Chapter 178: Breathing Machine
The Chihu people transferred large-scale military households in the occupied areas, and surrendered generals and soldiers obtained excessive land allocation, and then used enslavement and exploited the supporters to farm, which became de facto military aristocrats to a certain extent.
Although the aristocratic world military system will have various disadvantages over time, no one can deny that it can play a huge role in condensing the morale of generals, improving combat effectiveness, and stabilizing the supply in the rear.
Chushan and even the entire Dayue were unable to launch a large-scale counterattack. Xu Huai might feel a little lucky at this time. Perhaps the Chihu people carried out such a large-scale military household registration in the war consular area. There were too many things to sort out and were unable to launch an offensive against Huai Shang this winter.
After the Chihu people firmly occupied Guanshan, Hehuai, Hedong and other places, they will most likely take the lead in attacking the Dangxiang people in the next step.
This can probably give Chu Shan at least two years of breathing time.
Whether Chu Shan can withstand a more violent impact in the future depends on whether he can make full use of the rest of the past two years to further consolidate the foundation. At least it cannot be asked to let the internal division of Dayue hold back.
At least when the court no longer plucked up additional money and food, Chushan still maintained the regular army arrangement of 100,000 troops.
This is not enough to rely solely on Qianbanpu to establish Nancai County.
If overseas Chinese establish Nancai County, a large amount of money and grain are needed to be invested in construction and reclamation in the early stage. Don’t expect to have the opportunity to recover the cost within two or three years.
What Xu Huai valued more was to reclaim silt in Nancai on a large scale to attract and resettle refugees, expand the scale of young and strong men under Chushan, and at the same time, he could steadily transport 200,000 to 400,000 or 400,000 stones of fine grain to Chushan every year.
During the Tianxuan period, the brown rice per stone in Jinghu fluctuated only between one or two jin. However, after the fall of Bianliang, hundreds of refugees went south. The situation in Jianghuai and Jinghu was extremely unstable, causing the rice prices in Xiangyang, Nanyang, Ezhou, Shouchun, Luzhou, Yangzhou, Jianye and other places to soar to eight or nine jin per stone.
Nanyang Prefecture opened its doors and allowed Lifengtang's caravan to bypass the municipal merchants controlled by the gentry and nobles (because the land is highly concentrated, the landlords who are large and small, and are also the most important grain merchants in various places), and directly purchase grain from the villagers. Each stone of brown rice is transported to warehouses in Wuyang and other places, and the cost is still 45 cents.
At present, the food paid directly to Chushan by the imperial court was only enough for 30,000 war soldiers to eat; the food tax directly collected by the local government could only cover 40,000 guards.
However, Chushan maintained such a large scale of labor. In addition to combat soldiers and guards, the scale of craftsmen, craftsmen and laborers remained at around 40,000 to 60,000 yuan all year round.
If the grain consumed directly from Nanyang and other places is purchased from these people, the cost will be as high as 2 million chunks.
This price is already quite conscientious at this time.
The most critical reason why the military capital of Huaidong Daying and Huaixi Daying is so high is that the food directly allocated by the court can only cover the needs of the generals and soldiers of the camp and the generals and officials. However, the larger-scale family members and small troops stationed in the camps did not have corresponding arable land distribution, and the food and other daily necessities needed can only be purchased through market prices.
In addition to military rations, the court distributed the money to the generals and soldiers to cover their family's livelihoods. How could it be low?
Fortunately, Chushan started to solve the problem of small farmland in the Zu family very early.
Even if the Tongbai Mountains are narrow and the people are secret, the grain fields that can be allocated to the small family are extremely limited, but they can still solve the basic livelihood needs.
In addition, within the jurisdiction of Chushan, Lifengtang fully grasps the purchase and sale of grain, ensuring that most of the limited surplus grain in Chushan can enter the storehouses of the business, and will not be hoarded on a large scale by gentry and noble people, nor will it be transported to other places for profit by other grain merchants.
Even so, Chushan's grain use is extremely nervous. This year, he had to purchase tens of thousands of stones of fine grain from Nanyang and other places at a high price to store it and put it in the warehouse to prevent it from getting into trouble.
If Nan Cai could be initially developed in two years and provide Chushan with an additional 200,000 to 300,000 yuan in refined grain every year to fill the food gap caused by expansion of military equipment, Chushan would be able to basically ensure the balance of internal supply and demand - the consumption of military capital would naturally not be as terrifying as the Huaidong Daying and Huaixi Daying.
Of course, Chu Shan did this only to basically ensure the balance of internal supply and demand, but to resist the more compulsive military pressure after successfully implementing the world military system in western Jing, Heluo is far from enough.
Chushan needs to produce more primary products to be transported to Jinghu, Jianghuai and other places in exchange for more sufficient and richer resources.
It is not only necessary to ensure that the Chushan military preparations have room for further expansion, but also to ensure that the production system within Chushan continues to progress and develop.
The new iron smelting and porcelain firing base is selected at the southeast foot of Funiu Mountain and near the Nanyang Basin. It is necessary to use the water transport channel of Dongzhao River-Tangbai River-Hanshui River to directly transport the produced porcelain and fine iron to Jinghu, Jianghuai and other places.
Considering that Chu Shan may only have two years of breathing, this work has to be made to advance now.
Xu Huai came to Ruzhou to inspect the defense and specially brought Shen Lian by his side, and planned to arrange for Shen Lian to go to Longtanling to take charge of the matter.
Shi Zhen had planned to form an iron smelting scale with an annual output of one million kilograms of fine iron in Longtan Ridge. Xu Huai thought that the first step was to directly increase it to a scale of five million kilograms.
The smelting method improved by Shen Lian by Chushan was officially named "Shen Lian Flame Technique", and the various techniques have become relatively mature.
The fine iron stir-frying method has been in use for thousands of years, but due to the limitations of the furnace structure, size and fuel, it is difficult to refine fine iron on a large scale, and the iron quality is also uneven. If you want to create a good knife, you still need to repeatedly forge and remove miscellaneous materials.
Even the iron quality of refined iron refined by the furnace method can only be said to have been further improved, but in order to create excellent knives and weapons, the Ordnance Supervision also needs to perform subsequent processing of the iron material.
The breakthrough of the furnace method is also of great significance: on the one hand, it is to realize the continuous smelting of iron ore to refined iron, on the other hand, it is put into use to cook coal, making high-quality fuels easier to obtain and cheaper, and on the other hand, it is to put into use in large furnaces, which greatly increases the iron ore smelting in one-time furnaces.
These three factors combined make the fine iron produced in Chushan in batches half cheaper than the coarse iron and pig iron produced in Jianghuai and other places.
However, in the past two years, Shen Lian has further created the inverted flame method based on the continuous furnace method, which is even more rare.
In terms of furnace structure, the new method seems to have no essential difference from the furnace method. It seems to only make the furnace body structure simpler, but in fact it is a pioneering innovation.
It is even more rare that Chen Lian has studied and pondered the relationship between flame flow, wind power and materials in the past two years, laying a certain theoretical foundation for the smelting of the metal.
Speaking of the smelting method itself, the side furnace of the furnace method mainly uses the heat conduction of the furnace body to delay the cooling rate of the molten iron. Compared with the traditional stir-frying method, the furnace method has more sufficiently stirred the molten iron, and the scale of the molten iron that can be stirred at one time has also increased significantly, which naturally laid an incomparable advantage.
The biggest structural difference between the inverted flame method and the furnace method is that the blower vent and the flue are placed on both sides, and the air flows in the furnace is used to suck the flame stream into the side furnace to melt iron ore or pig iron material.
This not only realizes combustion and smelting of fuel and material separation chambers, but also steadily increases the flame flow of the side furnace to an ultra-high melting temperature that was difficult to reach in the past.
On the one hand, it is easier to obtain high-quality fine iron or even soft iron, reducing the inclusion of impurities of cooked coal. What is more important is to directly melt the coarse iron material by inverting flame method to prepare fine iron components, which is more convenient to operate.
Traditional iron making tools, such as agricultural tools and knives, are used to re-open the furnace, melt the pig iron or fine iron into the mold, and then repeatedly forge and remove miscellaneous materials.
Although most traditional iron tools are prepared by opening the furnace and re-melting the process, traditional agricultural tools and knives are relatively small, and small furnaces can meet the needs when placed indoors. Therefore, ordinary blacksmiths’ demand for fine iron is far less urgent than expected.
The real advantage of the furnace method and the inverted flame method is to directly cast semi-finished or finished ironware on a large scale and batch basis.
For example, the fine iron bars obtained from casting, and subsequently heated and processed to create fine tools on the basis of the fine iron bars, is much simpler than the traditional knife making method.
For example, if you directly use fine iron to cast arrow clusters, the sharpness and armor-breaking ability of the arrow cluster must be a big part beyond the pig iron arrow clusters.
For example, it is much easier to directly cast iron armor embryos with fine iron, and then finely forge them into armor leaves, especially using cold forging to make wart armor leaves, which is much simpler than the old method.
The larger the demand for batch preparation of semi-finished products and finished products of various iron products, the higher the quality, the more obvious the advantages of the inverted flame method over the furnace method.
However, the traditional stir-frying method has no way to prepare medium and large-scale fine iron components.
The inverted flame method is used to produce angle iron and iron coins. After more than a year of exploration, it has become relatively mature.
"... The inverted flame method separates the materials and fuel, but the flame flow temperature can be higher. It is used to refine porcelain, which has more advantages." Xu Huai talked to Shi Zhen about some ideas and decisions about returning to Huai a few days in advance, and said, "The inverted flame method was created by Shenlian, so it is naturally the most suitable way to send him to the head of Longtan Ridge. He would just arrest the construction of the porcelain kiln..."
"Is that true?" Shi Zhen asked uncertainly.
He had long speculated that the inverted flame method might be suitable for porcelain making, but the inverted flame method is the core secret of iron smelting in Chushan, and it would definitely not be easily taken to the kiln vendors in Jishan to try it out. However, Xu Huai was even more confident and did not do any preliminary exploration, so he decided to build a inverted flame furnace in Longtanling and try to burn porcelain directly.
There is no doubt about the cleverness of the inverted flame method. Of course, it can be used for the firing of porcelain. As for the changes in flame flow, the porcelain firing process needs to be changed accordingly, it is also a matter of building an inverted flame furnace and then exploring it.
The respite that Chihu people left for Chu Shan was too short, so Xu Huai must have saved some steps and jumped to push some things...
Chapter completed!