cuo said that the Qin Dynasty had no plan

land"

"Relegation to garrison" is a mistake that will arouse public resentment and cause the people to rise up. He suggested that Liu Heng use reward policies to encourage people to settle in the border areas and develop the frontiers. For example, the guilty people should be exempted from their crimes and the innocent people should be rewarded.

Once the atmosphere of "attacking barbarians with barbarians" and recruiting people to strengthen the border is formed, the Xiongnu will not be able to invade the border wantonly. Chao Cuo's analysis can be said to be profound. The Han Dynasty trained the army and recruited people to strengthen the border. The Huns were very afraid and eager to destroy these two things.

Not long after this policy was implemented, in the fourteenth year of Emperor Wen (AD)

In 166 BC), Shanyu led an army of 140,000 from Chaona Xiaoguan (today's southeast of Guyuan, Ningxia) to Pengyang (today's east of Gansu Zhenyuan). They invaded and looted all the way, smashing, looting, killing the northern captain, and burning back

In the middle palace (now west of Longxian County, Shaanxi Province), Xiaoqi approached Ganquan (now northwest of Chunhua, Shaanxi Province).

The straight-line distance between Ganquan and Chang'an is about 80 kilometers, and it can be reached by light cavalry in one day. Chang'an is in urgent need. The courtiers are panicking, but Liu Heng's command is calm, without losing Huang Lao's style. Facing a bunch of useless courtiers and a weak army, Liu Heng is the only one who can

This kind of kind and indifferent monarch can endure it. If it is the irritable Liu Bang, he does not know what to do.

How many heads will be chopped off? Existence is reasonable. Even if it is unreasonable, existence will gradually become rational. Liu Heng allowed the people to recuperate and recuperate, and also took away the masculinity of the court and weakened the culture of courtiers. Once the emperor and his courtiers, what kind of character is the emperor?

, ministers must also play the character of the emperor, otherwise they will suffer like Jia Yi.

The Xiongnu came with great force this time. Liu Heng ordered Lieutenant Zhou She and Lang Zhong to order Zhang Wu to lead thousands of chariots and 100,000 cavalry to guard outside the city of Chang'an. Lu Qing, the Marquis of Chang, was made the general of Shangjun; Wei Su, the Marquis of Ning, was made the general of the north.

Zhou Zao, the Marquis of Lu, was the general of Longxi; Zhang Xiangru, the Marquis of Dongyang, was the general; and Dong Chi, the Marquis of Cheng, was the general and led the troops to attack the Xiongnu.

The Han army mobilized, but the Huns did not escape. The two armies fought for more than a month. After many hardships, the Han army drove the Huns out of the fortress. Although the Han army won, they killed very few Xiongnu. This was a weak battle.

A war that consumes fresh troops and tests supplies

After a war, both armies suffered losses. This war exposed the weaknesses of the two armies. The Huns had few soldiers and the Han army had no generals. Mao Dun once led 300,000 troops to Pingcheng, and the old Shanyu led 14

Wan moved south, and the number of Xiongnu soldiers became smaller and smaller.

Seeing that the Han army had no generals, the Chanyu became increasingly arrogant, exploited its strengths and circumvented its weaknesses, concentrated its superior forces to fight guerrilla warfare, and entered whenever it wanted, causing numerous casualties among the people, with Yunzhong and Liaodong suffering the most. As Chao Cuo said: "There are

There is no general who is bound to win, but no people who are bound to win."

This time to expel the Xiongnu, although Liu Heng mobilized many generals, there was no strong general. He was a benevolent emperor. In his heart, war was a sin. He just wanted to interact peacefully with the Xiongnu. He did not understand war.
Chapter completed!