Chapter 211 Lushun Agreement
January 15th, October 21st, 23rd year of Guangxu, Russian Confucianism, Monday.
After more than ten days of tug-of-war negotiations, the Russian government's plenipotentiary representative of the Russian government to China, Kasini, finally lowered his noble skull and signed the Lushun Agreement.
The other party signing was Zhang Yunfei, the Minister of Plenipotentiary of Russia, representing the Qing government. There were also the British Counselor to China Acting Minister Sir Dou Nale, who had come forward to mediate the mediation of the United States Counselor to China, Colonel Charles Havedenbi, the French Minister First Counselor, and the German Minister Feng Haijing and other ministers to China, all signed the "Lushun Peace Treaty" as witnesses of the Qing Dynasty and Tsarist Russia's joint maintenance of peace and stability in the Far East.
The Lushun Agreement stipulates that the Lushun incident was purely a misunderstanding, and both sides stopped pursuing the other party's responsibility. After the signing of the treaty, the Qing government withdrew troops from the occupied Russian Binhaizhou within half a year and returned the Vladivostok fortress to Russia. Within three years, Russian naval prisoners of war captured in the Lushun region were repatriated. In order to maintain the stability of the Far East, the two sides shall not commit any military or paramilitary provocation to the other party within five years after the signing of the treaty. After the signing of the treaty, the two sides will take effect immediately and jointly publish a newspaper to clarify that the Lushun incident is purely a misunderstanding.
That day, when Zhang Yunfei told the Russian minister Kasini about the capture of Vladivostok, he knew that Russia would either start a full war, suffer a loss, or blackmail it out in a silence. However, he never expected that Russia would compromise so soon. According to Zhang Yunfei's judgment, Russia would have no way to dispatch troops to the Far East in a short period of time, and could only get some things that could not be obtained through the negotiating table. Zhang Yunfei was already preparing for possible military revenge in Russia a year, and was ready to deal with the long boring negotiations.
It is precisely because of Zhang Fei's boldness that he attacked the Vladivostok fortress that Russia was in chaos. It can be imagined how many spits the people who sent telegrams to Nicholas II would be. Vladivostok, as the only estuary in the Far East, is self-evident in Russia's political, economic, military and other aspects. The Tsar's dream for centuries was to fight for the estuary. The Baltic Sea, the Black Sea and the Pacific Ocean in the Far East were all the hard work of the Tsars. Now that Zhang Yunfei attacked Vladivostok in one fell swoop, it was stuck in Nicholas II's throat like a fish bone.
Tsar Nicholas II refused the dissuasion of some ministers and immediately issued a general mobilization order for war. Russia's war machine quickly turned. Due to Tsarist Russia's personnel and their poor, they had fought with almost all European countries. Zhang Yunfei strictly blocked the news of the Far East. The great powers did not know who Russia was targeting. The Russian mobilization order immediately touched the nerves of neighboring countries. They had been responding to Russia and France's allies, and all the troops on the border entered a first-level combat readiness. Especially the Ottoman Turkish Empire, which was deeply threatened by Russia, also mobilized them.
In Europe, there are only two countries in this Allied Power, France and Russia, while the Allied Powers include Germany, Italy, Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Turkish Empire. Their strength is far from that of the Allied Powers. France, who is unknown, immediately panicked and immediately entered a state of national war readiness.
The European nerves have been nervous since the establishment of the Allies in 1879, and they have been tense until the Allies were established in 1892. Any turmoil may lead to the outbreak of war, so the European countries are very restrained. Especially the member states of the two major military groups, neither side dares to easily take action in war.
The thunderous Tsar Nikola did not realize the changes in Europe at first. It was not until a few days later that neighboring countries entered a state of war readiness that they realized their recklessness. They hurriedly explained to neighboring countries that the situation of Russia's mobilization was against the Qing Dynasty in the Far East, but other countries would believe in Russia's sincerity. As long as Russia did not cancel the mobilization order, God knows whether Russia would suddenly change its finger.
On the side of the Allies, although Germany knew that Nikola's words might be true. However, as a monarch, the country and the country must prepare for war. This is a normal move. In addition, the Ottoman Turkish Empire is afraid of Russia and the death of the land. Even the wartime intelligence liaison officers were sent to Germany. Moreover, the German leadership believed that they should be prepared for the precaution.
It made Nicholas II depressed that when he reported to France, France was considering its own security and firmly opposed Russia's transfer of troops to the Far East. Because Israel and France currently have military strength, they can only barely defend against allies' attacks. If Russia transfers troops to the east to start a war, once they fall into the quagmire, France will become a lonely army.
Faced with the strong demands of France, Nicholas II was in a dilemma. France was Russia's last ally. Without the French dialect, Russia could not survive in Europe. After calming down, Nicholas II finally summoned all the local trusted ministers.
How to deal with Zhang Yunfei? The result is still temporary patience. Russia is undergoing reforms. The war will not only exhaust the money in the mainland. Once the financial collapse, the disaster will be unprecedented. Russia's economy will not only make things worse. It will also cause a serious vicious cycle. It is not conducive to the rule of the Romanjov Dynasty. It can only wait for Russia to complete the reform of the gold standard. With the remaining money, it can support a war with the Qing Dynasty.
Tsar Nicholas II disagreed at first, but there is really no better way at present. And, the worst thing is that on November 1, the situation in Europe changed.
When Zhang Yunfei learned that such a strange thing happened in Europe, he wanted to kiss the lucky goddess. He never expected that his attack on Vladivostok would cause tension in Europe. Wouldn't this almost have a world war?
Regarding the situation in Europe, the British authorities guessed that it was Zhang Yunfei from the Far East who was making trouble. As a result, British Minister Salisbury urgently notified the British Minister to China Sir Dou Nale through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to rush to Lushun, and personally met Zhang Yunfei and asked clearly what happened.
As a result, after asking, Zhang Yunfei truthfully told the attack on Vladivostok. After learning about the situation, Salisbury almost turned his nose up by Zhang Yunfei, which also confirmed Zhang Yunfei's boldness and strength. The original defeat of the Russian Far East fleet had already made the British authorities very happy. Now that Russia's only seaport in the Far East is destroyed, Russia's power in the Far East will basically collapse.
However, if you are happy, things will become very complicated. Russia will not give up and will inevitably counterattack. Zhang Yunfei's little strength is currently unable to compete with Russia in the Far East. Therefore, in order to safeguard its interests in the Far East and strengthen cooperation with Zhang Yunfei, the United Kingdom must be put on the agenda. It is time for the United Kingdom to show its strength.
On November 1, the British Mediterranean Fleet and the Turkish Fleet had a total of 1c7 warships of various types, suddenly appeared in the high seas near St. Petersburg in the Baltic Sea of Russia, and held large-scale military exercises.
This made Zhou's nerves tense again, and also made Russia confirm that Britain was preparing to stand out for Zhang Yunfei.
At this moment, the US government sent Navy Colonel Charles Haby as the new ambassador to China, replacing the former ambassador to China John Russell Young, who had arrived in China. At the same time, he was the special envoy of US President William McKinley and on behalf of the Republican Party of the United States, congratulated Zhang Yunfei on his return to China and his victory in the Battle of the Yellow Sea.
Yunfei knew that the purpose of US President William McKinley sent people was nothing more than sharing some benefits like in the Philippines. However, Zhang Yunfei does need the help of the United States at the moment, and at this time he gave the two sides a good opportunity to cooperate. So Zhang Yunfei immediately asked the US Minister to China, Colonel Charles Harvey Denby to give a note to the Russian Minister, hoping to express the relationship between the US government and Zhang Yunfei and stand on Zhang Yunfei's side.
Originally, the purpose of the Colonel Charles Harvey Dengbi was to see if he could find an excuse to propose the matter of cooperating with Zhang Yunfei to open the Northeast. At this time, Zhang Yunfei took the initiative to make a request, which was a good opportunity for the United States. So Dengbi Navy Colonel immediately agreed to Zhang Yunfei's request and conveyed to the Russian Minister Kasini that the government's desire to peacefully resolve the Lushun incident.
After the news reached St. Petersburg, Nicholas II finally gave up and immediately started a war with Zhang Yunfei and the Qing Dynasty. Britain, which ranked first in terms of national strength, and the United States, which ranked second in terms of national strength, were undoubtedly on Zhang Yunfei's side, while Germany, the third, had been eyeing the millions of territories in Russia's Poland region. Nicholas II, who calmed down, had to hand over the matter to the Qing Dynasty minister Kasini, with full power.
A situation that was originally very nervous but imminent ended in an upset ending, which was really shocking. The speculator Zhang Yunfei once again made huge profits, not only the international and domestic fame rose, but most importantly, Zhang Yunfei swallowed up the Russian far-distance team's strength soared. Other countries were not very clear about the details, but when Russia accepted the prisoners, they would probably know that they were severely plotted by Zhang Yunfei. However, the anger at that time could only wait until the treaty was invalidated and let it go together to find Zhang Yunfei.
On the day of the agreement signed, officials, gentry, students, soldiers, and ordinary people from the Lushun Fortress and the city were all dressed up to march on the streets in their grand costumes. Firecrackers were set off, gongs and drums were ringing, and the people sang happily, which was very lively. In order to promote Zhang Yunfei, under the Thousand Needles of Lieutenant Colonel Zhao Huaiye, Lushun held a grand celebration on the old street that day. The first pure infantry artillery of the 6th Army Second Division stationed in the fortress barracks formed a grand entry ceremony. Several wealthy merchants even invested in a lion dance team to perform a grand lion dance party in front of the 6th Army. Congratulations on defeating Russia and recapturing Lushun, it was also filled with the awakening of the country in the hearts of the heavenly kingdom they called for.
Chapter completed!