"For mathematicians, all problems in the world are mathematical problems, and all phenomena in daily life can be explained by mathematics... I am a doctor, but what I once loved most was mathematics. All of my I believe that mathematics can be used to treat diseases, even cancer..."

Kristen*Kyle talked eloquently and her face was full of confidence. Even these old experts and old otakus had to secretly praise, "It's so cool!"

In fact, her job is really cool. She is the director of the Cancer Research Office of the Royal Swedish Academy of Medicine, and her research direction is unique - using mathematics to study cancer.

"Is there mathematics to cure diseases? Did I hear you right? Am I crazy or is this woman crazy?"

"Are we going to throw out the theory of mathematical omnipotence again? Whose conjecture is it this time..."

"Forget it, for the sake of Director Jay Chou and the Zhou Group, just listen to what she has to say."

Needless to say, Ye Decao, Zhang Gongzi, Big Mouth Wei Minghe and other domestic experts and scholars are among the first-class experts and scholars in the country. The rest of the people can join the project team. Which one is not a famous figure in the medical field? And all of them have more than ten years or even... Decades of experience in researching cancer. Generally speaking, if the world's medical community has any breakthroughs or new theories in cancer research, they will know it immediately. Before Kyle immersed himself in studying her 'mathematical treatment theory', She is still very creative in the field of cancer research, and some experts have heard of her name; but Christine Kyle will be disappointed this time. Since she started theoretical research on mathematical treatment of cancer, even in Europe It has been laughed at by many so-called mainstream scholars and gradually no longer attracts the attention of the world's medical community. Some research results are also difficult to see in influential medical journals. How could these old experts and otakus in China know about it? Naturally, there was an uproar and they thought this Women are really crazy.

Looking at her colleagues in the audience who were either snickering or looking disdainful, Christine Kyle straightened her chest, making her already tall front look even more upright.

She had her perseverance. In 21 years, her father died of lung cancer. At that time, she was studying as a graduate student in the Department of Applied Mathematics. It was an extremely difficult time. Her father was an engineer, and all her knowledge and hobbies about mathematics were It comes from her father. He played mathematical games with her when she was young, cultivating her thinking habit of quantitatively analyzing everything. After her father passed away, she chose to enter medical school, and her research direction was mathematical biology. She studied under the famous Ellsworth Allward, a professor of neuropathology, specializes in brain cancer. The reason why she did not choose to start with lung cancer was because cancer was too difficult for her to face. Her two brothers also died of lung cancer inexplicably. This was like the family's obstruction, which always made her break out in a cold sweat when she came back from her dreams in the middle of the night.

Mathematics may not be able to explain fate, but it can at least explain cancer. She has no doubt about this.

"A naive researcher, with a crazy idea to save the world, hopes to use mathematics to solve the world's biggest problems." She once said to her supporters with a smile, "I was poured cold water on it at the time. Even today. If you say that cancer is manageable and predictable, you will still be met with skepticism or even ridicule. This suspicion is reasonable; the mechanism of cancer occurrence and metastasis is too complex. How can so much molecular data be simplified into How about a few mathematical formulas? But I have to do it!"

Not long ago, Christine Kael published an article in Cell, a small Swedish medical journal, exploring what went wrong in humanity's war on cancer.

She concluded that one cancer cell is smarter than 100 top cancer experts. The more we learn about cancer, the more we find that cancers are more complex than expected. They invade the immune system, travel through blood vessels, colonize distant organs, and recruit

Normal cells support their rebellion…

Molecular biology research has discovered more than 25,000 genetic mutations related to cancer, and this number is still increasing. A recent study by Johns Hopkins University in the United States showed that pancreatic cancer alone involves 1,007 different genetic mutations.

.In addition, the growth of cancer cells is also affected by the surrounding blood supply, nutrition and immune system status.

From the perspective of "war", the joining of mathematicians is undoubtedly a powerful foreign aid. In fact, as early as 50 years ago, mathematicians had already tried to use mathematics to explain cancer, but decades later, this kind of

Research has just begun to enter the mainstream medical field from obscure academic journals; finally, it is time for cancer biological data to accumulate at an alarming rate, and the entire medical field is in urgent need of quantitative tools to organize and analyze these data, Christine

*Kyle knew his chance had come.

"Now, the entire cancer research is focused on the molecular biology level: genes, intracellular signaling pathways and, most recently, mysteries. The financial resources of the entire country, and even the world, are focused on small genetic mutations. The question is, how do we

Connect these micro-level data and information to a specific patient's tumor?"

Christine Kyle gently pushed up her gold-rimmed glasses. Her proud figure, beautiful face and figure that could still be called a 'devil' even though she was nearly forty years old, made these old otakus stop unconsciously.

They talked and laughed, and looked up at her blankly. I have to say that she is a very charming and intellectual beauty, and the theory she proposed seems quite attractive; of course, if it were Ye Decao on the stage,

This kind of old man is a big-mouthed guy who cannot be described in words. No one is in the mood to understand the so-called mathematical methods.

"They were finally willing to listen to me patiently. My personal beautician was right. A woman's proper display of her charm will make many things easier..."

Thinking of this, Christine Kyle glanced at Zhou Yi in the audience, and suddenly became inexplicably interested in the chairman of the Zhou Group and the discoverer of cancer factors. However, this little idea was soon revealed.

The serious atmosphere in front of her diluted. She took a deep breath and began to sort out what she wanted to express. She only had one chance. She had to conquer the young chairman and the old guys in the project team and make them agree with her research results.

So that the results can be added to this project team.

"Using mathematics to treat cancer sounds incredible... Well, let's choose an angle that everyone can accept..."

Christine Kyle gave all the experts present a very affirmative, confident, and conquering look, just like a high-ranking queen giving a speech to her people: "My idea is to jump out of the molecular level.

Let’s start from the perspective of clinical imaging. After all, this is the most commonly used and most visual monitoring method by doctors. It directly affects the patient’s diagnosis and treatment process..."

"The problem with current clinical imaging is that it cannot detect all tumors. Many cancer cells are hidden under the water. This means that when doctors understand the patient's tumor, a lot of information is lost. Not only is it impossible to remove with surgery,

For all tumors, other treatment methods are also limited. So, I want to design a model that allows doctors to see the situation "under the deep water". Of course, this is a mathematical model..."

The beginning is always the hardest, but once she gets into the groove, she, the speaker, and the audience soon enter her mathematical world together.

Christine Kyle's focus is on glioma. This is the most common malignant brain tumor and the most dangerous because it spreads very quickly. It spreads slowly in the brain like a

Once diagnosed, it is often accompanied by hundreds of genetic mutations, and clinical imaging testing instruments such as MRI (nuclear magnetic resonance) can only reveal the tip of the iceberg, and 99.9% of cancer cells cannot be displayed.

This kind of brain tumor does not actually contradict Zeng Ming's previous insistence on the "human brain immortality". What Zeng Ming and others call the human brain is actually no longer a physical brain. It is an abstract human brain that contains the concepts of spirit and soul.

, but despite this, Zeng Ming was very interested in her speech and listened very carefully.

Her model is actually a set of partial differential equations. Based on a patient's m-day historical data, she calculates the speed at which cancer cells divide and spread in the brain tissue, and simulates its diffusion path. It not only shows the current real situation of cancer cells in the brain

Distribution (including the invisible part for m days). It can also calculate its most likely invasion position and speed in the next step.

It can accurately predict how long a patient can live, rather than giving a general "median survival period." More importantly, it can predict a patient's response and effect to radiotherapy. According to the current standard procedures, a

Brain cancer patients must receive brain radiation therapy once every six weeks, which is often accompanied by serious side effects. But her model shows that some patients whose tumors progress slowly can achieve the same effect by reducing the number of radiation treatments, while some tumors progress faster

Some patients are suitable for low-dose radiotherapy two or three times a day to improve survival.

Another benefit of this model is that it allows patients to avoid dangerous, hopeless and expensive surgeries. Brain surgery is risky and can cause paralysis, affect vision or the ability to speak. Sometimes, no treatment is better.

Treatment can save a lot of unnecessary pain.

For a cancer patient, a standardized treatment plan is a cruel and helpless choice. They often have to take many detours to find a right treatment plan, and by the time they find it, they may not have much time left. On the contrary,

If this time is not wasted, patients may be able to do some more interesting things, enjoy life, enjoy food, enjoy family...

This is the current reality of medicine - it never exists for individuals. But Christine Kyle's mathematical model proves that personalized treatment does not have to wait until scientists decipher all the genetic codes before it can be launched. With current technology,

, although it is difficult to cure cancer, it can at least maximize the efficacy and reduce harm to patients. Moreover, the establishment of this mathematical model can more efficiently help cancer researchers achieve the goal of conquering cancer, such as those in the audience just now

Because of the dispute over the 'route', all the experts and scholars were blushing, but they were all listening to her speech attentively at this moment; whether they were paying attention to her research results or her towering breasts, Christine Kyle considered it a success

.

"If you look at patients as a whole, you will find that everything is irregular. The same cancer may have completely different growth and spread patterns in different patients. But from an individual point of view, in fact, the cancer in each patient's body

Cells, their growth and spread patterns are traceable, which can greatly reduce the difficulty of conquering cancer."

Opening her laptop and connecting it to the projector, Christine Kyle began to show her research results. In fact, her mathematical model was very simple, with only two key parameters, but the prediction results were surprisingly accurate, with more than 1,350 predictions.

It has been verified on a patient.

"Mathematics has amazing predictive power."

Christine Kyle strives to make her voice more feminine, pleasing these old guys while gaining more time and opportunities to promote her research: "Let's imagine the weather forecast. If in the future

There is such a model. As long as a patient's data is input, regardless of m-day or genetic test results, it will automatically analyze the behavior pattern of the tumor, simulate how the tumor grows, spreads, and metastases, predict the patient's prognosis, and calculate the best drug combination.

And treatment plans. By then, 1,000 patients will have 1,000 different treatment plans. We will be able to completely abandon those stereotyped and rigid treatment procedures. In fact, they have never been scientific."

"Also, I boldly make an idea. If everyone can accept my research results, maybe it will reduce everyone's debates and make the school disputes disappear in the face of great mathematics?"

Christine Kyle's Chinese literature is really great. After hearing this, even Zhou Yi nodded unconsciously. Cheng Dong is very capable. This female medical scientist appeared so timely.

What Kristin Kyle proposed is not just a beautiful idea. In fact, some mathematical models have provided possible answers and even solutions to some practical problems that have troubled doctors for many years. For example, what level of chemotherapy is good for

Is it beneficial to patients? Researchers at the University of Virginia in the United States once used cancer genetic analysis to design a mathematical model to predict the effectiveness of the same chemotherapy drug for different patients with an accuracy of up to 85%. This model has been used in bladder cancer and breast cancer

It has been validated in and has the potential to be applied to all cancer types. It will soon enter clinical trials.

When doctors face an early-stage cancer patient, the first question is often: How aggressive are the cancer cells? Is the probability of metastasis high? Does the patient need aggressive treatment or a milder regimen? Although m-day and CT

It can show the size and shape of the tumor, but it cannot accurately estimate its potential aggressiveness. The mathematical model of Professor Vito of Vanderbilt University in the United States found that the aggressiveness of cancer cells is not only determined by the genetic mutation itself, but also by the surrounding microenvironment.

The composition and aggressiveness of tumors can be adjusted by changing one of the variables, such as oxygen content.

The "nonlinear scheduling algorithm" (an "optimization algorithm" that seeks the highest efficiency among thousands of variables and constraints) proposed by Ukrainian mathematician Roman 25 years ago was recently used by German researcher Lembert

Calculate the angle, intensity, and duration of radiotherapy rays to destroy tumors with maximum efficiency without damaging the surrounding healthy tissue. This system has been applied in the radiotherapy departments of some hospitals in Germany.

Even more exciting is the chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) model of Doron Levy, a professor in the Department of Applied Mathematics at the University of Maryland. CML is the "simplest" cancer because it only involves a single genetic mutation. 2001

In 2008, after the invention of a targeted drug called "Gleevec", the 5-year survival rate of patients with chronic leukemia increased from 50% to 95%. But the problem is that patients must rely on Gleevec for a long time. Once the drug is stopped, the blood will

The number of cancer cells in the patient will return to the level before treatment, or even higher. Once the patient develops resistance to Gleevec, the situation will become dire.

Professor Doron Levy's model basically allows the patient's immune system to replace Gleevec in fighting cancer cells, thereby getting rid of dependence on Gleevec. He spent 4 years tracking, collecting and analyzing the symptoms of CML patients taking Gleevec.

The state of the immune response during Gleevec. Finally, he found that when he was first diagnosed, the patient's immune system was very weak, but once he started taking Gleevec, the anti-leukemia immune response in the patient's body continued to increase, reaching a peak and then slowly falling back.

During this period, the cancer cells are still there, but the relatively small amount causes the immune system to weaken. At this time, a simple cancer vaccine (the patient's blood at the initial stage of diagnosis) kills the cancer cells in it and re-injects it.

The immune system can be reactivated by infusing it back into the patient's body. The key to this model is to calculate the best time to inject the vaccine for the patient. The immunotherapy program guided by it is likely to eventually cure leukemia.

Of course, these results have not entered the mainstream medical field. Even Zhou Yi had a certain understanding after reading the information that Christine Kyle brought with her. The experts and scholars present, including senior brother Ye De

Everyone, including those awesome figures like Grass, Cheng Dazui and General Cheng, their eyes widened when they heard this, and they were almost conquered by her.

There are a thousand treatments for a thousand patients? Then what are we arguing about? Aren’t we all just like children playing house, playing childishly? It hurts our self-esteem too much... But it must be done

Admit it, this woman not only has big breasts, but also has a high IQ!

Standing up, Zhou Yi applauded vigorously: "That's great, Dr. Kyle. You are an excellent medical scientist and an amazing mathematician! I want you to join the project team. No one else
Chapter completed!