Since 1661, Shizong Gao Yigong's army defeated the half-hearted resistance of the Qing army, entered Beijing for the first time since 1644, and established resistance to the nomadic people on the front line of the Great Wall. Subsequently, a war with the Qing Dynasty began a quarter-century. The Shun Dynasty army, which received advanced Western firearm technology and abundant manpower and material support from the pass, finally recovered the vast land centered on the Liaohe River Basin and established the Liaoning Province based on this. As for the countless fishing and hunting people living in large areas north of the Liaohe River, the Shun Dynasty did not adopt the direct rule method of provinces, but established a semi-militarized and semi-civilian organization of the Manchu Protector to manage this vast area. North Korea continued to maintain its identity as a vassal state.

After defeating the Qing Dynasty, a new enemy emerged on the Mongolian Plateau. The Junggar people filled the power vacuum formed on the grassland after the Qing Dynasty's demise, completed the Khalkha Mongol and Weila Mongol alliance, and tried to forcibly annex the Inner Mongolia region that was already under the control of Shunchao. Shun immediately sent troops to prevent new threats on the grassland. Therefore, during the period of Xuanzong, Zhezong and Wuzong, China was involved in a 70-year war with the rising Junggar tribe on the Mongolian grassland. It was not until the mid-18th century that Shun defeated Junggar's attempt and promoted his own power to today's Xinjiang and Outer Mongolia region, and on this basis, the Anxi and North were established.

The four Protectorates, Ting, Shuofang and Zhangbei, achieved a long peace for the sake of this large area of ​​land. This peace lasted until the mid-19th century - after the Crimean War. Tsarist Russia, which was frustrated in the Crimean War, began to turn eastward, invested a lot of financial and material resources to infiltrate and expand Central Asia, Mongolia, Manchuria and other regions, and attempted to establish an "unfreezing port" in the east. This action had a new conflict with Shun, which broke the peace situation. In order to break the threat from the north, no large number of bankrupt farmers in the country obtained new arable land. In the second half of the 19th century, a "burst of northward advancement" emerged within Shun.

Compared with the north, Shun had much fewer military operations against the south. The biggest military operation was the "Xuancheng Battle" against Myanmar in 1742. In 1740, the king of Burma launched a long-term conquest war against Siam (now Thailand), which consumed a lot of people's strength and aroused resistance from all ethnic groups in the country. Emperor Shun Hengzong took the opportunity to send General Gao Chenggong to lead a large army to invade, occupying the capital of the Touyu Dynasty of Myanmar at that time (just in the suburbs of Mandalay), and supported a puppet as the King of Burma, and set up the Annan Protectorate in Mandalay, claiming to transfer the entire territory of Myanmar into the territory of Dashun. However, as the war continued,

The situation gradually became unfavorable to Dashun. Faced with the harsh climate and the ever-increasing army of Meng clans, the Shun army lost consecutive battles. By 1752, even the old capital of the Tohyu Dynasty occupied by Awa was surrounded by the rebels. Gao Chenggong finally had to negotiate with the Burmese army with the Meng clans as the core. After negotiations, Myanmar finally recognized Dashun's status as the leader of his sect and nominally belonged to the Annan Protectorate. The Shun army withdrew from Myanmar and recognized the Gongbang dynasty established by the rebel army as the official of Myanmar. This time, Dashun launched a army of 100,000 troops. After the epidemic and years of war, only more than 10,000 people were allowed to enter the border, and only the remains were in Myanmar.

The sick and more than 40,000 people died on the way to the border of Du Awa to Shun, and the loss of countless military weapons was eased. Emperor Hengzong was very angry about this, but he died in the year. Therefore, Dashun's history called it "the shame of Xuancheng" (the reign of Emperor Hengzong was Xuancheng). However, as time continued, a large number of Chinese people entered Myanmar as merchants and made a lot of profits from it. Shun also gave up the policy of territorial expansion, and the relationship between the two countries eased. In 1874, Shun, as the sect leader, gave Myanmar considerable military and diplomatic support, not only defeated the British invading army, but also forced Britain to give up the second in 1852.

The Lower Myanmar region obtained in the Second China-Myanmar War only retained the Yangon port, while the situation in Vietnam was much worse. Taking advantage of Shun's weakness in the 1860s, the French gained freedom of movement in southern Indochina, forcing Vietnam to ced three provinces and forcing Cambodia to accept French protection. Indochina and Southeast Asia have historically been the traditional interest zone of southern merchants in Shunguo. The colonial expansion of these two regions by Western countries represented by Britain and France harmed the traditional interests of the southern merchants in Shunguo, which also became an important inducement to the "southward policy" in Shunguo at the end of the 19th century.

The two policies of "going south" and advancing north seem to be different choices for the two expansion directions of the Shun Dynasty, but in fact, there are far-reaching social and economic reasons behind these two contradictory policies. Since the unification of the country by Shun, there have been nearly 150 years of continuous peace. The domestic commodity economy has achieved considerable development and a very wealthy business class has emerged. These businessmen who have accumulated a lot of capital, especially the southern merchants represented by merchants from Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan and other places, gave them to the empire in quelling civil strife in the 1860s and the subsequent "Western Affairs Movement".

The imperial government's huge economic support also received generous returns and gradually became the first bourgeoisie of the empire. However, with the deepening of the "Western Affairs Movement", these well-capitalized merchants gradually felt that the market within the empire was too narrow, and the general class was unable to buy products produced by factories due to heavy taxes and meager income. The traditional Southeast Asian market was embezzled by Western countries, a large number of factories went bankrupt, and tens of thousands of poor workers were rushed to the streets and became beggars. This triggered the first economic crisis of the empire from 1881 to 1884. And hoped to go south to annex

Indochina and Southeast Asia, which have a mild climate, dense population and a large number of mining resources, use it as a new raw material production area and commodity market to obtain rich profits. The farmers and small and medium-sized landlords hope to occupy large tracts of land in Manchuria, Mongolia and Central Asia through the situation of the country's distribution of land, become self-sufficient self-cultivated farmers, and Shanxi, which made its fortune by supplying a huge northern border defense army. The merchants of Youzhou also supported this plan. The Central of Shun also hoped to colonize a large number of bankrupt farmers in the north to the new northern border to eliminate domestic instability factors.
Chapter completed!