Dongdong, Fernando in the study heard a light-paced knock on the door.!

"So early?" Fernando stared at Lucien with slightly cloudy red eyes, suddenly feeling subconsciously alert and alert for his abnormality.

Lucien lowered his head and smiled: "After writing the paper, the sun just rose, so he came straight."

"What paper?" Fernando had a more dangerous premonition. This did not come from the main star of fate, but the "crystal of wisdom" condensed repeatedly in the same situation. "Is it subversive?"

Lucien thought for a while and nodded affirmatively: "Yes, but it is only based on the observation of a large number of experimental results, and there is no strict proof. It is not ruled out that it will be overturned or covered by other theories that include these observation phenomena in the future."

"Take it." Fernando breathed a sigh of relief. In this way, even the subversive theory could not make him lose his head until it was proved by decisive arguments.

Lucien took out a paper and handed it over. When Fernando saw the topic, his expression immediately became bad.

""Probability Interpretation of Wave Functions"." He read out the title of this paper word by word, and vaguely guessed the content inside. Over the past period of time, the large number of electron scattering, diffraction and other experiments he has done seem to show something. The reality that Oliver's interpretation of wave functions cannot match some experimental results seems to be explaining something.

Looking through the paper, Fernando read without saying a word, and the atmosphere around him became more and more depressing, as if a substantial storm was about to come.

Suddenly, before he finished reading the paper, he raised his head, and countless electric lights flashed in his red eyes, and said incredibly dangerously: "What do you mean is that the wave function is not a wave in the normal sense, but a probability wave?"

Lucien met the teacher's dangerous gaze without fear: "Yes, by observing a large number of experimental results and introducing Chloe's statistics in the field of molecular motion, we can describe the wave function in this way, which represents the probability that electrons appear at a certain position in space."

Fernando seemed to be suppressing his great anger: "The probability of it having a certain position on the sensor screen is 100%!"

There is no doubt that every arcane has seen the experimental phenomenon of electrons being emitted onto the sensing screen and arousing fluorescent spots. Its position is certain and certain.

Lucien could understand the teacher's mood and said seriously: "For example, if we throw out the coin without knowing the external conditions, during the whole process, we can only say that it has the possibility of proving that it is facing upward, but when it falls to the ground, the result is determined and there will be no change. The probability is naturally 100%. What we are talking about is the electron before observation, not the electron whose result has been determined after observation."

After saying this, Fernando is easier to understand and his emotions are relieved slightly, and he grasps the key point: "Before observation? After observation? Then before we observe, according to your interpretation, electrons may appear in any position in the space, but there is a greater probability that some places will appear?"

He could not imagine the existence form of electrons at all!

Fernando can accept the coin without any obstacle. It is the front and the reverse constantly changes, which leads to different possibilities for landing. But since the electron describes the probability of space position, it is possible anywhere. Doesn’t this mean that at the same time, it may be here or there it is everywhere?

This is more ridiculous and incredible than any magic!

At least so far, except for the unaware level of gods, no magician can create such magic and allow himself to exist in a similar state!

Lucien made a metaphor: "Before observation, electrons are like an illusory cloud without entities. They are everywhere in space. They are the thicker places in all possible superpositions, and are the locations with a relatively high probability of their appearance, but they do not mean that after observation, they will definitely appear here."

"Before observation, electrons are things we cannot imagine, they are contradictions and unified monsters with wave-particle duality. Therefore, we cannot imagine its state with the original concept. This is meaningless. We can only describe it from the experimental results that we can strictly verify."

Fernando pressed his lips tightly, as if he could roar as long as he opened his mouth.

Lucien went further: "In fact, teacher, you should have observed through magic experiments that when we improve the magic array and reduce the number of electrons emitted at one time, we can see that the first thing that appears is not the diffraction image, but the messy electron-induced light spots. As the number of electrons increases, the diffraction image is gradually formed. Why?"

"This is because it is impossible to accurately know where a single electron appears after diffraction. It is the probability. We can only describe that it may appear here, so a small number of electrons will appear in a messy state. However, when there are enough numbers, the overall probability distribution is in line with the probability distribution. In some places, there are many electrons and in some places, there are few electrons, so light and dark hybrids, and diffraction images appear."

"Just like when throwing a coin seven or eight times, we cannot accurately guess in advance how many times the coin is facing upward, but when the coin is tossed several hundred, thousands or tens of thousands, the number of times the coin is facing upward should be around half!"

"If we can one day improve the magic circle to only launch one electron at a time, things will be clearer."

"Probability, probability!" Fernando's expression was a little distorted, as if he wanted to eat the probability.

He didn't need Lucien to explain common sense of probability to himself. This is one of the fields that the authoritative thermodynamics knows best and is best at. At this time, the electron diffraction experiment he had done over the past period of time was indeed like a road! Xi said that before the number of electrons was insufficient, the light spots were messy.

Such a clear picture made his hands tremble slightly, and the wind blew around him, blew the paper in the study loudly: "Before observation, electrons are probabilistic clouds that permeate the space? After observation, is it a matter with a certain position? What happened in the middle?"

Lucien turned a blind eye to the wind, calm as if he was the god of death who was verdict: "The wave function collapsed, and the cloud collapsed from the diffuse probability into a small dot with a certain position. Observation caused the wave function to collapse. Before observing, what form the electron was, it had nothing to do with us, and it had no meaning!"

"Observation causes the wave function to collapse?" Bang, a lightning bolt illuminated the study, destroying a statue, Fernando suddenly stood up and looked at Lucien fiercely, "Our observation has allowed the electron to change its form?"

Lucien nodded and said, "Teacher, what is the method of observation based on our observation? Seeing things is because of reflected light and hearing sounds, because of the ripples of air oscillation. In the microscopic field, even the slightest observation method, such as photons, will disturb electrons, that is, our observation of microscopic particles will inevitably lead to changes."

"The interaction of microscopic particles?" Fernando's face looked a little better and roughly understood why observation leads to the collapse of the wave function. As for the previous probability cloud, which is incomprehensible and unimaginable, he decided not to care for the time being, and pointed directly at the core of Lucien's probability interpretation. "The activity of tossing a coin can strictly know the result of each time by knowing various external conditions. Therefore, it is not the real probability, but the pseudo-probability has a cause and a result. All initial states strictly and uniquely determine the final result. This is the basis of the astrology and the basis of the entire arcane and magic!"

"The probability manifested by electrons is also pseudo-probability, which is affected by external conditions that we have not yet discovered?"

His voice trembled a little, and there were signs of a storm about to begin in the study.

Lucien shook his head firmly: "At least there is no phenomenon at present that there is an external conditional influence. We can only say for the time being that probability waves are the essential properties of electrons and the intrinsic properties!"

"Say it again!" Fernando finally roared, and lightning began to appear, creating a scene like doomsday in the study.

The reason why arcane and magic are fascinating and the reason why exploring the truth of the world has made generations of magicians and arcanes give their youth, talents and life is because they believe that the world has essential laws, and everything is strictly operated under this law, such as the rising and falling of the sun, the movement of celestial bodies, such as wind and rain, the growth of organisms, such as elemental reactions, material mysteries, and atomic structures. As long as you understand the essential laws, you can truly master them!

Now, Lucien's interpretation of probability seems to be mocking this exploration, because the essential laws of the world are actually "probability". Even if you understand many laws of the world and reach the limit of life, you can only predict the maximum possibility that electrons will appear here, and you cannot accurately describe where they will appear.

This negates the basis of astrological prophecy! It also negates the basis of arcane and magic that explores the laws of the world!

Lucien pointed at the paper and looked at the roaring teacher seriously. As the lightning crackled down, his body naturally inspired the elemental skin: "There is a relevant explanation in the paper."

Fernando lowered his head and looked at one of the passages:

"In the past, we believed that as long as we knew all the current factors, we could strictly deduce or determine the outcome of things. Whatever the reasons were, the results were, and such a process was reversible, that is, what kind of results were, the reasons were there. Arcaneists called this determinism, the law of cause and effect.

"I like to define more strictly that the true law of cause and effect is the law of cause and effect on the timeline. The reason must be before the result, so the previous general law of cause and effect is best called determinism only."

"And now, I want to make it clear that there may be something wrong with determinism here."

"There is a problem with the determinism? The law of cause and effect?" Fernando looked at Lucien with a storm in his eyes, and roared loudly in the roar of thunder, "Tell me, is the trajectory of the sun a probability?"

Boom!

"Tell me, is our own existence a probability?"

Boom!

"Tell me, even if we have constructed a magic spell model in our soul and fully grasped every detail of it, and our mental power is in a state of abundant strength, casting magic is also a process of fighting for probability?"

"Absurd! Absurd!"

In the thunder and lightning, there is a vast universe behind Lucien. The planets inside are composed of protons and neutrons of different colors. The artificial planets surrounding them are pervasive in space and are everywhere. But when you look closely, they are sure at one point.

Rumble!

The Thunder Hell was mixed with the atomic universe, and Lucien looked at his teacher Fernando without any retreat:

"At least in the microscopic realm, determinism must die!"
Chapter completed!