Chapter 260 Land rent, interest rate spread, salary [please ask for monthly tickets!]

Author: West Lake encounters rain

Chapter 260 Land rent, interest rate spread, salary [please ask for monthly tickets!]

"In this way, all countries within the influence of the Ming Navy will become part of the trading system with the Ming Dynasty as the core and the future customs alliance."

"And once."

"Wait a minute, Mr. Jiang."

Zheng He interrupted Jiang Xinghuo's words and asked a question.

"I can understand the tariffs, but what does the customs deed and future customs alliance mean?"

The term tariff was, as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, Song Wugong issued a decree based on the commercial development of Suiyang City, the capital of Song State at that time, and asked some personnel who guarded the city gates and managed the business to "get the gates and get the levy", which later called it "the levy of the city", that is, tariffs. "The Literature of the Zhou Dynasty: Tianguan" also records: "The levy of the city is to treat the king's food and clothing". The Zhou Dynasty also collected part of the tariffs from the vassal states to meet the needs of the royal family.

Therefore, this concept that has existed since ancient times can be fully understood by people in the Ming Dynasty.

But the customs contract and future customs alliances are a bit difficult for them to understand.

Jiang Xinghuo paused and explained to him first: "The so-called tariff contract is the tariff rules formulated between two or more countries by signing tariff trade contracts. There are two types of completely different natures: one is an independent agreement tariff contract, that is, through a contract, the tariff rate that gives each other a certain preferential treatment on the basis of voluntary reciprocity; the other is a one-sided agreement tariff contract, that is, the tariff rate that one country signs an agreement under the coercion of another country and gives preferential treatment one-sidedly."

"Which type is Mr. Jiang talking about? The second type?" Zheng He asked tentatively.

Jiang Xinghuo's answer was slightly beyond Zheng He's expectations.

"Of course the first one."

"Why? The Ming Dynasty is strong. Shouldn't it be possible to obtain more trade and trade benefits through the second type, that is, one-sided agreement on tariff contracts?" Zhu Gaoxu was a little puzzled.

According to his understanding, it is already considered kindness to not send troops directly to rob. How can we still trade fairly? To trade fairly, isn’t my Ming Dynasty powerful?

Jiang Xinghuo did not explain too much, but just said lightly.

"Free is the most expensive; fair is the most unfair."

After hearing this, the three of them fell into thinking for a moment, as if they were all gaining something.

"In fact, signing a customs contract fairly is also a prerequisite for future customs alliances. After all, in a geopolitical trading system, if the customs contract is unfair, it will be difficult for the customs alliance to maintain it for a long time."

Otherwise, it wouldn’t be that Daming and you are connected to each other. Are you thinking about Daming?

"As for what a customs alliance is, it will only appear when global trade is heading towards the next stage and trade competition occurs. Tariff competition with different regions as the main body, you only need to understand the concept of this."

"The so-called customs alliance refers to the alliance between the Ming Dynasty and some countries. The alliances completely abolished the tariff restrictions on commodity trade, so that goods can flow freely among the countries of the alliance, and a unified tax restriction is adopted on imported goods from countries outside the alliance. This is not available for the time being."

Jiang Xinghuo added in his heart that he may not be able to see it in his lifetime.

After all, if the Ming Dynasty really started the first industrial revolution, then with the size of the Ming Dynasty, the global leadership for as many as three hundred years would not be able to escape. This kind of leadership is the only one.

Of course, under the current population and military technology conditions, it is unrealistic for the Ming Dynasty to directly rule West Asia, Western Europe and other places. Therefore, if it is really in the future of this world and the era of the Second Industrial Revolution is launched, then the Ming Dynasty's global hegemony is likely to face the challenges of latecomers in some regions.

This kind of challenge may not necessarily pose a huge threat to the military and political aspects, but it is destined in economic terms, so when the time comes, the customs alliance will be necessary.

In Jiang Xinghuo's previous life, why did the British still survive for so long after retreating from the position of the Sun-Don't Set Empire? To put it bluntly, isn't it that a series of trading systems composed of raw materials and commodity dumping places have not collapsed yet?

As long as the trade system is retained, the internal and external circulation will not stagnate and will still have the ability to rise again.

"There is another benefit to building a trading system dominated by the Ming Dynasty with the tariff contract as the core."

"There is another benefit?" Zheng He was stunned, but he couldn't imagine it.

Jiang Xinghuo nodded slightly: "Yes, I haven't heard of this, but he has heard of it. It is the offshore silver treasure banknote. As long as it is a country within the Ming Dynasty's trading system, regardless of whether it is exporting rice or importing cloth, it must be settled with the offshore silver treasure banknotes of the Ming Dynasty."

“So.”

Zhu Gaoxu, who had heard the previous "History of Chinese Currency", blurted out.

"In this way, the Ming Dynasty can not only control the economy and livelihood of other countries by influencing the prices of major export commodities, but also directly harvest wealth through the ratio of offshore silver treasure banknotes to silver!"

"Um."

Jiang Xinghuo did not continue, but stopped the topic at the right time and said: "These are all deductions made by Mr. Zhuo on how to satisfy the meal after the agricultural class has been transformed into the manual class. Now let's continue to talk about the topic just now. In fact, through this question just now, you probably understand what kind of manifestation of the productivity of the industrial country is. What I want to say next is how the new 'residual' flows in the four social classes of the industrial country."

"After understanding how 'residual' flows, you understand why I said that industrial countries can resolve conflicts between people and land at the root."

Jiang Xinghuo didn't talk nonsense to them, and continued to write with thick branches next to the three social classes and the formula for the composition of national wealth in the agricultural country before.

Landlord class: land, land rent (rewards paid to land investment)

Agricultural class: labor, surplus agricultural products (remuneration paid to agricultural labor)

Main class of manual workshops: assets, interest rate spreads (rewards paid to asset investment)

Handicrafts: labor, wages (remuneration paid to manual labor)

"These are the four social classes of industrial countries that I just mentioned. Among them, although the handicrafts and the handicrafts of agricultural countries have the same name, their nature has undergone a transformation."

Jiang Xinghuo explained this transformation in detail, and at this point, he seemed particularly patient.

".Because there are more masters of manual workshops, the manual workshops in industrial countries no longer directly exchange surplus agricultural products with the agricultural industry for handicraft products, but instead receive wages from the master workshops, and then use wages to purchase surplus agricultural products, as well as other goods and services required for life. Can you understand?"

Seeing the three of them nodding, Jiang Xinghuo continued to say.

"In the era of industrial countries, the composition formula of national wealth was different from that of agricultural countries."

Total national wealth in the agricultural country = surplus agricultural products of the agricultural class + surplus agricultural products of the landlord class + surplus agricultural products of the manual class

Total national wealth in industrial countries = land rent + surplus agricultural products + interest rate spread + wage remuneration

"In this formula, we assume that the period when we just evolved from an agricultural country to an industrial country, during which it is foreseeable that the surplus agricultural products in the hands of the agricultural class must be as good as in the past, and are only enough to support their families."

Jiang Xinghuo was silent for a few moments before saying, "The wages of the craftsmanship class are also wages for survival."

"What is survival pay?" Zhu Gaoxu asked.

"Survival wages are paid by the main class of the manual workshop and used for the survival of the manual workshop, which is converted into surplus agricultural products, and in terms of quantity, it is more than what the manual classes obtained in the past." Jiang Xinghuo replied.

“Why are there too many?”

As soon as Zhu Gaoxu said that he had asked a stupid question.

"If you can't get more profits than in the past, then no one will take the initiative to engage in it, and it will not attract the transformation of the agricultural class into the handicraft class. Of course, it is just that there are more numbers, but what comes with this new lifestyle is the destruction of traditional life. It is difficult to say which one is right and who is wrong."

"But it seems to sound pretty good?" Zheng He said.

"The profits are obtained than in the past, but they just sound pretty good."

Jiang Xinghuo said sadly: "For the main class of manual workshops, letting workers have enough food to work is the same as lubrication of the spinning machine's spindle, so this part of the wages is bound to be paid, and it is not anyone's conscience to discover."

Jiang Xinghuo shook his head and temporarily put the emotions in his mind on hold.

After all, the class is about pure classical political economy formulas, which are absolutely rational and cannot be substituted for too many personal feelings, otherwise it will be disrespect for this knowledge that can lead to the art of dragon slaying.

“Let’s talk about the formula.”

"What I want to tell you is that in the early days of the era of industrial countries, the surplus agricultural products obtained by the agricultural class and the wages obtained by the manual class were ignored in the overall perspective of national wealth. What we mainly calculated is the land rent of the landlord class and the interest rate spread of the manual factory owner class."

Jiang Xinghuo pointed to the formula on the ground and said.

"In other words, land rent plus interest spread is the 'surplus' of national wealth in the industrial era."

"If the main class of manual workshops and the landlord class consume all the "surplus", then the production in the next period will be exactly the same as in the previous period, but it is obviously impossible. The landlord class knows that they can save food and sell money to buy new land. How could the main class of manual workshops not know?"

"Remaining. Class"

Zhuo Jing twisted his beard and looked at the words on the ground, and with a "bang", he broke another beard.

"I understand!"

"Old man Zhuo, talk quickly!" Zhu Gaoxu said repeatedly.

Zhuo Jing gave the ungrateful little boy a glance and said just now.

"I believe that the reason why the conflict between people and land cannot be resolved in the era of agricultural countries is that the 'surplus', that is, surplus agricultural products, are all invested in the 'circulation' of the next agricultural product production process. In such an infinite cycle, although the output of agricultural products can be increased, due to the overall number of fields, new surplus cannot be generated from the perspective of national wealth."

"I know this too!"

Ignoring Zhu Gaoxu, Zhuo Jing continued.

"In the era of industrial countries, the interest rate spreads obtained by the main class of manual workshops can be used like rent to accumulate and invest in the next round of ‘circular’ production, expand the site, purchase equipment, and hire the manual class, and export the produced goods to the outside world."

Zhuo Jing said slowly: "This is equivalent to breaking through the internal 'circulation' of the agricultural era and conducting a new 'circulation' from the outside. In this way, in the process of production after round, the interest rate spreads obtained by the main class of manual workshops will be larger and larger, and unlike the landlord class, it is limited by the overall number of fields."

“That is,.”

Zhu Gaoxu suddenly said: "National wealth is no longer restricted by the land. In theory, if the Ming Dynasty had a large overseas market enough, it could continue to expand its national wealth!"

Jiang Xinghuo nodded slightly and made up for a small loophole just now.

"For all classes in the Ming Dynasty, what I gain is no longer what they lose! If the national wealth grows to a certain extent, then the agricultural and manual classes will also benefit, and in addition to the salary of survival, there will also be residual salary."
Chapter completed!