Chapter 565 Combining ancient and modern times to trace the origins, great talents and rough strategies Gushi Khan

What tribes are there in the Oirat Mongol Tribal Alliance? How did the Khoshot Khanate emerge?

Such questions about the Western Regions cannot be answered by relying solely on the intelligence collected from the military intelligence agencies of the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Yuluo figured out the origin and composition of these "neighbors" in the Western Regions by combining many relevant materials found by later generations.

Speaking of which, the Heshuot tribe, the predecessor of the Heshuot Khanate, also belonged to the Oirat Alliance, but it was very different from the other major tribes of the Oirat Alliance.

This involves the origin of the Oirat Tribal Alliance.

Oirat is actually a term transliterated by the later Qing Dynasty based on the local language, and is sometimes also called Erut. On the Ming side, the Oirat Alliance has a name that is very familiar to Ming people - Wac!

The earliest record about Walcigar is that during the Tang Dynasty, they were nomadic in the Bahe area (Yenisei River) and were already an alliance composed of many tribes. The Tang Dynasty called them Walcigar.

When the Tang Dynasty was strong, he tried to get Waci to surrender many times, but failed; Waci also attacked the tribes in the northwest of the Western Regions that had surrendered to the Tang Dynasty many times, but also failed to achieve much results.

During the Yuan Dynasty, the Waci began to move southward and settled in the foothills of the Altai Mountains and the Selenge River Basin. In the following years, they continued to move southward and gradually became the northern Tianshan tribal alliance centered on the Jungar Basin.

At that time, it was called Wo Yi Ci in the Yuan Dynasty. In Chinese literature, there were also names such as Wo Yi Ci Ti and Wai Ci. In fact, they were all transliterated. Later in the Ming Dynasty, it was also transliterated as Wa Ci.

Because Wasi was not weak at the time, and had adopted the marriage alliance policy since Genghis Khan unified Mongolia, So Wasi always believed that it and Mongolia were in a parallel relationship, not a part of Mongolia.

After that, the Yuan Dynasty fell and it was difficult for the Northern Yuan Dynasty to rule the entire prairie, so Waci became truly powerful.

During the Yongle period, Chengzu led his troops to the north to conquer the Mongolian Mongols, and defeated the Mongols.

Unfortunately, after the rule of Renxuan, the military strength of the Ming Dynasty was obviously weakened. Waci took the opportunity to become bigger again, and then seized the opportunity, with the Battle of Tumubao that shocked the world.

Because it is a tribal alliance, although Waci has experienced many rises and falls, it has always existed, except that its internal core tribes have occasionally changed.

By the end of the Ming Dynasty, only three of the four major tribes (ten thousand households) inherited from the Yuan Dynasty were left, namely Zhungeer (also known as Choros), Durbot, and Turgut.

The Jungar tribe and the Torhut tribe here are quite famous in later generations, which shows the strong vitality of their tribes.

The ancestors of the Heshuote tribe were nomadic in Mobei and the southwest of Lake Baikal. Their tribal leader was the leader of Fu Yuwei among the three Uliangha guards (Duoyan, Taining, and Fuyu) in the early Ming Dynasty.

The leader's ancestors can be traced back to Genghis Khan's younger brother Hasar.

Since the Renxuan period of the Ming Dynasty, military strength has declined significantly, and the Tatar (Northern Yuan) power has expanded, forcing the three guards of Wuliangha to move southward from their original base.

(The three guards were originally located in the southeast of the Daxingan Mountains, in today's western Heilongjiang Province. The northernmost Fuyu Guard was probably in the lower reaches of today's Nenjiang River.)

In this process, Duoyan Guard and Taining Guard were eventually annexed by the Tatars (actually, they rebelled against the Ming Dynasty and surrendered to the Tatars as mentioned above), while Fuyu Guard was forced to move south to the north of Guangning Guard and the upper reaches of the Liao River.

.

By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Fuyuwei was still annexed by Horqin Mongolia.

The ancestors of the Heshuote Tribe were Uruktmul, the second son of Fuyu Khan, who broke away due to the failure in the fight for the Khan position and uneven distribution of property during the Fuyu Guards' southward migration.

He led a small group of the Fuyu Guards to move westward and defected to Tuhuan, the leader of the Wasi League and the leader of the Zhungeer tribe. He was given the name Heshuote. He also got Tuohuan's daughter and called him his son-in-law.

As a result, Heshuote became a tribe of the Wasi Alliance and continued to grow and develop in the next hundred years.

First, it became one of the four core tribes of Wasi. In the late Wanli period, the power of the Heshuote tribe vaguely surpassed that of the Zhungeer tribe, and was elected as the new leader by the Wasi tribes.

However, the Jungar tribe was not convinced - because the Jungar tribe was particularly benevolent to Heshuo, the leader at the time, Gushi Khan's grandfather, was unwilling to fight with the Jungar tribe, so he proposed that both tribes be leaders of the alliance.

, co-governing the Wasi Alliance.

As a result, Waca has a tendency to split.

However, in the following decades, in order to alleviate internal conflicts, the Heshuote tribe united with the Yarkand Khanate and annexed Turpan and the Chibuchi tribe, which was derived from the original Kansai Seven Guards.

In the late Ming Dynasty, it was Gushi Khan's turn to appear.

This person's experience can be called a legend - he was not the successor to the throne of Heshuote Khan. When he was a boy, he rode alone to resolve the conflict between Waci and the Khalkha Mongols in northern Qinghai.

This is also the reason why he was later called Gushi Khan (transliteration of Guoshi Khan).

Later, his eldest brother was killed, and he succeeded to the throne of Khan and the leader of the Wasi Alliance.

In 1634 AD, civil strife broke out in the Zangba Khanate. The fourth Panchen Lama and the fifth Dalai Lama of the Yellow Sect jointly sent a letter asking them to send troops to assist.

So Gushi Khan sent troops in 1637, and in five years, he first destroyed the Zangba Khan regime, and then occupied the Xikang area, establishing the Khoshote Khanate, which looked vast on the map.

The most important thing is that Gushi Khan is also the leader of the Waci (Oirat) alliance!

At this time, Zhu Yurao stood in front of the Ming Dynasty territory map and drew a large circle in the west with the stick brought from Hao Guangming.

It can be clearly seen that in later generations, Inner Mongolia, western Outer Mongolia, central and northern Xinjiang, and Qinghai-Tibet were all under the rule of Gushi Khan!

Just looking at the territory on the map, its territory is even larger than the Ming Dynasty today!

Through the camera of his mobile phone, Hao Guangming discovered that Zhu Yurao was looking at the map for a long time without moving. After contacting him, the two of them had been looking for information about the Kashote Khanate in the past few days, and he knew that Zhu Yurao was worried about this powerful neighbor to the west of the Ming Dynasty.

He thought for a while and advised: "You don't have to worry too much about Gushi Khan's threat. His rule over Wasa is mostly nominal. After all, there is a Zhungeer tribe co-ruling with him.

In addition, this man is already 64 years old, and no matter how talented he is, he is still old. If his fate does not change, he will die in ten years at most.

Once he dies, the centripetal force of the Khoshot Khanate will no longer be that strong. Under external pressure, internal chaos will break out, and it is very likely that it will fall apart."

Zhu Yushuo looked at the map and said, "But Heshuote surrendered to the Qing Dynasty ten years ago. Theoretically, the territory of the Qing Dynasty now also includes the Khanate."

Hao Guangming laughed when he heard this, "Theoretically, Mobei Mongolia also submitted to the Qing Dynasty - you should know that Gushi Khan's submission to the Qing Dynasty was just a means of establishing distant relations and attacking close enemies. At most, he was regarded as a vassal of the Qing Dynasty.

And that was when the power of the Qing Dynasty was strong. Now that the Qing Dynasty has been defeated by you, you can’t even control the two Han kings under your command. If you are huddled in Liaodong and can’t get out, what do you have to worry about?”

While Hao Guangming was speaking, a group of officials from the Military Affairs Council filed in.

There were not only the superintendents, assistant ministers, and other ministers of military affairs, but also the lieutenants and supervisors of various departments, as well as several new scholars who were interning at the Military Academy, hanging at the tail of the procession, and entered the Wuying Hall.

In addition to Zhang Huangyan, who was chosen as the top candidate by Zhu Aura and the cabinet ministers on the day of the imperial examination, there were also Chen Bangyan and Yan Ermei who were later specially promoted by Zhu Aura to serve as interns at the Military Academy.

Because Zhu Yuyao was standing in front of the huge map of the Ming Dynasty, as soon as Zhang Huangyan and the other three came in, their eyes could not help but fall on this map immediately.

This was the first time they had seen such a huge, comprehensive and detailed map of the Ming Dynasty's territory, and they were immediately shocked.

However, after the shock, Zhang Huangyan and Yan Ermei, who had very good eyesight, saw clearly the actual territory controlled by the Ming Dynasty above. They immediately frowned and thought: How can my territory of the Ming Dynasty be so small? Can it still be called the Ming Dynasty?

First update.

【illustrate】

Although I checked a lot of information yesterday, I still got some of the content wrong - the Seven Guards of Guanxi does not include the Suzhou Guards, which refers to the seven guards west of Jiayuguan. After they broke away from the Ming Dynasty during the Jiajing period, it was around Longqing and the early Wanli period.

Annexed by Turpan.

Also, the correct name of Duoyan Sanwei should be "Wuliangha Sanwei".

Finally, Yuerhai is not Lake Baikal! (I’ve been reading history books for more than ten years, and I’ve always gotten it wrong, woohoo), but Lake Bell (southwest of the Hulunbuir Grassland). The difference in one word caused me to miss it for many years.

ah!

These previous articles have been changed.

This chapter took four hours to write, and it was another thankless chapter. But I felt that some things must be written clearly.

Otherwise, some readers of historical texts may be as confused as the author, and have misunderstood it for more than ten years,,,

I can only try my best to make the text descriptions of these practical parts more interesting.

It can be regarded as learning and progressing together in history.

[Let’s talk about Mongolia]

The source text of Wasi says that it is also called Western Mongolia and Desert Mongolia. They actually do not consider themselves Mongolians, but people from Wasi (la) (Oirat) (actually they all have the same pronunciation, does it sound like Ula?

).

Its actual meaning is: the people in the forest, or the people nearby. (In ancient times, nomadic peoples were divided into two categories: grassland people and forest people.)

The real Mongolia is Eastern Mongolia (or Central Mongolia) and Mobei and Monan Mongolia. After the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, they were first known as the Northern Yuan Dynasty together with Wasi, and later they became Wasi and Tatar.

The Tatars later split into the Mobei, Monan, and Eastern Mongolian tribes.
Chapter completed!