[Excerpt from interview transcript·Three laws of exploration and summary:

The author met Zhao Bowen at the end of 2020. This professor of physics at Nanjing University has a tight schedule and is very busy with work. The date agreed on WeChat was postponed twice before he found time to accept an exclusive interview with the author.

We found a cafe near Zhongshan Road. The agreed time was two o'clock in the afternoon. I arrived at one forty. I turned on my computer and mobile phone on the small table and ordered a cup of tea. At two o'clock, Zhao Bowen arrived on time.

.The winter in Nanjing is still very cold, and drizzle is still falling outside the floor-to-ceiling glass window. A tall and thin man opens the door of the cafe and walks in. He is wearing a long gray windbreaker, black trousers, tortoiseshell-rimmed glasses, and holding a folding umbrella in his hand.

, he raised his head and glanced around, his eyes falling on me.

I waved gently and he waved back.

Purpose and carrying information, are these two physical concepts?

I asked.

No.

The man sitting opposite waved his hand and smiled.

These are two nonsense concepts.

Mouthless? I was a little surprised.

Strictly speaking, it's a mouthful.

Zhao Bowen nodded.

We didn't have time to do any further experimental verification. Although it did show a guiding role in practice and was quite useful, usefulness and correctness are two different things. Teacher Tianrui, you know our situation at that time. It was a dead horse that was a living horse.

Doctor, everyone's eyes are dark. You only know that the sky will fall soon, but you don't know anything else. This is the most terrifying thing.

Zhao Bowen scratched his forehead.

If we want to study it in depth, this may be a major breakthrough that can subvert the modern physics system. However, the situation at that time was that reversing the future and eliminating disasters was the top priority, and other things were put aside. After all, if all human beings are destroyed

Well, what's the use of studying physics? Right? After the whole incident was over, we had enough time and manpower to study this problem... but we didn't have the chance.

The professor said as he picked up the hot coffee on the table and took a sip.

Well, this coffee tastes pretty good.

He raised his head and nodded to me.

That girl is a good child.

he said suddenly.

The author was stunned for a moment, then nodded, yes, she is a good child.

Zhao Bowen knew he was speechless, smiled a little awkwardly, and continued drinking coffee.

Professor, you just mentioned that the two concepts of purpose and carrying information have indeed played a guiding role in practice. What is purpose? What is carrying information?

I said.

Yes, they do play a role, allowing us to have a general direction and know which direction to explore. Purpose is actually a negative buff. It will make the world hinder you. For example, I believe Tianrui

Teacher, you must have had this experience in your daily life. If you can't find something, the harder you try to look for it, the less you can find it. But if you don't look for it deliberately, it will pop out by itself.

Author: Is this simply because you are short-sighted?

Zhao Bowen: Are you polite?

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Zhao Bowen continued:

The result of this negative buff in slow time delivery is that the stronger your purpose, the greater the obstacles you will encounter, and the greater the probability of delivery failure.

But purpose is the subjective thinking of us humans. It is just the intention in our brains. For example, I want to go somewhere, I want to give this cup of coffee to someone. Can this kind of thought affect the objective physical world?

I have some doubts.

A bit mysterious, right? Just like the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, Schrödinger's cat. The observer can decide whether the cat lives or dies. If you don't look at it, it is just a superposition state of the wave function. When you look at it, it collapses.

It has become a certain state, as if the observer's own thinking is affecting the objective world.

Zhao Bowen smiled.

But here, purposefulness is not an idealistic concept, it has a real impact. I still give the old example, Teacher Tianrui, I threw a stone casually outside the door and hid it in the flower bed on the roadside.

What is the difference between these two actions and letting someone pick it up?

The first kind of behavior has no purpose, and the second kind of behavior has a clear purpose.

I answered.

Zhao Bowen nodded:

What's the fundamental difference?

I choked.

Zhao Bowen took another sip of coffee and revealed the answer:

It's very simple. The difference lies in whether it carries information. Teacher Tianrui... have you heard of Shannon?

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The author never thought that I would discuss Shannon's information theory with a physics professor in a cafe. The white-haired old man with a long face is undoubtedly one of the most important scientists in human history, the theoretical founder of the information age, and a human being.

Having mastered the wonders of the entire theoretical system, the contemporary developed Internet and information industries have to kneel down and call him "Grandmaster" no matter what.

In Zhao Bowen's view, the fundamental characteristic of purpose is to carry information. If you throw the stone away casually, this behavior does not carry any information, but if you bury the stone in the flower bed and wait for someone to pick it up, then it will carry it.

A lot of information.

One of the foundations of Shannon's information theory is to reveal that the fundamental characteristic of information is the elimination of uncertainty. The more uncertainty is eliminated, the greater the amount of information.

It's going to rain tomorrow.

This sentence contains information.

It will rain moderately tomorrow.

This sentence contains more information.

Next, Zhao Bowen changed the topic and talked to the author about Maxwell’s Demon.

Teacher Tianrui, have you heard of Maxwell’s Demon?

Heard it.

I nodded.

Maxwell's Demon is a famous mythical beast in the history of physics, as famous as Schrödinger's cat.

Maxwell's Demon, the little monster that controls the valve, can detect the internal energy of a single particle and the speed of the particle, right? If the particle flies fast, it will be let go, and if the particle flies slowly, it will stop it. Zhao Bowen

Say, let's assume that there is another monster, a big monster, let's call it

The professor glanced at me.

Let’s call it Tianrui Shuo Fu Yao, Tianrui Yao. This monster is very, very huge, so big that it can cover the whole world. It can also control a valve, but what this valve distinguishes is not the speed of movement or the internal energy contained.

, but the amount of information. Targets that carry a huge amount of information will be stopped by it, while objects that do not carry information can pass unimpeded.

I suddenly understood what Zhao Bowen meant.

Time Slow Delivery failed. Is this because of this? Because the purpose is too strong and the amount of information is too large?

Zhao Bowen nodded.

This is why burying time capsules needs to follow the double-blind principle. This actually weakens the purpose. Strictly speaking, the more times the time capsule is handled and the more confusing the steps are during the process of burying, the weaker its purpose.

, from the perspective of this world, the closer its behavior is to random changes, the more uncertain it is, the less information it carries, and the closer it is to me throwing pebbles outside casually.

This is deceiving the world.

I said.

Yes.

Zhao Bowen nodded.

This is deceiving the world.

Then...then what is the specific existence of this Tianrui demon?

I asked.

It's a disaster.

Zhao Bowen replied.

It was the arrival of the black moon and an earth-shaking disaster. We called this mechanism the filter mechanism at the time. The world was like a big filter, filtering everything we sent over. As a monster, it was very naughty and hateful.

If you deliberately cause trouble for someone, if you give him a Rubik's Cube that has been twisted, it will mess it up for you, but if you give it a Rubik's Cube that is already messy, it will be too lazy to move.

Did it do this on its own initiative?

I asked.

Of course not. Whether Tianrui talks about the rune demon or the Great Filter, they are just descriptions of this mechanism and phenomenon. They use metaphors to make it easier for people to understand. In essence, the cause of this result is human civilization after the disaster.

Huge entropy increase and information dissipation and distortion.

Zhao Bowen replied.

The target carrying a larger amount of information will be more severely distorted and eventually lost.

I said.

Zhao Bowen nodded: Targets that do not carry much information at the beginning will not be affected.

At this time, the author finally understood the transportation mechanism of the time capsule. Through double-blind or even multiple-blind burial methods, the purpose of the time capsule was reduced as much as possible and its randomness and uncertainty were increased. The greater the uncertainty, the greater the uncertainty.

The amount of information is smaller. At this moment, the information carried by the time capsule is diffused to the entire universe, and can pass through the great filter. This is the so-called before deceiving the world, you must deceive yourself.

But it’s not enough to deceive yourself. No one can find a target whose information is scattered throughout the universe. It’s like throwing a capsule into Xuanwu Lake and no one can fish it out. Next comes the second half of the plan.

, let the girl find it.

Zhao Bowen said that theoretically it is impossible to find this capsule because the amount of information it carries is too small, but it happens that they have a savior outside of theory.

i725.

We must put ourselves to death first, and the life-saving straw that pulls us out is the radio station "Guailiangwu".

Zhao Bowen said leisurely.

This is amazing. Without the Guailiangwu radio station, this plan would not have been successful at all. It is the last key to completing the closed loop. If the radio station transmits it, the information scattered throughout the universe can instantly collapse to a certain point.

Just like the wave function that spreads throughout the universe collapses into a specific quantity, only with the existence of the radio station can the girl restore the originally chaotic Rubik's Cube. At that moment, the originally huge entropy will suddenly decrease!

This is the third law of slow passage of time.

Zhao Bowen said softly.

It is also a summary and coverage of the first two laws.

Every effort must be made to weaken the purpose and reduce the amount of information carried.]

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Bai Yang was silent for a long time.

"Understood?" Zhao Bowen finished smoking the cigarette in his hand and rubbed the cigarette butt on the floor.

"According to this, time capsules are not the only way to transport supplies." Bai Yang said.

"Of course there are more." Zhao Bowen nodded, "Theoretically speaking, as long as the three laws are followed, any method within the framework of these three laws will be feasible."

"Then can you send her an air conditioner?"
Chapter completed!