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Development, Origin and New Definition

Speaking of blasting, its earliest origin must of course be mentioned in the wisdom of the ancient Chinese, but every time I think of it, I will think of it.

The unscrupulous future generations have not only been overtaken in technology, but have also been forced to endure two hundred years of humiliation. Alas, China! China!

When will the country become stronger again? As early as a thousand years ago in the Tang Dynasty (682 AD), China’s great medical scientists

Sun Simiao recorded in detail in the "Sulfur Fu Method" in the "Alchemy Classic" the method of combining charcoal, sulfur and potassium nitrate.

After mixing at a fixed ratio of 15:75:10, the burning speed will be quite fast and stable, and a flame can be produced.

In addition to high fever, Danshis in the Tang Dynasty believed that sulfur contained strong poison and was "easy to fly" when caught on fire and difficult to "catch".

The general in the medicine must go through the fire to remove the black and brown colors and make it golden yellow, cinnabar color or snow white.

Using, expressed in the chemical formulas used today, this process is:

2KNo3 (saltpeter) + 2S (sulfur) → K2SO4 + SO2 (gas) + N2 (gas)

, and later discovered that if these mixtures were placed in a sealed paper tube and then ignited, a loud noise would be produced.

, because the sound is very similar to the sound of bamboo joints exploding after being burned in a fire, so this thing is called

Firecrackers have become an indispensable entertainment prop in Chinese festivals for thousands of years, and the mixture

It is the fundamental source of all explosions - black powder.

But the development of black powder took more than 1,300 years between its invention and its use as explosives for blasting?

time, among which

For nearly a thousand years, black powder did not become a serious military use. By the end of the fifteenth century, the Mongol army

They marched westward and created a huge empire unprecedented in human history. Its territory covered the five continents known to mankind at that time.

Four-quarters of the world's land area is one-half of the world's land area. In addition to the powerful Mongolian elite cavalry, it relies on another

The most powerful weapon is artillery. It stretches across Central Asia and reaches the city of Vienna. All the castles along the way are invincible to artillery.

The powerful destructive power not only broke the feudal castle system, but also ended the Dark Ages in Europe and began the history of civilization.

of another page.

However, the development of modern explosives did not begin until the 18th century. In 1771, P. Wolfe of England synthesized picric acid.

It was originally used as a yellow dye, not as an explosive; in 1832, nitroglycerin was produced, and in 1846, nitroglycerin was produced.

After the oil manufacturing process was also confirmed, in 1863, the Swede Nobel discovered that nitroglycerin could be produced through nitration.

After being absorbed by cotton, it becomes a stable explosive, which is today's TNT explosive (also known as yellow explosive), 1889

In 2006, RDX explosive (Hexogen, generally translated as Haisaogeng in China, and Hexogen in mainland China) was transformed into

Combined, the military use of explosives became more certain. After World War II, the characteristics of plastic explosives were similar to

The infinite application possibilities have brought the development of explosives to another level. With RDX and HMX as the main explosives,

The molded charge mixing mode using TNT and other polymer compounds as binders or polymerization agents has also become a mainstream mode.

, has not been changed so far.

In modern times, blasting has moved from its original military use into general civilian use, and is indispensable for mining and road construction.

First hand in demolishing houses and blowing up ships, because the demolition experts retired from the military?

There are more and more talents, and various uses have been discovered one by one, but

The method of blasting has also become a professional art. Today's blasting no longer simply uses explosives.

The use of physics has become an essential skill for modern demolition players, and the versatile skills combined with the site and materials

It also pushed the image of the Demoman to the highest level. The Demoman is no longer the weirdo who played with explosives.

Blasting principles and training

Demoman training begins with chemistry class. The first thing you learn is chemical composition. All explosives contain a variety of chemicals.

The first lesson is to combine or mix which items will become explosives. The first thing to learn is the chemicals themselves.

The stability and safety factor of modern explosives are mainly based on acidic substances such as nitro, nitrate ester and nitroamino.

All kinds of explosives are composed of substances as the main axis and can coexist safely and stably for a long time without rapid oxidation.

The elemental explosives in TNT (Trinitrotoluene, C7H5N2O6), HMX (Octogen.

Cyclotetramethyltetranitrate, C4H8N8O8), PETN (Penthrite), commonly known as Penthrite in domestic field units

, logistics production units such as joint logistics are translated as Bentel, while mainland China is translated as Tai'an, C5H3N4O12), RDX

(Hexogen, in China it is generally translated literally as Haisaogeng, while in mainland China it is translated as Hexogen, C6H6N6O6) and four other types

Basic elemental explosives. Except for TNT, which can be charged directly, the others are mixed explosives or treated with insensitivity.

It is loaded and used after treatment, and due to the stable nature and powerful power of TNT, all blasting power is based on the explosive power of TNT.

Comparative calculation of explosive power, and calculation of its explosion pressure, speed (m/s, ft/s) and power (kg/cm2, lb/in2, kn/in2

), and this is also the second lesson that Demoman learns - Mathematics.

Since all blasting energy is based on TNT, when blowing up items of the same volume and material, we usually

It is often said in terms of "how much TNT is needed", but in fact, most modern blasting explosives are no longer used.

Pure TNT is replaced by other new explosives that are smaller in size and more powerful. The power value of TNT has become a

Parameter value, for example, compared with the same metric ton of TNT and Octor explosives, Octor is equivalent to 1.5 metric tons of explosives.

TNT has explosive power, and when Octo Explosive is mixed with TNT in an appropriate proportion, it can be 75% more powerful than pure TNT.

In addition to stability, what is more important is that it can release the maximum energy in the shortest time. The two bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

The atomic bomb used this kind of explosive to coat a uranium-235 sphere, which was used as a detonation source of atomic splitting energy.

Small in size and powerful in size, Octo is one of the best considerations for applications where volume is a consideration, such as bombs and cannons.

Military warheads such as bombs and landmines are made of military warhead components. Due to the advantages of simple manufacturing and low cost, the militaries of various countries manufacture and manufacture large quantities of them.

Using Octo explosives, in addition, the four basic elemental explosives mentioned earlier are used in different proportions and different combinations.

The power of explosives produced after mixing and combining is also different. When calculating these different compositions and powers, please

Don't forget mathematics, the mother of all sciences. If you didn't do well in school, you always struggled with mathematics and you still want to learn how to do it.

If it’s a bomb, well, remember to buy insurance first and name me as the beneficiary!

The third lesson in blasting is physics. Strictly speaking, it is structural mechanics. The main task of a military blaster is

Is it to blow up all obstacles and use the minimum amount of explosives to achieve the most effective effect?

is the priority consideration when executing tasks.

,The first question at this time is, what is the material and volume of the target? The second question is where is the most suitable blasting point?

How many? In the end, it’s a question of what kind of explosives to use and how much, so it’s common in TV and movies now.

All building blasting projects are the final result after several calculations. Often half of the project time is

After calculating the structural support points of the project and the amount of explosives required, the remaining half is the safety preparatory work and actual construction.

Time, and this type of project is also called gravity blasting, because it is actually the gravity of the earth that destroys the entire building.

rather than explosives, because after the supporting points are destroyed, the mass and weight of the building itself will crush its own structure, directly affecting the

Compared with the explosives required to destroy the entire building, the amount of explosives required may be less than one-tenth. By the same token, half of the

To blow up a sunken or stranded ship, the explosives used are mainly applied to the hull support points of the compartments and keels to

Produces the so-called "bubble effect". The name comes from the explosion pressure generated at the moment when the explosive is detonated.

The hull is lifted upward, while water pressure and gravity will push the hull down again. This dual effect, coupled with the increase in gravity

Under multiple pressures such as speed, explosive pressure, and water pressure, the hull will be squeezed, deformed, and the compartments will deform and break, and then

The hull was broken into several pieces, and then rested permanently on the bottom of the water. All of this was caused by the moment of detonation.

It creates bubbles, so it is called the "bubble effect". I believe that frogmen who have been trained in underwater explosions will understand this.

The principle is still fresh in your mind.

The third lesson of blasting actually needs to be subdivided into structural calculations of various materials, and for various possible applications in permanent

After being made of materials for permanent or semi-permanent military purposes, they can be roughly divided into three categories: wood, iron, and concrete/masonry buildings.

, and its strength is in the same order, wood is the lowest, iron is the second, concrete/masonry is the strongest, and if it is mixed

Buildings are calculated based on the main component, or half and half based on the stronger one. However, if it is a building made entirely of iron sheets, it cannot be used.

If the hollow building is destroyed by explosives, it would be a better choice to destroy it with air explosion. Let’s talk about it below.

Knowledge about blasting materials.
To be continued...