In the past feudal dynasties, the administration of officials was the most corrupt. The dynasty was facing a full collapse, that is, the time when the relatives and eunuchs were special. Looking at the Twenty-Four Histories, the Lü family seized power, Wu Zetian usurped the throne, Cixi was in power, and other incidents of foreign relatives interfering in politics are common. In terms of eunuchs' autocracy, from Zhao Gao's referring to deer as a horse during the Qin Second Emperor, the Ten Constant Office of the Eastern Han Dynasty to disrupt politics, Gao Lishi in the Tang Dynasty took power, to Tong Guan in the Song Dynasty, Wei Zhongxian in the Ming Dynasty exerted great power, and to Li Lianying in the late Qing Dynasty, the problem of eunuchs' chaos in politics has always been very serious. In history, eunuchs mostly accelerated the destruction of feudal dynasties. Why did the interfering in politics with eunuchs mean spontaneous destruction of feudal dynasties? From the perspective of bureaucratic political structure, foreign relatives and eunuchs were originally foreign objects of feudal dynasties.

Their origin is incompatible with the feudal dynasty. Feudal bureaucrats were Confucian ministers selected through a certain career. They had considerable feudal cultural literacy and were unified by state institutions to join the government. However, foreign relatives and eunuchs participated in the government affairs because they were favored and trusted by the emperor and interfered in the political life of the country from the highest level. This itself means the destruction of the feudal dynasty. It made Confucian ministers and eunuchs in a natural state of opposition to maintain the feudal dynasty or destroy the feudal dynasty. The relatives and eunuchs also knew this very well. In order to expand their political power and pursue corresponding economic interests, they always had to surround the emperor and try to keep the emperor away from the Confucian ministers.

In the Tang Dynasty, there was a great eunuch named Qiu Shiliang. When he retired and returned home, he taught other eunuchs the strategy of stealing the imperial power. He said that the key point of serving the emperor was to not give the emperor some leisure. When the emperor had time, he would read books and approach the Confucian ministers. In this way, "will be kind and weak but the power is light." He should use his voice, sex, dogs and horses, treasures and goods to "gush their hearts, be extravagant, and make them happy without rest." Once the emperor indulges in enjoyment, then "will "all the things be with me, how can we go to be grateful for power?"

Precisely because relatives and eunuchs are foreign objects within the integration, after the power of relatives and eunuchs expands to a considerable extent, they will inevitably be incompatible with the Confucian ministers formed by the integrated structure of patriarchal law. At this time, they will use their power to promote their confidants and further destroy the feudal dynasty. The result of this is to intensify conflicts, accelerate corruption in the administration, and eventually lead to civil strife.

The disaster of the party and bribery in the Eastern Han Dynasty is a very typical example. After Emperor Zhang of Han Dynasty, Empress Dowager Dou came to the court to call me, and his relatives Dou Xian took over the power. The relatives of Dou and their party members served as court officials and local officials, causing a large number of Confucian scholars to be unable to enter the officialdom. In 92 AD, Emperor He of Han conspired with the eunuch Zheng Zhong to kill Dou Xian. As a result, the eunuch group took advantage of the opportunity to destroy the power of the foreign relatives and gained great power. After the eunuchs were in power, they suppressed and killed Confucian scholars and created a disaster of party and bribery. Later, the struggle between the foreign relatives and eunuchs to fight for power and profit continued. After Dou Xian, the foreign powerful Dou Xian-eun-eun Zheng Zhong, there were also foreign relatives Deng Yi-eun Jiang Jing, Li Guo-eun Yan Xian-eun-eun Sun Cheng-eun Liang Ji-eun Shan Chao, and they struggled until the demise of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

In the Tang Dynasty, from 820 to 826 AD, two emperors, Emperor Xianzong and Jingzong, were killed by eunuchs. From 820 AD to 903 AD, there were eight emperors in the Tang Dynasty. Except for Jingzong, one of whom succeeded to the throne as the prince, the other seven were supported by eunuchs of various sects according to their needs. This shows that in the late Tang Dynasty, the integrated structure was destroyed by eunuchs interfering in politics. Liu Jin, the eunuch of the Sili period in the Ming Dynasty, was dictatorial, and in 1508, he imposed more than 300 state officials.

He was imprisoned and deprived of 675 officials of his rank in 1509. Liu Jin was unscrupulous in destroying the integrated structure. He boasted: "All the officials and ministers of the court left our family." During the Tianqi period at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Wei Zhongxian was even more arrogant and was called "9,500 years old" by his pawns, and built temples in various places to worship. Wei eunuchs and bureaucrats also made the Donglin party members a good job, and included the Donglin people and some upright civil and military officials and generals in the list, and killed or dismissed them.

These situations show that foreign relatives and eunuchs are forces outside the patriarchal law. When they gain power, they threaten the emperor, attack Confucian ministers, and destroy the feudal dynasty. At this time, political instability and crisis will arise.

Since relatives and eunuchs obviously destroy the feudal dynasty, why is this power contained in the feudal dynasty and inevitably expanded? The key is that relatives and eunuchs were brought into the feudal dynasty by the amplification of imperial power. Although imperial power was irrevocable in feudal dynasty, the emperor's ability was limited and inconsistent with the adjustment tasks he was responsible for. After Zhu Yuanzhang took over the power, he had to review more than 140 memorials every day, and in addition to deal with hundreds of government affairs. Cybernetic expert Ashby once said that a person's ability to regulate cannot exceed the system variation that he can block. That is to say, it cannot exceed the choice ability he is making every moment. In order to amplify his own ability to regulate, the emperor had to rely on some kind of power.

Although the relatives of the emperor are not the authentic emperor's rule, they are the closest people to the emperor. The eunuchs have a low status and come when they are called, and they are the closest servants and ears of the emperor. Therefore, the use of relatives of the emperor and eunuchs to supervise and control the bureaucracy is an inevitable choice. In the short term, it may be effective, and these two forces can still be under the control of the emperor. However, the result of long-term use will inevitably lead to the destruction of the feudal dynasty itself, and even the emperor himself becomes a puppet and suffers it. This is a historical will. As long as there is a regulatory effect of absolute imperial power, no matter how wise or alert the emperor is, the autocracy of eunuchs or foreign relatives will always appear.

The most severe harm to eunuchs is the Ming Dynasty. However, the strictest prevention of eunuchs in the political affairs in the early Ming Dynasty. In view of the historical lessons, Zhu Yuanzhang formulated regulations to strictly prohibit empresses and concubines and eunuchs from interfering in politics to prevent future troubles. In the five years of Hongwu, there were red cards engraved with regulations on precepts for empresses and concubines, and explicitly prohibit empresses from interfering in politics. In the 17th year of Hongwu, he promulgated the "ancestral teachings" and built an iron monument of three feet high in the palace, which was cast on it, "the inner eyes shall not interfere in political affairs, and those who are expected shall be executed." It also stipulated that eunuchs shall not be civil and military officers, and they shall not have documents with eunuchs when they are invited.

Come on, eunuchs cannot have more than the fourth rank, and they are not allowed to read and read. Zhu Yuanzhang tried his best to block foreign relatives and eunuchs from interfering in politics in the system. But what are the consequences? Because the contradiction between unlimited monarchy and the emperor's limited ability to regulate is impossible to resolve, this makes it possible for one of the eunuchs and relatives to become the borrowing power of the extension of imperial power. The ban on foreign relatives interfering in politics in the Ming Dynasty was better, but the emperor did not use foreign relatives, so he could only use eunuchs. The eunuchs would inevitably become more and more arrogant when interfering in politics.

Shortly after Zhu Yuanzhang's death, these ancestral inscriptions were no binding force on their descendants. Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty was able to seize the throne and used eunuchs as their eyes and ears, and "it was long until it was heart-warming." Yingzong was the emperor who was eunuch Wang Zhen, and after he became an adult, he naturally had to rely on Wang Zhen to deal with the government affairs. After Yongle, the status of eunuchs also changed. They changed from being led by the Ministry of Personnel to monitoring the Ministry of Personnel, and were in charge of the power to be promoted and sent. The addition of a new "two factories" of the secret agency during the Xianzong period can well show the internal connection between the amplification of imperial power and the eunuch's interference in politics.

At that time, there was already a spy agency, Dongchang and Jinnongwei. However, Emperor Xianzong was still suspicious and suspected that the people around him had collusion with the outside world, so he set up another Xichang to spy on foreign ministers and civil activities. He commissioned his confidant general supervisor Wang Zhi as the leader. He was so troubled that the world knew there were two factories but not the court, but afraid that the spy chief was not straight and did not know that there was an emperor. There were also conflicts between the East and West factories. The emperor could use these conflicts to supervise and control the bureaucracy. The eunuchs took advantage of the situation to develop. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, the integrated regulation ability was completely lost and finally collapsed.

To sum up, as long as there are emperors, there will be eunuchs. As long as there are eunuchs, even if there are one or two good emperors, the eunuchs will eventually interfere in politics and accelerate the corruption and destruction of the dynasty.
Chapter completed!