In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, three outstanding medical scientists were born in my country, known in history as the "Three Divine Doctors of Jian'an". Among them, Dong Feng lived in seclusion in Lushan Mountain, leaving behind a popular story of Xinglin; Zhang Zhongjing wrote "Treatise on Febrile Diseases", which was rigorous in theory and method, and was praised by later generations as the "Medical Saint"; while Hua Tuo went deep into the people and traveled across the Central Plains and the Jianghuai Plain. In the clinical diagnosis and treatment of internal, external, gynecological and pediatric departments, he created many medical miracles, especially Chuangmafei San (clinical anesthetic), and was famous for his caesarean section. Later generations often praised the doctor for his "rebirth of Hua Tuo" and "rebirth of Yuanhua", which shows his profound influence.

Hua Tuo, whose courtesy name is Yuanhua, was born in an ordinary gentry family in Qiao County, Pei State, Yuzhou (now Hao County, Anhui) in the early Eastern Han Dynasty. According to historical records, Hua Tuo was born in 108 and died in 208, at the age of about a hundred years old. "The Three Kingdoms. Biography of Hua Tuo" states that Hua Tuo "traveled to Xu Tu and was also familiar with several classics", and "know the art of nourishing nature. People at that time thought that they were a hundred years old and had a strong appearance. They also had a prescription and medicine. The treatment of diseases was only a few kinds of decoctions. If they were moxibustion, there were only one or two places, and each place was only seven or eight strong, and the disease should be cured. If they were acupuncture, there were only one or two places, and the disease should be cured."

The Hua family was originally a prominent family, and one of its descendants settled in a beautiful small Huazhuang more than ten miles north of Qiao County. When Hua Tuo was in decline, the family had great expectations for Hua Tuo. Judging from his name and character, the name "Tuo" means load, and "Yuanhua" means transformation and educating. Hua Tuo has studied hard since he was a child, and has practiced and recited ancient books such as "Shangshu", "Book of Songs", "Book of Changes", "Book of Rites", "Spring and Autumn", and gradually had a high cultural literacy.

During Hua Tuo's growth, in addition to being influenced by Central Plains culture, his hometown, which produced a lot of medicinal materials, also had a lot of influence on him. Qiao County produced a variety of medicinal materials, such as "haoshao" and "haoshaoshao", which had long been famous all over the world. In addition, water and land transportation were relatively developed, so Qiao County has been a distribution center for medicinal materials since ancient times. To this day, on the main streets of Hao County, there are many Chinese medicinal materials warehouses. While studying classics and history, Hua Tuo also paid attention to medicine. The local elders said that he had studied in the Nitaidian area to cultivate his nature, and learned medicine and learn medicine.

In feudal society, scholars were mostly proud of becoming officials. However, Hua Tuo did not. He chose a completely different life path, and devoted his life to medicine and was determined to do so. When he was a teenager, when Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the relatives and eunuchs alternated with power, and the court was incorrect, and the government went out of private families, sold official positions, and bribed the public. He sucked bones and marrow to the people and sucked marrow. The people fell into deep suffering. Hua Tuo witnessed the corruption in the officialdom and the suffering of the people, and decided to abandon the career of officials and save the world with medicine. At that time, some knowledgeable people in the court were very grateful for Hua Tuo's character and knowledge. The Grand Marshal Huang Wan wanted to recruit him as an official. Hua Tuo refused, and Pei Xiang also recommended Hua Tuo as a filial and honest person, and he also politely declined. This fully demonstrated Hua Tuo's firm ambitions and noble character.

Hua Tuo practiced medicine without any teacher. He mainly studied the medical classics of the previous generation, and continued to study and make progress in practice. At that time, my country's medicine had achieved certain achievements. Medical classics such as "Huangdi Neijing", "Huangdi Eighty-One Dilemma Classic", and "Shennong Bencao Jing" were successively published. The four principles of diagnosis, guidance, acupuncture, and drugs, such as diagnosis and treatment methods have been basically established and widely used; and ancient doctors, such as Bian Que during the Warring States Period, Cang Gong of the Western Han Dynasty, Fu Weng, and Cheng Gao of the Eastern Han Dynasty, left behind the moving deeds of not admiring wealth and wealth, and using medicine to save the world for life, all of these not only provided the possibility for Hua Tuo to study medicine carefully, but also cultivated his sentiment.

In Hua Tuo's years of medical practice, he was very good at distinguishing different conditions from the internal organs and treating the symptoms. One day, there were two military officials, both of whom had fever and headaches, and the symptoms were the same, but Hua Tuo's prescription was very different. One used sweating drugs and the other used laxative medicine. Both of them were quite strange, but they both recovered after taking the medicine. It turned out that after Hua Lun's diagnosis, one was known to be an exterior syndrome, which could be resolved by sweating; the other was an internal fever syndrome, which was difficult to treat without laxation. There was also a U-mail Dun who realized that the disease had been cured after seeking medical treatment, but Hua Tuo's meridians warned: "Although your disease has been cured, the vitality has not recovered. You should rest in peace and wait for a complete recovery. Avoid sexual intercourse, otherwise you will have to worry about your life." At that time, his wife suddenly heard that her husband's disease had been cured, so she rushed to visit him from a hundred miles away. That night, Dun failed to avoid sexual intercourse, and the disease occurred in three days and died. Another disease was also afflicted.

Xu was bedridden due to illness. Hua Tuo went to visit him. Xu said, "Since yesterday, I asked the doctor to acupuncture the stomach tube, I coughed continuously and was upset and could not lie down." After Hua Tuo's diagnosis, he said, "It was wrong. The acupuncture did not reach the stomach tube, and the liver was accidentally affected. If the diet gradually decreased in the future, I might not be able to detect it in five days." The consequences died as mentioned. A county magistrate suffered from difficult symptoms and hundreds of doctors were ineffective. His son came to Hua Tuo to state the condition and asked for treatment. Hua Tuo came to the patient's room, and spoke in a slight manner, arrogant attitude, and demanded great rewards, but he left without treatment. He left a book to scold him. The county magistrate had already endured it for a long time, but he was furious and sent someone to chase him, but there was no trace. In anger, he vomited black blood several times, and the swelling was cured several times, and the swelling was cured. It turned out that this was a psychological therapy used by Hua Tuo, which used emotional activities such as joy, anger, excellence, and thought to regulate the body to cure his disease.

Hua Tuo attached great importance to folk treatment experience, and often absorbed it and refined it to treat some common diseases. At that time, jaundice was widely circulated. He spent three years to repeatedly test the efficacy of Artemisia Chrysanthemum and decided to use the tender leaves of Artemisia Chrysanthemum in spring to treat many patients. Therefore, a song circulated among the people: "The Artemisia Chrysanthemum in March is passed down to later generations. Artemisia can cure diseases in March, and it is firewood in May and June." Hua Tuo also used warm soup to treat scorpion sting pain, moss-refined ointment, and treated swelling and pain after stinging wasps; used garlic mugwort to treat insect diseases; used perilla to treat fish and crab poisoning; used white prescription to treat cough; used Polygonatum to replenish deficiency and fatigue. This and so on, both simple and easy to use and effective.

After middle age, Hualun "studyed on Xu Tu" due to the turmoil in the Central Plains. Xuzhou is an important place in the Jianghuai River and has a county and a sixth country. It has 62 cities and towns under its jurisdiction, with a population of more than 2 million. The capital is Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). According to folk legend, he lived in Peiguo near Pengcheng (now Peixian, Jiangsu). In fact, Hua Tuo's medical footprints were spread throughout Xuzhou, Yuzhou, Qingzhou, and Yanzhou at that time. According to the place names found in his medical cases, it was mostly centered on Pengcheng, starting from Ganling in the east (now Linqing, Shandong), and salt reading (now

Yancheng, Jiangsu), to Chaoge in the west (now Qi County, Henan), to Guangling in the south (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu), to Qiao County in the south (now Hao County, Anhui), that is, the vast areas of Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Anhui and other provinces, with a radius of hundreds of square kilometers. While practicing medicine, in order to collect herbs, he also visited Chaoge, Peiguo, Feng County (now Feng County, Jiangsu), Woniu Mountain in Pengcheng, Shandong, Shandong Mountain and Weishan Lake. Due to his vast territory and deep into the people, Hua Tuo became a doctor with many folk legends in my country's history.

In this way, after decades of medical practice, Hua Tuo's medical skills have reached the point of perfection. He has mastered health care, prescriptions, acupuncture and surgery and is proficient in internal, external, gynecological, pediatric, and pediatrics, clinical treatment, accurate diagnosis, simple methods, and rapid efficacy. He is known as a "miracle doctor". In this regard, there is a comment in "The Three Kingdoms" and "The Book of the Later Han" that he is good at health preservation ("The art of nourishing nature was understood, and people thought he was a hundred years old and had a strong appearance"), and he used the essence of medicine ("There are also essence prescriptions, and the treatment of diseases, and only a few kinds of soup, heart-relieving and decomposing, no longer weighing, boiling and drinking, saying that he is in a state of harmony, and he will cure it"), and the acupuncture is simple and easy.

("If you have an acupuncture, there are only one or two places. The needle is lowered and said, "You should quote a certain point. If you arrive, talk to people," the patient said, "It has arrived," and the needle should be removed, and the disease should be done poorly."), the operation is magical ("The stomatology and the back of the stomach, cutting and accumulation", "breaking the heart and dripping"). The medical cases left include sixteen in the Three Kingdoms, five in the "Biography of Hua Tuo", and five in other documents, with a total of twenty-six in total, which are more common in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties. From the scope of its treatment, internal medicine diseases include fever, visceral diseases, mental diseases, obesity, parasitic diseases, and other diseases. Children and gynecological diseases include trauma, intestinal abscess, tumors, fractures, needle mistakes, avoiding breasts, stillbirths, children's diarrhea, etc.

Just when Hua Tuo was enthusiastic about dedicating his superb medical skills among the people, Cao Cao, who rose to the turmoil of the Central Plains, summoned him to hear it. It turned out that Cao Cao had a head-on disease in his early years, and after middle age, it became increasingly serious. Every time he had a heart and dizziness, and the headache was unbearable. The treatment of various doctors was very effective. Hua Tuo was called to come for diagnosis and examination. After acupuncture was applied at the Ge Yu point of Cao Cao's thoracic vertebrae, his brain was clear and his eyes were clear and the pain stopped immediately. Cao Cao was very happy. But Hua Tuo told the truth: "Your disease is a chronic brain disease, which is difficult to eradicate in the near future. It must be treated for a long time and gradually relieved to extend his life." After Cao Cao heard this, he thought Hua Tuo was mysterious, so he thought that

The middle was displeased, but he did not show his expression. He not only kept Hua Tuo in his mansion, but also allowed him to treat the people. In 208 AD, Cao Cao controlled the government affairs, served as the prime minister, and took charge of military and political power. He asked Hua Tuo to abandon all the tasks of the side and stay in the mansion to be his doctor. For Hua Tuo, who had his lifelong ambition to save the world, he naturally did not want to ask him to isolate Yum and serve a powerful person. Moreover, in order to avenge his father, Cao Cao attacked Tao Qian in Xuzhou in his early years, killing tens of thousands of people in Xuzhou. His bodies were blocked and the Si River did not flow. Then he slaughtered and conspired. The counties in Xiaqiu passed by "the chicken meaning was also complete, and there were no more travelers in the ruins."

.Xuzhou was the place where Hua Tuo practiced medicine and lived in the later period. He shared the same worries with the people. Isn’t he angry? Therefore, he decided to leave Cao Cao, so he asked him to return to his hometown temporarily and never return. Cao Cao sent several letters to summon him, but Hua Tuo refused to follow his wife's illness. Cao Cao was so angry that he sent a special envoy to escort Hua Tuo to Xuchang in the name of test and torture. Faced with Cao Cao's tyranny, Hua Tuo was steadfast and unyielding. Cao Cao became even more angry and wanted to kill Hua Tuo. Although there were repeated suggestions from counselors, it showed that Hua Tuo had excellent medical skills, few in the world, and the lives of the world were important, and he hoped to be tolerated, but Cao Cao insisted on his own actions and ordered his execution in prison.

.When Hua Tuo died, he did not forget to save the world and the people. He took out the written "Qingnang Sutra" and handed it to the prison officer and said, "This book is passed down from generation to generation, and can live the people." The prison officer was afraid of the crime and did not dare to accept the book. Hua Tuo was so sad that he had to throw the medical book into the fire and burn it. Later, Cao Cao's head disease occurred several times, and the doctors were reluctant to leave it, but he still had no regrets. He also said, "Tuo can cure my disease, but he will not cure it for me. If I want to use this, I will not kill him, and the disease will be difficult to cure it." It was not until this winter that Cao Cao's beloved son Cao Chong fell ill and the doctors died of no treatment. At this time, Cao Cao said regretfully: "I regret killing Hua Tuo, so that this child will die alive."

Hua Tuo had many disciples throughout his life, including Fan A of Pengcheng, Wu Pu of Guangling, and Li Dangzhi of Xi'an, both of whom were famous. In order to pass on medical experience to later generations, Hua Tuo carefully wrote medical books in his later years, and planned to have many works such as "Qingnang Jing" and "Pillow Moxibustion and Acupuncture Sutra", but unfortunately he did not pass on them.

Hua Tuo’s disciple Wu Pu wrote "Wu Pu Materia Medica"; Li Dangzhi wrote "Li Dangzhi Medicine Records"; Fan Axi acupuncture. All three disciples have become famous doctors.

Hua Tuo invented the anesthetic agent "Mafei San" in the 2nd century AD, which was a great innovation in the history of world medical science. He used "Mafei San" for general anesthesia and performed open surgery. According to the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty - Biography of Hua Tuo", "If the disease is ripped inside and the needle cannot reach the medicine, he ordered to take Mafei San first with wine. Since he was drunk, he would not feel anything, and he would break the abdomen and back and accumulate. If it is in the stomach and intestines, it would be cut off and washed, and the filth can be removed. Once he is sutured, he can use divine ointment, which will heal in four or five days, and will be calmed down in one month." He was the first person in the world to perform surgery with general anesthesia, more than 1,600 years earlier than the West inventing anesthetic.

Hua Tuo advocated exercise to treat diseases. According to the "Three Kingdoms", Hua Tuo once said to his disciple Wu Pu: "The human body wants to get labor, but it should not be used to the extreme. The shaken valley energy can be eliminated, the blood vessels circulate, and the disease cannot be born, just like the immortality of the Hushu. Therefore, the ancient immortals were guided by the immortals. The bear meditate and tugs, pulling the waist and moving the joints to make it difficult to grow old. I have a technique called the Five Animals Play, one is called the tiger, two is called the deer, three is called the bear, four is called the bear, four is called the ape, and five is called the bird. It is also used to eliminate diseases and strengthen the feet of the hooves to guide it." He insisted that gymnastics exercise is the basis of strengthening the body, and realized that exercise can promote blood circulation and accelerate metabolism, and used the five Animals Play he created to treat diseases: "The body is not happy, and it is a one-year play, and it is wet and sweats, because of the powder, the body is relaxed, and the belly is in need of food."
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