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Global missions regardless of time, season and region are OPS's unique mission format. In order to cope with various possibilities

The mission locations and tactics derived from various terrain types have become the most basic training requirements for OPS.

For the sake of simplicity, this article will focus on the four major categories of jungle, mountain, snow and three-dimensional town, and proceed with one lecture for each major category.

I will give you a brief explanation and introduction.

jungle terrain

In fact, the jungle terrain should be roughly divided into flat jungle, hilly jungle and alpine jungle. The standard for differentiation is

Those below 250M are flat jungles, those between 250 and 750M are hilly jungles, and those above 750M are alpine jungles.

Perhaps many people will think that 750M is not a high mountain, and it must be at least 1500M to qualify, but the method used by the author

The standard is based on vegetation in the northern hemisphere at 20 degrees north latitude. Plants in the 750M mountainous area at this latitude may already be needles.

/ Broad-leaved mixed vegetation, and this set of calculation standards actually uses plant species as the identification criterion. At the same time, this set of accurate

The same applies to regions. Plants in flat forests and tropical forests are the same, while hilly forests have the same plants as subtropical forests.

Jungles, alpine jungles are the same as boreal jungles, and the super highland jungles higher than the boreal jungles are actually sparse.

It is not considered a jungle. We classify it as snow or mountain terrain and is not included in this discussion. The following are the first three types.

Give a brief description of the terrain.

plain jungle

When it comes to plain jungles, what most people remember most is probably the dense and dense jungle in a series of Vietnam War movies, which can appear at any time.

The impression of the Viet Cong ambushing the panicked American soldiers. In fact, regardless of the plot, most of the Vietnam War

The description of the tropical jungle in the film is correct, or it would be more appropriate to call it a tropical rainforest. In the tropical rainforest

, the most objectionable thing is that the plants grow too lush and lively, so dense that the visibility is less than 1%.

Meter level is considered normal, but the strong vitality of the tropical rainforest will make it possible to use up the power of nine cows and two tigers just yesterday.

The trail that was opened up was completely covered by another denser bush of unknown plants today. Under such circumstances

, road identification is already quite difficult, let alone any reconnaissance and formation. As for engagement and counter-ambush,

Regarding the application of tactics, let me quote the most common saying between instructors and classmates when the author was training in the United States: "Do

everythingyoucando,anddoitbest.ThantrustGod.」

But for the special operations troops, it is not something they can endure. Taking the initiative is the style of OPS.

Therefore, to deal with the dense tropical rainforest, the special operations team has two reactions: one is the distribution of the formation, and the other is the entire team's response.

The march of the team and the formation distribution of the team are different from the flat terrain in the previous lecture. Due to the vegetation of the tropical rain forest

Dense, the team's way of traveling in this kind of terrain is very limited, usually only single column, double column and single arrow, double

It’s just an arrow formation, and due to the limited visibility distance, the distance between team members is often quite close in order to maintain visual contact.

, usually only between 3 and 5M, and the distance between the enemy and the main team rarely exceeds 30M. In such a dense environment,

In a concentrated formation, there are only two ways to prevent the enemy from attacking: First, every team member knows the entire journey.

And agree on several meeting points in advance. If they are attacked, they will disperse in small groups and leave the war zone separately.

Rendezvous at the designated place at the agreed time; second, maintain the integrity of the formation and uninterrupted firepower, and use the best possible force after being attacked

Use heavy firepower to get out of the combat zone as quickly as possible, and then reorganize the team after leaving the line of fire. Of course! The second method is more suitable.

spirit of OPS, but in many cases, the first situation has to be applied. Please recall the first chapter of this lecture.

Talk about the intellectual requirements of special operations personnel, including the information and information that each team member needs to memorize for each mission.

The report, in which the information about the route and mission time is prepared for this possibility.

As for the march of the second type of team, in fact, the following reconnaissance formations are commonly used in the rainforest. These formations simultaneously

It can be used in dark nights, unknown areas and over-the-top grasslands. In fact, these formations are ideal for underwater searches, aerial reconnaissance and vehicles.

Vehicle patrols are equally effective. The only areas where they are not applicable are urban land reclamation, urban area buildings and high-rise mountainous terrain.

Grid coordinate search method

The grid coordinate search method is quite simple. Divide the task area into 9 squares, each square is 150~300??.

In order to facilitate the explanation of the traveling route, we define the upper left corner as the first grid, the directly above as the second grid, the upper right corner as the third grid, and the middle

The left is fourth and the middle is fifth.

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The lower right is the ninth. When we take the seventh grid as the starting point, we first face

Go up, which is the fourth square, the first square, then turn right to the second square, then turn right and go down to the fifth square, eighth square, turn left

On the ninth square, turn left and move upward towards the sixth and third squares. When you reach the third square, all nine squares have been

The first reconnaissance was conducted, but it was not enough. The second reconnaissance started from the sixth to the third grid and arrived at

After the third square, go forward left, pass the second square, reach the first square, then turn left and go down towards the fourth square. Wang Da's second

After four squares, immediately turn left and go forward toward the fifth and sixth squares. After reaching the sixth square, turn left again and go down toward the ninth.

After reaching the ninth square, immediately turn left and proceed to the eighth square, and finally stop at the seventh square, which is where we started.

So far, we have thoroughly searched the entire mission area twice. This area search method can

A complete and thorough search of the entire mission area is widely loved by units at all levels, but it is the ancient circular search method.

Also known as the bee detour method or the concentric circle search method, because it rotates in the same direction, it is easy to produce confusing parallax.

, and the monotonous and repetitive detours in one direction are also annoying. In recent years, it is rare to hear of units adopting

Use this search method.

sector search method

In fact, the sector search method was first adopted by the Air Force units because this search method has a longer route.

, it is really not a good choice for infantry who rely on two legs, and the flight of the aircraft is anyway with one and two rudders.

, kicking the wheels, the lead aircraft will fly into the sky first, what does the length of the route have to do with me? And because of the space of the sector search method

Navigation is much easier in China. You only need to fly to and from the specified azimuth angles for a specified time or distance, and return to

After fixing the point, specify another bearing line. Not only is it easy to navigate, but it is also much simpler to judge the point of no return. Compared with the square grid

The search method has nine fold angles, and the designated flight distance and time at each azimuth angle are uncertain, the Air Force chooses

The reason for the sector search method is not difficult to understand.

The method of fan search method is to conduct a careful search along both sides of a main axis according to the coming and going directions. The general standard

It is a quadrant divided into six axes. The angle between the two axes is 15°. According to the main axis, plus or minus seven and a half degrees each is

Back and forth navigation azimuth. For example, if the main axis is 315°, the going azimuth angle is 307.5°, and the return azimuth angle is 307.5°.

is 322.5°. This rule applies to both the air and the ground, but there are some differences in distance. The distance in the air

Adjustments are made based on the aircraft's point of no return, and the search range on the ground is limited to 1000M ~ 3000M as a standard, so

Because a distance that is too long will make the distance between the reentry points too wide, causing a blind spot in the search. In addition, a distance that is too long will

Distance will also make the time stretch too long, which is a challenge to the physical and mental strength of the team members. When performing the fan search method

When doing this, you should pay attention to time control and adaptability at any time, because the task area of ​​the same size makes the grid coordinate search

The time of the method will be shorter than that of the fan search method, and the advantage of the fan search is that you can return to the starting point every time.

It is of great benefit for repairs, intelligence returns and new acquisitions, but generally speaking, the sector search method is more suitable for formation defense.

The use of peripheral patrols and a total of twenty-four search axes in four quadrants will ensure the security of the entire perimeter of the position.

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river search method

In tropical rain forests, rivers, swamps, dense forests, quicksand and grasslands are all common combinations, but in the latter four terrains

We can all apply the formations mentioned above, but the river terrain has never been mentioned, but in fact, rivers

There has always been only one way to travel and search the land, and that is to walk along the river. Generally speaking, traveling along the river

When searching, there is no absolute standard for the distance between the team's traveling position and the river. Many operation manuals will

The river distance of 35~75M or 25~50 yards is mentioned, but in fact it is only a recommended value at best. The distance between rivers should be

The team should be kept in the shelter closest to the river, but in order to prevent the soft ground near the river, which may cause
To be continued...