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Zhang Qingwen, an insect killer hidden beside us

CCTV International October 22, 2004 14:09

Introduction to the speaker:

Zhang Qingwen, chairman of the Beijing Entomology Society, professor of the Department of Entomology of China Agricultural University. Born in 1956, from Yicheng, Hubei. He received his doctorate degree in 1987 and worked as a postdoctoral work at Peking University from 1987 to 1989.

He is currently a professor of the Department of Entomology at China Agricultural University, doctoral supervisor, vice chairman of the Chinese Entomology Society, and chairman of the Beijing Entomology Society. He has been engaged in teaching and scientific research in insect genetics, molecular entomology, plant insect resistance, its genetic engineering and comprehensive pest control for a long time.

Content introduction:

Is your home safe? This seems to be an unquestionable question. But have you been inexplicably blushing and swelling on your body, and you have been having trouble breathing for no reason? Why do you suddenly start to have diarrhea? Why do your clothes have strange holes? Everything is so strange. Are there something lurking around us? Who are they? Where are they hidden? How should we rise up to defend our homes and fight them to the end in the face of danger?

In our lives, around us, there are seven major killers. They seem insignificant, but they often give us a fatal blow when we are careless. They are notorious and they are elusive. For many years, humans have been trying hard to arrest them around the world, and such battles have never stopped since the day we entered a civilized society. Their names are: mosquitoes, flies, lice, bed bugs, fleas, dust mites, and cockroaches.

Flies have never been absent in our lives. Such an uninvited guest with unique skills always makes us at a loss. What deadly weapons does it have? How does it escape our layers of defense and enter our lives? How should we fight in the face of the provocation of flies?

For a long time, we seem to have turned a blind eye to the vast world around us. The wild worlds where animals live seem to be far away from us, but have you ever thought that there is an animal kingdom right beside us, in our home, on our bed, beside our pillows, and even on us, there is also an animal kingdom, which is also a world full of murderous intent.

When we are tired of working all day and are in a deep dream, some uninvited guests quietly began their sneak attack under the night from every corner of our room. What exactly do they do? Our dreams and our health are being tested by these tenacious enemies. Can we defeat them?

(full text)

When we mention these insects, we will feel very disgusted from the heart. They include flies, mosquitoes, fleas, lice, bed bugs, cockroaches, termites, dust mites, scabies mites, etc. These insects are often around us, but they bring us very unpleasant emotions. They not only affect our emotions, but also affect our environment and our lives, especially many of them can spread very dangerous diseases. Therefore,

It affects our health, even affects our lifespan, and affects our quality of life. Among these disgusting insects, most of them are disease-borne insects, so they can spread diseases, including the mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, fleas, lice bugs, etc. They are killers hiding around us. They may infect us at any time, as well as our relatives, friends, and offspring, thereby affecting the happiness of the family and affecting our lives.

More than a hundred years ago, more than 300 million people suffered from malaria every year, and more than 3 million people died every year. This is a very terrible number, and we are also shocked by this. So in the 1890s, Ross, Ross in the UK, a scientist, after long-term research, revealed the secret of spreading malaria. He found that the spread of malaria is related to mosquitoes. Because mosquitoes live in water, they are transmitted through snails, and this trypanosome has malaria parasite. This malaria parasite is transmitted to the human body by mosquitoes during the process of sucking human blood.

This work has a great influence all over the world, and in 1902, Ross won the Nobel Prize. This work was a pioneering work, which has since revealed the research on disease-borne insects. As for mosquitoes, there are many types of mosquitoes, but in general, I divided it into three categories: one is Anopheles mosquito, one is Culex mosquito, and the other is Aedes mosquito. The diseases they transmit include malaria, filariasis, epidemic Japanese encephalitis, dengue fever, etc. These diseases are very dangerous and very serious diseases for humans. These three major diseases

Among the categories, the first major category is Anopheles mosquito. The characteristics of the adult Anopheles mosquito is that most of the wings have spots, and most of the bodies are gray. When the body is staying, it maintains a certain angle with the retaining surface. It is mostly active at noon. The second category is Culex mosquito. The adult Culex mosquito has its characteristics that most of the wings are spotless, and its body color is brown and yellow. When the body is staying, it often maintains a balance and parallel state with the retaining surface. Its activities are mostly at night. The third major category is Aedes mosquito. The characteristics of the adult Aedes mosquito is that the wings have no spots, and the body is mostly black and has white spots. It likes the daytime.

Activity, so we often get this type of mosquitoes indoors, in cool places, and during the day, we may have an impression that their body is black and white markings. These three types of mosquitoes have different habits of life and their habits are also different, but their feeding habits are basically the same. Their adults must supplement nutrition, and most female mosquitoes must absorb vertebrates' blood or nectar to supplement nutrition to complete their ovarian development. Male mosquitoes generally only absorb nectar to supplement nutrition.

Their habitat activities are divided into different periods, different species, and their peak activities are different. Like the Anopheles mosquitoes, they usually have two peak periods of thorns, dusk and dawn. So we all may feel that when it is just dark, or when it is just beginning to shine. At this time, mosquitoes often hide by our door or window. When we open the door, they slip in quietly, and come to harass our rest. Then their bloodsucking, like Anopheles mosquitoes, it has dusk and dim.

During the two peak periods of tomorrow, it usually requires about three minutes to suck human blood. If it does not reach three minutes, it may suck another person's blood, and it will have to suck many times to achieve this amount. At the same time, if it does not suck human blood, suck animal blood, such as cattle blood, it will need to suck about four to five minutes to complete the main purpose of sucking blood, which is to achieve its total blood sucking. For example, Culex mosquito, Culex mosquito has a different peak period from Anopheles. Its peak period is often around midnight, and this is when we are asleep, and we are resting properly.

The blood sucking time is about two to three minutes. It takes three to seven minutes to complete the total blood sucking of cattle blood or other animals. Of course, there are some other anopheles, such as tiny anopheles and anopheles, and the Anopheles of Lei, which also start to suck blood at the peak of midnight. Aedes albopictus is a mosquito active during the day. It likes to suck blood during the day, so its peak period is often between 2:00 and 6:00 in the afternoon. It mainly sucks human blood. Of course, Aedes albopices also sucks human blood at other times of day, but the peak period is mainly between 2:00 and 6:00 in the afternoon. We

From this point, we can see that mosquitoes can be said to be guerrilla masters. They hide next to the doors and windows of our houses at any time. They are very patient. When people open the door, they will enter the room quietly, or when they open the windows, quietly enter the room. They are hidden in the darkness, and when we are resting and sleeping, they start attacking. Of course, sometimes when we are quiet and sound when we are working indoors, they will suddenly and quietly harass us, so they are very good guerrilla masters.

How do we prevent and control mosquitoes? First of all, we should adopt manual control methods, that is, we should eliminate mosquito breeding grounds. Most of the breeding grounds of mosquitoes are in pools, ponds, ditches, and especially in a relatively long period of time. There are a lot of humus here, which is very suitable for the growth and development of mosquitoes. Of course, mosquitoes have very strong ability to withstand hunger and barrenness. For example, put a can of water or a basin of water in our room. If we put it in a dark corner, we will forget it. After a long time,

Mosquitoes can lay eggs inside, mosquito larvae and mosquito larvae can be used in this way, in water that we humans think does not have any nutrients, to complete their young development. Of course, when they reach adulthood, they have to eat a big meal, that is, our human blood, or animal blood. Therefore, we need to eliminate the breeding ground of mosquitoes, that is, to clean and disinfect the canals and sewers around our living area, do a good job in the treatment of ponds and reservoirs next to our living area, and other water holes, and eliminate mosquitoes during the larvae period.

The second aspect is biological control. Most of the biological control uses microorganisms, especially B. thuringiensis, which is BT, which is commonly used. People are short for bt. This bacteria can infect mosquito larvae and cause mosquito death. In addition to B. thuringiensis, there are also mosquito-eating nematodes, viruses and other microorganisms that can infect mosquito larvae, so as to kill mosquito larvae. The third is chemical control and chemical control. There are many types of pesticides, such as organophosphorus pesticides, thryrin pesticides, and many hormone pesticides. They all have different effects on adults and mosquito larvae, and many pesticides have good effects. Of course, when we control mosquitoes, we should try to use pesticides that are safer for us, livestock and our pets. Therefore, when preventing and controlling mosquitoes, we must consult experts and use medicines according to the expert's guidance.

The second type of insect that is transmitted from disease is flies, which is what we often call flies. So far, we have known and named flies, and there are more than 850 species, so there are many species. However, there are only a few and a dozen species of flies that we often come into contact with. In fact, what we are very impressed is houseflies, or houseflies, which are called green-headed flies, and sausage flies. The large ones are similar to houseflies, but the individuals are larger than houseflies. In fact, these are the most common types of flies we are also impressed by. So, the flies, houseflies, sausage flies, and sausage flies live around us.

Adults of flies are divided into three categories: the first category is the blood-sucking flies, which are their adults, and they need to suck the blood of animals. This species may be rare around us, but in some poor and backward places, once a wound appears, these flies will take the opportunity to suck human blood. In addition, in Africa, Africa is a type of tsetse fly in most poor places. This tsetse fly is about the same size as the individuals of houseflies we often see, but it often flies in the air. When people or livestock are not paying attention, it quickly pierces it and falls on people. In just a few seconds, it quickly pierces its mouth.

Enter the human body. Then suck blood, then quickly sucked enough blood and then flew away. Therefore, it is very difficult to prevent and treat. So these are blood-sucking flies. The second type is non-blood-sucking flies, that is, their adults do not suck blood. However, they like to lick organic matter, especially the vegetable soup made by humans and the foods that we humans like to eat. They especially like to lick them. 1. Lick them often spread diseases in this situation. The third type is not flies, that is, this type of flies does not supplement food during the adult stage, so we rarely see such flies. They are often in nature, in the fields, and in the big forests. Therefore, they have less contact with us humans.

Flies are often characterized by daytime activity and resting at night. Flies have relatively strong flying ability, of course, compared with mosquitoes and other disease-borne insects. Flies can transmit many diseases. So, let’s summarize, the first category is viral disease, which includes polio, which is a very serious disease, and also includes trachoma. We often say that we have trachoma, especially those who are older. When they are young, their living environment is relatively poor. They may often be infected with trachoma virus by flies when they sleep. Therefore, there are many people who get trachoma. Of course, now our living conditions are better, and there are relatively fewer people who get trachoma. The second category of diseases transmitted by flies is bacterial disease, including our common intestinal bacterial disease, that is, we have diarrhea. When our food is sucked by flies, or when they are contaminated by them, the bacteria they spread will cause us to have diarrhea. The second category,

That is, the second type of bacterial disease is tuberculosis. Many tuberculosis is caused by bacteria, and many tuberculosis are transmitted by flies. That is, after it contaminates our food, we humans will cause infection of these tuberculosis bacteria after eating these foods. The third type of bacterial disease is tetanus, which is often the wound of our humans, which is the tetanus caused by our wounds being infected by flies. In addition, there are leprosy, bacterial tuberculosis membranitis and other diseases, which are very serious and are transmitted by flies. The third type of disease is protozoa, so protozoa transmitted by flies include single-celled tsie flies, which is the tsie flies in Africa that we just introduced. When the African tsie flies suddenly suck the blood of humans or livestock, it spreads a disease, which is single-celled tsie. After this tsie flies infect people, it will cause people to fall asleep and sleep for a long time, and eventually lead to death.

We will naturally think of the prevention and control of flies. The first is manual control. We must install our doors and windows and screens to prevent flies from entering our environment. In addition, fly traps, fly stickers and other methods are used to catch flies to achieve the purpose of eliminating flies around our environment. The second type is chemical control, which is what we just mentioned as some pesticides similar to mosquito control, such as organophosphorus pesticides, thriller pesticides, hormone pesticides, etc. They have very good killing effects on fly larvae and adults. Of course, when we use these pesticides, we must use the experts.

Under the guidance, use safe pesticides, especially safe for humans and animals, so that they can effectively prevent and control flies. The third is biological control, which is similar to the control of mosquitoes. Then use Bacillus thuringiensis, which is a bacteria, or other viruses to control flies, that is, use these microorganisms in its breeding ground and breeding environment. In addition, the method of releasing parasitic bees can be used to prevent and control flies. Many small bees like to parasitize in flies. Therefore, when they develop and mature, they will cause the death of flies. Therefore, these parasitic bees can also be used to control flies.

The third type of disease-borne insect is lice, which is what we often call lice. The types of lice are divided into three categories: one is body lice, the "body" of the body, the second is head lice, that is, our head and head. The third type is pubic lice. These three types of lice have basically similar individuals, so their shapes are basically very similar. They are just different in their living environment, habits and lifespan. The diseases that lice can spread are mainly divided into two categories. The first type is the epidemic typhoid, which is caused by the rickets of Povar. Lice like to spread.

Varsrickettsidy. The main symptoms of this disease are high fever, headache, stomach cold, and failure, and often appear red congestive papules four to six days after the onset of the disease. We know that this disease is actually a very serious disease. The second type of disease is regression fever, which is caused by a spirochete. Its main symptoms include chills, which means that the body often has cold wars, sometimes high fever, high fever, headache, and pain in the joints of the dorsal foot, symptoms of bleeding in the skin and mucous membranes, and frequent bleeding in the nose. After lice sucks the patient's blood,

Within one day, the spirochete suddenly disappeared in the digestive tract in its intestine. In fact, the spirochete has entered its lice through the intestine wall. After six days, it appears and reproduces in large quantities. The spirochete can fill various parts of the body cavity inside the lice body, and it is very large, but it has no effect on the lice itself. However, when the lice is sucking human blood, it will spread the spirochete, causing people to develop regression fever. Its main habit is that body lice mostly parasitic on our chest hair, armpit hair, vaginal hair, and

The gaps in the underwear; head lice are mostly parasitized at the root of the hair; pubic lice are mostly in the 1-hair area of ​​the vagina. Lice are to suck human blood every day, so they suck human blood many times a day. When the patient has a high fever, the lice escapes from the human body and finds a new host, that is, finds new people who have not developed diseases to parasitize. At this time, it plays a role in spreading and spreading diseases. Body lice can produce 270 to 300 eggs in a lifetime, so the head lice can produce 80 to 110 eggs, and pubic lice can produce 26 eggs, so their reproduction is also very large.

To prevent and control lice, we must first be clean and hygienic, keep our own clean and hygienic, change clothes frequently, wash hair frequently, and take a bath frequently. In addition, we must also be hygienic in our family environment, so that we can often wash our floors, carpets and clean various environments in our family. Second, use high temperature to eliminate lice. When lice are found, we can kill adults, nymphs and eggs of lice at 65 degrees, just 15 to 30 minutes, so that the purpose of preventing and controlling lice is achieved. The third is drug fumigation and drug fumigation. We cannot use it randomly. It needs to be carried out under the guidance of experts. The drugs commonly used are methyl formate and other drugs. This type of medicine is safer for humans and animals, but its dosage and medication period must be carried out under the guidance of experts. In addition, there are Chinese medicines. Hundreds of Chinese medicines have a good insecticide effect on lice. It is often used to use hundreds of soaked alcohol after alcohol. It is very effective in killing lice.

The fourth type of disease-borne insect is bed bugs. There are not many types of bed bugs, mainly divided into tropical bed bugs and temperate bed bugs. The types of diseases transmitted by bed bugs include q rokeletsia, hepatitis B virus, plague, regressive fever, black fever, Kagrish disease, wave disease, Tularence disease and Ban's filariasis disease, etc. Some of the diseases it transmits are also very serious diseases for humans. The habits of bed bugs are mainly because they are afraid of light and eggs are mostly laid in quilts, bed boards, mosquito nets, etc. Bed bugs must suck human blood to lay eggs. Therefore, they are very close to humans. Of course, many of their habits are very similar to lice.

The fifth category is fleas, fleas. Many older people may have the impression that it is difficult to distinguish the types of fleas. We generally call them most of them uniformly fleas. Their living habits are very similar to lice and bed bugs. The only difference is that the only difference between fleas and lice and bed bugs is that they have a large activity energy, fleas, jumping and jumping ability are very strong. It can be called the high jump champion in the biological world because its ability to jump can jump to more than a thousand times its height. Because of its strong activity ability, it often jumps back and forth between humans and animals, people and pets, so their disease transmission is more frequent. It is more frequent than lice and bed bugs. Then, the prevention and control of fleas is basically similar to the method of preventing and treating lice, because they are similar insects.

The sixth type of disease-borne insect I want to introduce to you is cockroaches, or insects we usually call cockroaches. There are many types of cockroaches, and there are often only a few types that are closer to us. Such as German cockroaches, Eastern cockroaches, American cockroaches, Japanese cockroaches, and black-breasted cockroaches, these are five types. These cockroaches and cockroaches often live in our living environment and are intimate and intimate with us. The way it transmits diseases is to vomit continuously when eating. It is used to vomiting, so its vomiting will lead to contaminating food. Especially when eating food from our humans, it constantly vomits, and then it will vomit continuously.

Many bacteria and viruses remain on our food. When we humans eat these foods, we will be infected with diseases. The habit of cockroaches is very disgusting. It has a particularly sensitive sense of smell. When human food is either not covered or closed, or when people eat and eat, they can quickly feel the bits of food that fall on the underground table. When people are resting, when people leave the house, they come out to move. In addition to these characteristics, cockroaches have many characteristics of life: First, they like a warm and humid environment, that is, the temperature is more appropriate, and in addition, they are relatively humid rings.

Second, it likes to lie down at night and move at night, that is, when people are in the middle of the night, or when people leave in the family, it also occasionally comes out to move. It moves very quickly, its body is very thin, and when a very small gap appears, it can get into it. In a very small gap that is difficult for us humans to imagine, it can get into it. Therefore, when we catch it, we can sometimes feel very troubled about it. In addition, cockroaches live in groups in groups, and their actual range of activity is not very large. It is often in the nest of cockroaches or near the gathering place of cockroaches. The largest range of activity is only two or three meters.

Places, two or three meters in radius. Therefore, it often moves around its nest, looking for food, or pollutes our human food. Of course, it is not ruled out that some cockroaches will run far away. Therefore, gradually, when its group is large, many cockroaches will spread to other places, playing the role of cockroach honeycomb or spreading. Therefore, after an initial settlement in a room, it will have multiple settlements after a period of time. Therefore, when we first find cockroaches, it will not take long, perhaps one or two months, our families may find cockroaches to appear in various places.

Then cockroaches have a very mixed diet. We know that they like to eat food from our humans, leftovers of our humans, and residues that we humans fall on the ground. Similarly, when there are no these things, they can also eat dandruff, dandruff, etc. that fall from our bodies. When there are really no such things, they can even eat cockroaches' own corpses, that is, dead cockroaches. They can survive by feeding a little bit, and when they have a drop of water, they can survive for two to three weeks.

Therefore, the vitality of cockroaches is very tenacious. Of course, this is also a weakness. We humans can also use this weakness to prevent and control cockroaches. When we kill those cockroaches with microorganisms or chronic poisons, these corpses are eaten by live cockroaches, and eventually lead to death, which can prevent and control cockroaches. Another characteristic of cockroaches is that when individuals meet, they like to collide with each other's tentacles, or lick each other's head and their mouths. This behavior is often the same

It will be used by us humans because when cockroaches eat pesticides, before they die, they encounter other cockroaches that have not encountered pesticides. They will use contact, touch their mouths and heads to transmit pesticides, thus achieving a good effect of preventing and controlling cockroaches. However, cockroaches have very strong hunger resistance, so these characteristics of cockroaches also reflect that they are a master of guerrilla warfare. They also start to move when we are resting, and when we are here

, It lurks again, it moves quickly and responds sensitively. Of course, it is also cruel in our imagination, because it can eat the corpse of cockroaches without food. There are many types of diseases that cockroaches can spread, and there are about forty diseases, which are transmitted by cockroaches, the main ones include Mycobacterium leprosy, Bacillus plague, Horacea dysentery, cholera, meningitis, etc. These are very serious and very dangerous diseases. Therefore, we cannot take the prevention and treatment of cockroaches lightly.

The seventh type of insect that is transmitted from disease is dust mites. Dust mites are very small mites. There are three main types of them: one is house dust mites, that is, the "house" of the house, the second is dust mites, and the third is buried dust mites. Then these three types of dust mites live in our environment. Of course, we are generally invisible. Dust mites are widely distributed in the environment we live in. Including our pillows, our bedding, cushions, furniture, dust, carpets, etc., dust mites are almost everywhere. Dust mites feed on powder and often feed on our fallen dandruff, scalp, flour, mold and other organic matter in the dust around our house. Therefore, the vitality of dust mites is very strong. When we don’t clean the room for a long time, once we pick up the carpet, it will shake slightly, and then these dust contains many dust mites. Therefore, it is the ground

The authentic hidden killers are infected with diseases without us knowing them. The types of dust mites are asthma. When we have asthma for many reasons, we will not think that it is transmitted by dust mites. Often, this hidden killer spreads asthma, making our respiratory system very uncomfortable and causing asthma. The second is allergic rhinitis. Some of our sudden rhinitis are allergic to certain dust and odors in the environment, and many are caused by powder mites. There are also allergic eczema, and bumps all over the body are also transmitted by dust mites. In severe cases, mite pneumonia will occur, that is, when it enters our respiratory tract and even enters our lungs, it will cause mites to develop in our lungs, and so on. Then this hidden killer is more hidden and should attract our attention.

For the prevention and control of dust mites, the first thing is to do is to maintain good hygiene, requiring the number of dust mites to be reduced to less than 12 per square meter. In this way, our lives will not be infected by mites and we will not get sick. Therefore, our environment must be ventilated and transparent, keep the indoor dry, wash and dry clothes and carpets frequently, etc. Scrubbing frequently, always maintain a hygienic state. Second, chemical mite killing is used to effectively prevent and control dust mites with 5% concentration of methyl hydroxybenzoate. Of course, there are many chemical pesticides, which have a good anti-killing effect on dust mites.

(Source:cctv-10 "Baijia Forum" column)

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