After returning to the mansion, Lin Yanchao was very pleased to think of the discussions of the Shuji soldiers just now.

It is said that scholars taught by Confucianism are pedantic, but in fact, scholars never lack correct judgments.

What is correct?

Of course, it is not that what you understand correctly is correct, but that is correct. What you understand correctly is correct. That is what the emperor does.

No one except the emperor has this right, of course unless he is not just a person, but a philosophical school, using theory to guide all codes of conduct, from individual self-cultivation to manage the family, from governing the country and pacifying the world.

With this theory, both individual and social problems have their own solutions.

Just after talking about the concept of commerce and benefiting labor on the same day, Lin Yanchao was suddenly summoned to the palace the next day, saying that it was the emperor who summoned him.

This surprised Lin Yanchao. Since meeting in Hongde Hall that day, the emperor has not seen ministers and officials for nearly two months. All decrees have been notified to the cabinet in writing or verbally. How could the emperor suddenly summon him at this time?

So Lin Yanchao came to the Ganqing Palace with anxiety.

When I saw the emperor, I saw him still lying on the couch, and my right foot was still unable to go to the ground. However, the emperor's complexion was much better than two months ago.

There were many books and memorials placed next to the couch. When Lin Yanchao entered, the emperor was still reading the memorials.

When the emperor saw Lin Yanchao, he smiled and said, "Lin Qing, see how I look?"

Lin Yanchao's heart was relieved and smiled and said, "Your Majesty, I see Your Majesty's today's look. The so-called dragon spirit is so fierce. I think it will take not long to go to court."

After Lin Yanchao finished speaking, he saw the emperor's eyes turn.

Lin Yanchao looked at the emperor's face and thought, "Okay, I'm addicted to absent from work, I'll experience it when I stay at home. Isn't it great to not have to go to work every day?"

But I have already advised me, and then Lin Yanchao immediately remedyed: "But I think that the little minister outside talks, Your Majesty doesn't have to take it seriously. Your Majesty is still the most important thing to raise a dragon body. This is the blessing of the country and the country!"

The emperor nodded slowly and said, "The head of the Ministry of Justice, I have already condemned you very much, but I have summoned you to come today, not for this matter, but I will give you a seat!"

Lin Yanchao took his seat after he shed.

The emperor said: "I haven't been to court recently, so I can't help but feel bored. Let me talk to you casually and talk about national affairs?"

Lin Yanchao heard this and immediately said, "I am stupid, please give me advice."

The emperor smiled and said, "Lin Qing doesn't have to be restrained. You and I have been in charge of the king and minister for many years. You can tell me all about it. By the way, I want to hear Lin Qing's way of governing the country and ensuring national security. You think that if you want to make up for the deficit of the court last year, should you increase revenue or reduce expenditure?"

Lin Yanchao cursed in his heart, and 80% of people had already made a report.

So Lin Yanchao said seriously: "Your Majesty, from the Song Dynasty, we can see that Mr. Fan's new policy on Qingli is to reduce expenses, and the Xining reform led by Prince Wang is to open up the source. Both are ways to enrich the country and strengthen the army, but they also have their own disadvantages."

The emperor nodded and said, "Mr. Fan is Mr. Fan Wenzheng, he is also from Wuxian. Speaking of him, I remember that Mr. Shen is also from Wuxian."

Lin Yanchao said: "Your Majesty is really well-informed and powerful. Master Shen Ge is indeed from Wu County."

The emperor said: "Mr. Shen is not inferior to Duke Fan Wenzheng. What is the difference between him and the tenth year of Wanli after he was the chief minister?"

Every sentence is a trap!

What it means to be with the king is like accompanying a tiger? It is really not bad at all.

Lin Yanchao said: "Your Majesty said very well, but I think that today's peace and stability in the world are all the best in governing the country. However, the contribution of Mr. Shen's contribution to governing the country lies in the unity of the king and his ministers."

When the emperor heard this, he laughed and said, "Lin Qing, I am not here to talk to you about flattery. Our monarch and ministers have not chatted for a long time. What is the difference between today's politics in the tenth year of Wanli?"

Lin Yanchao could only say one thing in his heart, Zhang Jiangling, I'm sorry.

Lin Yanchao said: "I think the contribution of the new policy back then was to clear the land of Zhangzhang. Clearing the land of Zhangzhang was a good thing, but the officials below did it with their will, and even deliberately exaggerated and falsely reported it in order to please..."

"That's true..." said the emperor, "Lin Qing, I heard that the officials below falsely reported the local land for political achievements and to please Zhang Jiangling. Some counties even re-measure the fields in the county and reported them twice. Do you think this is the case?"

Lin Yanchao said: "Although I have never seen it, I think it is true..."

Speaking of this, Lin Yanchao added another sentence: "It is probably a mistake that must be corrected."

The emperor said seriously: "You keep talking."

Lin Yanchao said: "I think that if taxes are paid in many places based on the land that is produced by Qingzhang, it will inevitably be distributed to innocent people. The levy of intensive taxes will undoubtedly lead to civil chaos. After the master of Shen Ge was the chief assistant of the cabinet, he was known to have his illness, but the abolition of the strategy of clearing the land that would cause all previous efforts to be wasted. Therefore, the cabinet stopped the examination and became a law, and the governors of various provinces did not strictly report to the provincial government to urge the quota, so that the people could not be bothered by the government. This is the master of Shen Ge Lao, and the three Yang Yizhi, which is just like this."

The emperor nodded and said, "Well, I have gained something. By the way, I heard something today. It is rumored that when you taught Shujishi, you opposed the court's strategy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce, and encouraged trade and benefiting commerce. Can this be done?"

Lin Yanchao immediately said: "Your Majesty..."

The emperor said, "I am not a pedantic person, but emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce is a national policy that was set by our dynasty since the time of Taizu. How dare you say this? If I don't ask you today, if Taizu has a spirit in heaven, I will blame me! Or is this Mr. Shen's proposal?"

Lin Yanchao sneered in his heart, OK, Zhang Jing, I haven’t dealt with you yet, you’ll deal with me first.

Lin Yanchao said: "Your Majesty, this statement is not spoken by the minister, nor by the elder Shen Ge, but by Chen Liang, the ancestor of the Southern Song Dynasty, and Ye Shi, advocated it!"

The emperor said: "I know Chen Liang and Ye Shi advocated reform. I have read the theory of merits and merits of my beloved? In this way, it is consistent."

Lin Yanchao said: "Your Majesty, I have said that the reforms of my ministers are based on their merits, and their merits are based on their merits. If Your Majesty supports you, I am willing to follow the king and the minister, or Your Majesty can use my opinion instead of using me."

The emperor nodded and said, "Lin Qing, don't I know your character yet? If I didn't believe you, I would have sent the Jinyiwei to take you down, instead of summoning you to the Qianqing Palace to chat. I heard that today I will learn from the three branches of the school. But I think that Lin Xue, who is my beloved, is more concerned about learning, what is the singing of Neo-Confucianism?"

Lin Yanchao smiled and said, "Your Majesty, the study of merit, the study of mind, and the study of Neo-Confucianism have their own strengths and weaknesses. Please let me tell you one by one."

"Neo-Confucianism takes into account both the sage and the king of the outside. This is different from the mind study. The difficulty of learning the mind and the difficulty of entering the world lies in whether "achieving conscience" is the "nature principle"? The nature principle mentioned by Neo-Confucianism lies in one, but "achieving conscience" lies in the conscience of the individual. Can these two be unified? Or how can they be unified? No one can tell why.

"This year, the study of mind is gradually increasing and adapting to Confucianism, and tends to be born. Therefore, the only thing that Confucianism talks about the world's learning is the study of Mind and the study of merit, and the two are different."

The emperor smiled and asked, "Is the different studies of governing the world mentioned in Lin Qing? Is it a dispute over national policies?"

Lin Yanchao said: "I dare not talk about national policies, but my knowledge lies in being pragmatic in the world and in the way of using what I have learned. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the world was in conflict and wars continued. In order to save the world, hundreds of schools of thought contend. Kong, Lao, Zhuang, Mo, Yang, and Han all proposed ways to save the world and founded schools."

"However, in the end, most of the theories were only verbal skills, and could not be put into practice, and could not be passed down through the world. Only the Legalists' learning was practical learning. Qin used the Legalists to destroy the six kingdoms and one in all over the world. However, the success of the Qin Dynasty was the Legalists and the failure of the Legalists. Qin's exodus of the people and fished out the waters, which eventually led to wars everywhere."

The emperor smiled and said, "I know, therefore, the Han changed the Qin system and quoted Confucianism, but it was not what Confucian scholars later said, and they dismissed hundreds of schools and respected Confucianism alone. At that time, Emperor Xuan of Han once told the prince that the Han family had its own system, and they were originally mixed with the way of overlords, but how could they use the Zhou government purely for virtue and education?"

Lin Yanchao said: "What Your Majesty said is very true. However, in the early Han Dynasty, in order to recuperate, the court implemented the Huang-Lao technique. To put it bluntly, it is to govern a big country like cooking a small fresh food."

Huang Lao governed the country and set a precedent for the free economy. In today's terms, it was a "small government, big society."

Lin Yanchao also said: "When Emperor Wen of Han was reigned, he was exempted from agricultural tax, and he was exempted for thirteen years in a row. I would like to ask Your Majesty, can this move be effective today?"

Agricultural tax has been the majority of government tax revenue from ancient times to the present, accounting for 90% of a country's income. Zhang Juzheng's reform mainly aimed at clearing the land of Zhangzhang, with the purpose of increasing agricultural tax revenue.

After hearing that Emperor Wen of Han exempted agricultural tax for thirteen years, the emperor was silent for a long time, and then said, "It's impossible."

In fact, with the current finances of the Ming Dynasty, let alone the suspension of agricultural tax for one year, the canal transportation will be delayed for a few months, and the Ming Dynasty will basically be over.

When Li Zicheng entered Beijing, he had a crowd of millions, including only 50,000 or 60,000 people in his headquarters. The rest were surrendered troops of the Ming Dynasty. These surrendered troops of the Ming Dynasty did not receive any salary for many years. It was more appropriate to say that they followed Li Zicheng to Beijing instead of rebelling, but to use armed forces to ask for salary.

It is said that Li Zicheng was in a difficult position at that time, so he conspired to negotiate with Chongzhen. As long as Chongzhen was willing to give one million taels and two families were divided into land and governed. The Dashun Army could still help Chongzhen pacify Liaodong outside and suppress other rebels inside, but Chongzhen just couldn't afford it.

Lin Yanchao said: "I also think it is impossible, but the Han Dynasty used Huang-Lao's technique, and the people were worried, but the court could not organize 600,000 troops like the Qin Dynasty and sent them thousands of miles away to fight. Therefore, to defeat the Huns, the Legalists must be used."

When the emperor heard this, he immediately said with a look of grace: "That's true. If I hadn't raised 500,000 to 600,000 border troops, I would have stopped transporting the canal."

The emperor originally wanted to stop the agricultural tax, but when he thought about his pockets, he immediately changed his words and said that he stopped the canal transportation.

Lin Yanchao smiled and continued, "During Emperor Wu of Han, Dong Jiangdu proposed the convergence of Confucianism and Law, creating the theory of "resonance between heaven and man". Later, the Han family practiced Confucianism and law, using Confucianism to educate the people, but the Legalists were the ones who governed the country. This is what Emperor Xuan of Han said in a mixed way of kings and hegemony."

"For example, Your Majesty often reads the memorial saying, "The Holy Dynasty governs the world with filial piety." However, is Your Majesty the world purely based on the word "loyalty and filial piety?"

Lin Yanchao was rude to say this, but it was not in public. The emperor liked Lin Yanchao to tear the moral face of the civil minister and say a few words to him.

The emperor smiled and said, "Everyone said that the king and domineering are mixed with it. The word "loyalty and filial piety" is the king's way."

Lin Yanchao also said: "It is true that Legalism is used in the court and Confucianism is used in the folk. However, after Cheng and Zhu created Neo-Confucianism, they emphasized governing the country and pacifying the world, and moved Confucianism, which advocated personal moral cultivation, to the temple. In the Holy Dynasty, Taizu used Neo-Confucianism as the national policy."

The emperor said: "Lin Qing, I know that you have said so much, but what is different from emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce?"

Lin Yanchao said: "This is exactly what I am going to say now. Your Majesty, Neo-Confucianism, and Legalists all talk about focusing on agriculture and suppressing commerce. But there are slight differences. Legalists talk about focusing on agriculture and suppressing commerce, which means collecting the benefits of doing business as state-owned. For example, in the Han Dynasty, salt and iron, tea and wine as state-owned. Later, Wang Xianggong reformed the law and did not increase the taxes of the people, but enriched the country. This is the so-called people do not increase the taxes and the country uses enough. This is the way to emphasize agriculture and suppress commerce, which is what the Legalists have always advocated, ""

The emperor sighed that Zhang Juzheng's reform was also advocated by "the people did not over-the-tuition and made full use of the people."

The emperor was afraid that Lin Yanchao would see his thoughts and immediately said, "But Confucianism talks about stability and maintaining etiquette. Why do we also talk about valuing agriculture and suppressing commerce?"

Lin Yanchao smiled and said, "Because Confucianism also needs to reform the law?"

"Reform?" the emperor was surprised.

Lin Yanchao smiled and said, "Wang Mang's reforms were adopted as the reforms mentioned by Confucian ministers. The Confucian reforms were in retrospect. In order to restore the well-field system in the Zhou Dynasty, Wang Mang finally lost the world. Later Confucians separated the relationship between them, and the words were not from themselves, but all of them were Wang Mang."

The emperor nodded, Lin Yanchao's words came to his heart. He knew the nature of the ministers under him.

Lin Yanchao said: "In today's world, Neo-Confucians think that the court is not good, at least it is better than the well-field system, but at least it is better than some ministers to reform. Therefore, Neo-Confucians tend to be conservative and tend to safeguard vested interests."

The emperor suddenly realized and said, "No wonder Lin Qingyan wanted to reform the law. Is this move pursuing business and business, and then opening up the source for the country?"

Lin Yanchao said: "Your Majesty, this is the case. The national policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce was proposed by the Legalists, which was to enrich the treasury. However, the dynasty's emphasis on agriculture and suppressing commerce became that the country did not compete for profit with the people, but instead made the court poor and the people poor."

Lin Yanchao said this and stopped talking, because the following words were not allowed to speak to the emperor.

On the other hand, the emperor answered some questions. He felt that he had misunderstood Lin Yanchao's reforms at the time.

During the Industrial Revolution, Britain had a population of thirty times the Ming Dynasty, but its national income was about the same.

Zhang Juzheng's reform was to use the state to start a war against tax-evading officials and gentry groups. After his reform, Taicang silver income went from two million to six million a year. Although some of the six million were originally used to pay taxes with silver, it also achieved remarkable results and renewed the country's life.

But should Lin Yanchao take another trip to Zhang Juzheng's road?

As a time traveler, of course, I believe that developing productivity is more important than changing production relations.

The emphasis on agriculture and commerce has led to stability overwhelmingly, which has suppressed population mobility and information transmission. There is no commercial society, and no talks about any industrial revolution.

But what does an agricultural country need to transform into a commercial society?

For the Ming Dynasty, many conditions were already ripe. Go to Suzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing and take a look and you can know what the germination of capitalism is.
Chapter completed!