The implementation of a monopoly on wine in the Han Dynasty began in the third year of Tianhan (98 BC), the censor Sang Hongyang, the censor, suggested "declaration of wine and glutinous rice". However, it was implemented for only seventeen years. Because it was firmly opposed by Xianliang Literature at the salt and iron fair, it had to make concessions and change the monopoly to taxation, with a tax of four cents per liter. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to the shrinking of the ruling area and frequent floods and droughts, private wine was repeatedly prohibited. It can be seen that the private operation state tax system was generally implemented.

The monopoly policy of the Western Han Dynasty was in line with the national policy of the Han Dynasty. Especially during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, in order to meet the needs of expanding land in the border areas and expanding wealth, the monopoly sale of salt, iron and wine was implemented to obtain more fiscal revenue. The monopoly sale of the Han Dynasty did bring benefits to the national finances, solved the financial difficulties brought by the war, helped strengthen strength, helped national defense construction and the safety of the lives and property of the people on the border, and had positive significance for the stability and development of the economy of the Han Dynasty. However, in the monopoly sale of salt and iron, many problems occurred, mainly because the price was too high and the inconvenience of the people; the quality of the iron was poor and there was no choice; sometimes people were recruited to perform corvee service.
Chapter completed!