At present, Witten and Pang Xuelin have found the dual relationship between five perturbation string theories. If you want to continue to find the remaining dual relationships, you must involve different types of cosmic space interpreted by different solutions in the gravitational field equation.

Whether it is the calculation amount or the effort required, it is not necessarily much smaller than establishing the m theory.

Since Pang Xuelin didn't bother with it and wanted to continue researching, Witten would naturally not stop him.

In the next month, Witten was writing a paper on m theory, while Pang Xuelin continued to study the relationship between analytical solutions and quantum field theory under different situations of gravitational field equations through Ponzi geometry.

This kind of work is very boring. Every day, you need to substitute different solutions for gravitational field equations for verification, Schwarzsie Measurement, Ressler Northrum Measurement, Kerr solution, Tob-nut solution, to Friedman Lemait Robertson Volker solution, Godel Universe, Desit Universe, anti-Desit Space...

After one verification one by one, the calculation amount is very large.

As time passed day by day, Pang Xuelin never found a suitable dual relationship.

Just when Pang Xuelin was wondering if there was a problem with his verification method, one night a month later, Pang Xuelin substituted the analytical solution of the anti-Desit space into the calculation, and the feedback result quickly attracted his attention.

"Hey, I seem to have found something amazing..."

Pang Xuelin's eyes lit up.

According to his calculation results, there is a dual relationship between the string theory in 5-dimensional anti-Desit space-time and the n=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in 4-dimensional space-time.

Expressed by mathematical formulas, i.e. d=4, n=4, su-Yang-Mills theory and iib-type string theory are dual in anti-Desit space-time of s5xs5.

Specifically, the symmetry of the theories on both sides is Psu, including soxso, the super-co-type remains unchanged and the super-Poincaré remains unchanged.

There is sls-duality on both sides, which can be said to be a duality among dualities.

In the theory of large n field, n corresponds to a 5-form rr manifold, that is: n=∫s^5f5.

The coupling constant gym in Yang-Mills theory and the chord coupling constant gs have the following correspondence: gs=gym^2/π, λ=gym^2n=l^4/a‘^4.

When λgt;gt;1, the radius of ads is much larger than the chord length, and gravity can be calculated classically, but the perturbation calculation of field theory fails. When λlt;lt;1, the perturbation calculation of field theory can be calculated perturbation, but the calculation of string theory is very difficult.

...

It took a whole night, Pang Xuelin not only verified the five-dimensional anti-Desit space-time ads5, but also successively verified the three-dimensional anti-Desit space-time ads3, the four-dimensional anti-Desit space-time, and the seven-dimensional anti-Desit space-time, and finally put forward the following conjecture:

There is a dual relationship between quantum gravity theory in Vydsit space-time and conformal field theory in d-dimensional space-time.

To put it in more specific language, that is, if there are two worlds, one with five-dimensional space-time, there is gravity between objects, and the other world only has four-dimensional space-time, and there is no gravity between objects, under normal circumstances, everyone will think that these two worlds are absolutely completely different. But Pang Xuelin has now found that in a specific situation, various evidence shows that these two worlds can be exactly the same.

Pang Xuelin didn't know whether the conjecture he proposed was correct, but there was no doubt that if this conjecture was valid, it would represent the importance of human understanding of string theory and quantum gravity theory.

Because it provides a complete definition of the m theory in the special case of anti-Desit space-time geometry, where negative energy in these specific cases causes space-time to bend in a different way from the universe, for such an imaginary world, physicists can describe the process of all energy generation, theoretically, even including the formation and evaporation of black holes.

What Pang Xuelin didn't know was that the conjecture he proposed was the famous ads/cft dualism in later generations.

This theory was proposed by Argentine theoretical physicist Juan Mardasina.

It was his discovery that made most theoretical physicists list m theory as a priority candidate for the theory of all things.

In later generations, Mardacina and Witten were ranked as the founders of the m theory.

The paper Mardacina's paper on the ads/cft dual has become a classic work in later generations of theoretical physics, with citations of up to 16,000 times, making it the most cited articles of all theoretical physics.

ads/cft directly feeds more than half of the people with high-energy theory except pheno, plus some condensed matter and quantum information researchers.

In the field of high-energy physics, there has always been a saying of ads/cft.

...

Pang Xuelin stood up from the chair and stretched his waist long.

Although he didn't sleep all night, his brain was still in a state of high excitement.

Unlike Witten, he was mainly responsible for establishing the mathematical structure of the m theory, and some specific physics ideas were proposed by Witten.

However, the ads/cft duality is the first major physics problem he truly solved independently. Although he is not clear about the status of this theory in the physical world in the real world, he is very clear that after he put forward this conjecture, physics is not much smaller than m theory.

It can be regarded as an important supplement to the m theory. To a certain extent, the establishment of the mathematical structure of the m theory and the proposal of the ads/cft duality, Pang Xuelin's contribution to the m theory has exceeded that of Edward Witten.

Next, Pang Xuelin spent another whole week writing a paper on the ads/cft dual relationship.

A week later, Pang Xuelin placed his paper on Edward Witten's desk.

"The big n limit and supergravity of superconformal field theory?"

Edward Witten glanced at Pang Xuelin with some surprise, then looked down and continued to look down.

The office became quiet. The paper written by Pang Xuelin was not long, less than ten pages, but Edward Witten read it for two hours.

After a long time, Edward Witten slowly raised his head, looked at Pang Xuelin with a complicated expression, and said with a wry smile: "Pang, I regret it a little. I should have listened to you at that time and continued to work with you to study it. I didn't expect you to achieve such a result."

Pang Xuelin smiled and said, "It's not too late now, why would this paper be signed together?"

Edward Witten is a big shot in the theoretical physics community. The two of them are working together to develop M theory. If Witten really wants to sign together, it is difficult for Pang Xuelin to refuse.

Edward Witten shook his head and smiled, "Forget it, this is the result of your independent research. I don't want to become a scholar. But your paper is just right, and I have already written the paper on M Theory. We are co-authors, and these two papers are published together. I am going to submit the article "Science". What do you think?"

Pang Xuelin said: "Let me leave this to you to deal with, I have no objection."
Chapter completed!