Although it is much smaller than the hive laboratory, compared with the life science laboratories in the real world, the Kempten Base underground laboratory is still a behemoth.

In the laboratory, there are spectrometers, chromatographs, gene introduction instruments, protein purification systems, cell fusion instruments, electrophoresis instruments, atomic absorption spectrometers, virus immunofluorescence analyzers, chromatographs, biochemical analyzers, cryo-electron microscopy, etc., and there are also many instruments and equipment that Pang Xuelin has never seen before.

For example, the artificial uterus used for somatic cell cloning, the surface of this artificial uterus looks like huge glass jars, connected through various pipes, which can provide a series of nutrients and growth hormones for the clones inside.

According to Spruce, this artificial uterus can allow a clone to grow from a fertilized egg state to an adult state within half a year.

Pang Xuelin then suddenly realized that the glass jars filled with Alice clones he had seen before at the underground base of Elvin Town were probably the so-called artificial uterus.

In addition, there are some instruments and equipment that are also very interesting.

For example, a 4D-EM high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy used to analyze the three-dimensional structure of proteins.

This is the first time Pang Xuelin has seen this cryo-electron microscope.

In the real world, cryo-electron microscopy can be mainly divided into three categories, namely cryotransmission electron microscopy, cryo-scanning electron microscopy, and cryoetching electron microscopy.

Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy is the most common. Usually, a sample freezer is installed on a common transmission electron microscope to cool the sample to liquid nitrogen temperature (77k). It is used to observe temperature-sensitive samples such as proteins and biological sections. By freezing the sample, the damage to the sample by the electron beam can be reduced and the deformation of the sample can be reduced, thereby obtaining the real sample morphology.

Cryo-scanning electron microscopy is a fast, reliable and effective way to overcome the water content of samples. This technique is also widely used to observe some "difficulty" samples, such as those with instability that are sensitive to electron beams.

The third type of cryoetching electron microscope can allow the sample to freeze and make its fine structure close to the highest state. After the sample is frozen and fractured, the fine structures of different splitting surfaces can be observed, and the membrane structure and inclusion structure in the cells can be studied. The frozen-etched samples and the recombinant film prepared by platinum and carbon spraying have a strong three-dimensional sense and can withstand electron beam bombardment and long-term preservation.

In the real world, cryo-electron microscope is a high-end equipment in the field of biology, with a price of around 6 million US dollars, and there are not many units in China. Among them, the largest cryo-electron microscope center is located in Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen.

However, these three cryo-electron microscopes in Kempten's underground laboratory have disappeared, but are replaced by 4d-em cryo-electron microscopes.

This cryo-electron microscope does not exist in the real world. It uses femtosecond laser to replace ordinary electrons and presents ultra-fast images, which greatly improves the resolution of the sample.

Moreover, after Spruses' introduction, Pang Xuelin discovered that the emergence of this electron microscopy technology actually allowed scientists to analyze the evolutionary routes of the three-dimensional structure and function of certain protein molecules.

This is a very important academic achievement.

According to evolutionary theory, the large number of proteins with diverse structures and functions in nature evolved from a limited number of protein ancestral molecules.

However, scientists have found in their research that protein molecules with new functions can be evolved in a short period of time in nature.

For example, shortly after some artificial chemicals appeared, enzymes that specifically decompose them appeared in nature.

After some new antibiotics are put into use for a few decades, new proteins with drug-resistant functions appear in some microorganisms.

The basis of the evolution of protein structure and function is amino acid sequence changes.

The most likely sequence changes in evolution include changes in single amino acid residue types at a specific location, insertion of new sequence fragments or loss of sequence fragments, etc.

In the real world, due to the relatively limited means of studying and observing protein structure and evolution, it is difficult for scientists to clarify the physicochemical mechanism behind the changes in protein structure and function.

In the Resident Evil world, with the help of 4D-EM cryo-electron microscopy, atomic probe chromatography and other means, scientists have been able to clearly understand the evolution process of certain protein molecules.

In addition, Pang Xuelin also saw a brand new gene editing technology in the laboratory.

In the real world, there are two main types of gene editing technologies, one is crispr/cas9 technology, and the other is single-base editing technology.

The so-called crispr is actually a repeated sequence in the genome of a prokaryotic organism. It is an immune weapon produced by the struggle between bacteria and viruses in the history of life evolution. Simply put, it is that viruses can integrate their genes into bacteria and use bacteria's cellular tools to serve their gene replication.

In order to eliminate the virus's foreign invasion genes, bacteria evolved the Crispr/cas9 system. Using this system, bacteria can quietly remove the virus gene from their genome, which is the unique immune system of bacteria.

Microbiologists have mastered the immune function of bacteria to remove foreign virus genes. The typical model is to rely on a complex that can target DNA sequences under the guidance of a section of RNA, and then remove the sequence.

Many bacterial immune complexes are relatively complex. Among them, scientists have mastered the operation technology of one protein, Cas9, and have successively removed DNA from multiple target cells.

This technology, known as the Crispr/cas9 gene editing system, has become the most popular technology in the real world in life sciences.

However, in actual applications, the Crispr/cas9 technology has off-target effects, and its application in gene therapy and other aspects has serious side effects.

The be3 single-base gene editing technology also has off-target problems, which may even lead to a large number of oncogenes and tumor suppressor gene mutations, which also has great safety risks in practical applications.

This is also an important reason why He Jiankui, an associate professor at South China University of Science and Technology, was severely condemned two years ago, and it is also a starting point for prohibiting genetic manipulation of human embryos for reproduction.

Because of this, in the real world, human gene editing technology is still in a very early stage.

Humans are also looking for a new generation of gene editing tools that are better than Crispr/cas9.

In 2016, there was a sensational Han Chunyu incident in China.

Han Chunyu, an associate professor from HB University of Science and Technology, claimed that he has found a brand new gene editing tool, the ngago/gdna system, which is much higher in accuracy and editing efficiency than the Crispr/cas9 system.

After this paper was published in the top international journal Nature Biotechnology, it attracted strong attention at home and abroad, and was even hailed by some media as the "Nobel Prize-level" experimental results.

But shortly after that, the content of the paper fell into unrepeatable controversy.

Because biological experiments are indeed not as repetitive as physical or chemical experiments due to operation, environment, complexity of experimental objects, etc., for example, it is difficult to ensure that PCR for complex templates can be successful every time, and the experiments on certain cells are greatly affected by cell state, cell source, etc.

Even many S-level articles have many experimental results that cannot be repeated.

In the end, Han Chunyu's incident ended in nothing.

But now, Pang Xuelin has seen a brand new gene editing technology in the underground laboratory in Kempten Town.

This technique is called the hedna editing tool.

When this tool performs gene splicing, gene knock-in and knock-out, the accuracy rate reaches more than 99.99999%, and there is almost no problem of off-target or mutation.

It is precisely because of the existence of this editing technology that the life science technology in the Resident Evil world is so amazing.

This is also an important reason why umbrella companies can develop T virus.

"Professor Berkeley, what has the progress of the laboratory's research on T virus?"

Pang Xuelin is very interested in the principle of T virus.

Berkeley pondered for a moment and said, "Mr. Pang, we can basically confirm that the principle of T virus is to change the regeneration of cells and accelerate the metabolism and repair ability of cells. This also makes it difficult for many zombies to be killed by physical attacks. When humans are infected with T virus, they are blocked by the human immune system. White blood cells will try to kill infected cells, which leads to a large amount of necrotic tissue in the human body. In order to repair tissue loss and restore the function of the immune system, a large amount of food is needed to provide materials and energy sources, so the infected people have a strong appetite.

The appetite of these creatures is greatly increased. As long as they see, hear, and smell the existence of the creature, they will immediately rush over to chase the prey he is targeting. It is precisely because of this that zombies become so violent after being infected with T virus.

It should be noted that under normal circumstances, the brain is protected by tissue isolation and protection called the blood-brain barrier and does not contact immune cells. Therefore, if the barrier is not damaged, the brain is very hopeful to complete mutation in a relatively intact. Therefore, zombies can still walk upright and have the behavior of foraging. This is also the reason why zombies die completely after we use guns to hit the zombie's brain..."

Pang Xuelin said: "Then how long do you think this crisis will last before it will end? Will those zombies die in the future?"

Berkeley said: "Zombie activities also require energy replenishment. At present, more than 99% of the world's people have been infected with zombies, which has led to the increasing lack of food for zombies in cities. If food is not replenished for a long time, zombies can only maintain basic vitality by corroding their bodies. According to our estimates, as fast as five years or as slow as ten years, zombies around the world will die on a large scale. However, by that time, it is unknown how many people are left on the earth."

Pang Xuelin nodded and did not ask any more questions.

This is almost the same as he guessed.

The best way for those infected zombies is to wait for them to die slowly.

What really made Pang Xuelin difficult were Spencer, Muscu, William Berkin, and other ambitious people from the Umbrella Company.

Pang Xuelin could vaguely guess Spencer and his friends' thoughts.

For Spencer and others, after being infected with T virus or G virus, they have become monsters in the eyes of ordinary humans.

Even in a sense, they have become other species.

This is also the reason why Spencer and his team were able to launch a Resident Evil on Earth without any scruples.

In the eyes of these people, the demise of human beings is just the death of alien races.

What they really have to do is lead the Umbrella Company’s people to find a completely new, flawless path to evolution.

Once they succeed, another species that resembles humans will be born on the earth in the future.

They will also become the ancestors of this species and become the true gods.

If Pang Xuelin wants to preserve mankind, he will sooner or later go against Spencer and the others.

Fortunately, Pang Xuelin still has buffering time now. The body modified by genetic optimization agents has made Spencer and the others recognize Pang Xuelin's existence.

Therefore, as long as they have not made any progress in the research of t/g virus, they will not easily attack Pang Xuelin.

"We must find a way to find an antidote against T virus. Only Spencer and his men do not have the support of T virus will be the best time to counterattack."

Visit the underground laboratory.

Pang Xuelin was about to say something to Spruses who was following him, and saw Jill hurried over and shouting: "Professor Pang, no, the umbrella company has brought Dr. Ashford, Alice is going to kill him, and Claire is now trying to stop Alice."

Pang Xuelin was slightly stunned and said, "Let's go up and take a look."

Back at the ground, Pang Xuelin saw Alexander Ashford sitting in a wheelchair at the gate of the manor. Alice pressed a knife against Dr. Ashford's neck. The soldiers sent by the umbrella company to protect Ashford pointed guns at Alice. Claire was trying to persuade both."

"What are you doing?"

Pang Xuelin walked forward and grabbed Alice's long knife directly.

Alice struggled slightly, as if she was worried about hurting Pang Xuelin, and did not exert much force.

She glared at Pang Xuelin and said, "This guy is not a good person, why are you protecting him?"

Pang Xuelin used a little force to snatch the knife from Alice's hand, and smiled and said, "Dr. Ashford is his own person."

As he said that, Pang Xuelin blinked at Alice.

Alice frowned and looked at Pang Xuelin. After a while, she said, "Remember what you said to me some time ago."

After saying that, she turned around and left.

Pang Xuelin turned his head and looked at Ashford and said, "Dr. Ashford, I'm sorry, my companion has a hot temper."

Ashford waved his hand and signaled his subordinates to put the gun down, saying, "It's okay, Professor Pang, I'm glad to see you again."

Pang Xuelin smiled and said, "I am also very happy to see you again. By the way, where is Angela? Why didn't she come?"

Pang Xuelin has a good impression of that smart little girl.

Ashford showed a wry smile on his face and said, "Mr. Spencer was worried that Angela would not be able to adapt to life here, so he didn't let her come."
Chapter completed!