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Chapter 24 Sociology

Although in the past two years, the construction of hard or semi-hard official roads using gravel, sand and stone has replaced the old rammed earth official roads up and down the Ming Dynasty, these roads are still not very flat, and it still seems a bit bumpy when riding on a carriage.

Wang Fuzhi, who was sitting in the carriage, looked a little absent-minded when he looked at the scenery galloping outside the window. He accepted the emperor's special summons to the court two years ago. Before that, he had been teaching in the academy. In fact, according to his original intention, he was more willing to return to his hometown to establish a college and spread practical learning in his hometown, but in the end, he still accepted the emperor's special order.

Today he had to give up the affairs of the Ministry of Rites and travel with His Majesty. As the Minister of Rites, he is now in charge of political studies, but today His Majesty asked him to visit the society and study together in the countryside.

Wang Fuzhi is not unfamiliar with social science. Social science is just a place that teaches people to read, write, calculate, law and etiquette. Strictly speaking, it is not a school, at most a place where the people can read. But even so, since Your Majesty ascended the throne, social science has been promoted across the country to restore the situation where everyone in the world could illiterate before Jiashen. Even in part, the reason for moving the capital was to raise funds for the establishment of social sciences - grain was used as the Lumi, a scholar of the society. Perhaps it was to know the progress of social sciences being established now. Otherwise, an ordinary social school would not let His Majesty go there in person.

However, in Wang Fuzhi's heart, he always wanted to suggest to the emperor that the imperial examination would be reopened. Now it has been the second year of Xingqian, but the Ming Dynasty has not yet opened the imperial examination. Could it be that Your Majesty really doesn't want to hold the imperial examination again? The imperial examination is the way for scholars all over the world to advance. Thinking of this, the expression on his face immediately became much more serious. At this moment, the carriage stopped. Soon a guard got out of the car and opened the car door and said.

"Mr. Wang, we are here."

After getting off the bus, Wang Fuzhi was presented to him a not-so-conspicuous courtyard. The plaque on the gate read "Zhangzhuang Society" was just an ordinary country society. There was one such society in every village in the Ming Dynasty. After His Majesty ascended the throne last year, he ordered all prefectures, prefectures, and counties to establish social schools and visit famous teachers. Those who are under the fifteenth year of childhood in the country were sent to study, and those who do not give it to their fathers and brothers.

From then on, social sciences became popular in the Ming Dynasty. The prosperity of social sciences also allowed many scholars of the Ming Dynasty to find a livelihood. Of course, this livelihood is only temporary. In the future, many of them will still take the scientific examination, of course, the premise is that the imperial court reopens the scientific examination.

But when will Your Majesty agree to reopen the scientific examination?

According to the principle, the first thing that happened after the founding of the new dynasty was to immediately procure the charity and give kindness to the world, so that the hearts of the scholars in the world can be stabilized. However, Your Majesty did the opposite and has not procure the charity until now.

At this moment, Wang Fuzhi saw His Majesty and saw Wang Fuzhi coming over Zhu Mingzhong smiled.

"Wang Qing, although the road has been basically renovated in the past two years, it cannot be compared with the asphalt in the capital. Even if there are four-wheeled carriages, they are still a little bumpy. There is enough asphalt in the future. At that time, they will still have to repair hard roads. Wang Qing has worked hard along the way."

Although it seems that the road is not good on the surface, Zhu Mingzhong's expression actually seemed a little proud. After all, the official roads in China have never been as flat as they are now. The reason why they are unwilling to abolish corvee is because the renovation of official roads requires a lot of labor every year. Once the corvee service is abolished, the rectification of official roads of more than 100,000 kilometers across the country will be a considerable expense every year. However, in the future, corvee service will definitely be abolished, but by that time, these official roads must also become "highways". Toll roads in the 17th century maintain the renovation of official roads through tolls.

"I am afraid! Your Majesty has been working hard to come here every day, so why should I work hard?"

Wang Fuzhi hurriedly replied.

There are often only one or two teachers in the countryside. Because it is the class time, when they entered, there was no one in the countryside school with only a few houses. Wang Fuzhi followed His Majesty and asked quietly.

"How did your Majesty know about this place?"

"Because it is the poorest here!"

Your Majesty's answer made Wang Fuzhi slightly stunned. For a moment, he didn't know how to answer.

The poorest here!

Looking at these gray brick houses and listening to the sound of reading coming from it, Zhu Mingzhong said with a smile.

"A while ago, I heard that in order to let students study, the societies here not only took out their own Lumi to buy pens and paper for the children in the village, but also took out their houses as societies. So I came here to take a look, which could be considered a private visit!"

In the 17th century, it was possible for the emperor to go on a tour in a concealed manner. After all, at this time, few people knew the emperor's appearance. Just like now, Zhu Mingzhong's dress looks more like a gentry, and there is no difference between Wang Fuzhi and ordinary scholars.

"The children are still in class now. Then we won't disturb them from class. As for the farmers, you are the academic and political education of the Ming Dynasty. Let's talk about it, when will this social education become popular?"

Zhu Mingzhong looked at the surrounding environment and asked while walking.

The Ming Dynasty originally did not have the position of academic affairs, only the censor was promoted to the censor. The Ming system was the censor to supervise the two capital schools, with one post each, and one person was added to Nanjing at the end of the Wanli period. His position was to supervise the two capitals and the prefectures and prefectures of Zhili Prefectures. Zhu Mingzhong changed it to the admiration of academic affairs, and was also appointed by the Minister of Rites. In his plan, the responsibilities of the Ministry of Rites will be shifted to education in the future.

"The prince Hui, the invasion of the Yuan Dynasty for decades, which caused the Chinese scholarship to decline and morality to decline. Therefore, Emperor Gao issued an edict in the second year of Hongwu. Emperor Gao once told the whole country that "governance is based on education and transformation, and filial piety is based on schools. Although there is an Imperial College in the capital, schools in the world have not yet flourished. It is advisable to order all counties to establish schools, Yan Shi Confucian, teach students and disciples, talk about the holy way, and make people gradually change, to restore the old days of the previous kings." Later, in the eighth year of Hongwu, the Secretariat, "In the past, when the Chengzhou period, the family was familiar and the party was itchy, so all the people were accustomed to learning. Therefore, filial piety was practiced and the customs were beautiful. Now there are studies in the capital and counties, but the people in the towns and communities have not seen filial piety. It is appropriate to have a department to establish a society school, and Yan Shi Confucians teach the children of the people to guide the people to be good at customs."..."

Wang Fuzhi thought about it and replied, and he chose the most correct answer - the original intention of Emperor Gao to organize social studies, and of course he did not forget to mention His Majesty.

"The reason why Your Majesty promoted the social studies was also because the Qing army invaded, which led to the rise of Chinese scholars and morality decline. In order to educate the world and sweep away the spirit of the Tartars, the society was only promoted."

This is of course also an answer from the official method, and it is also an inevitable situation. After all, whether it is the Gao Emperor or His Majesty, they all face almost the same environment, so they chose to educate the people without exception.

However, compared with Emperor Gao, Your Majesty was more radical and valued the popularity of social sciences. According to Your Majesty's requirements, the Ming Dynasty must achieve a village and a community, and must achieve "all households in the town and all people in the family". Only by doing this can the Ming Dynasty revival and wipe out all the Hu Fengshe in the world. In order to achieve this requirement of the court, local governments mainly promote social sciences by encouraging, inducing and forcing the public's children to enroll.

It is also due to this almost mandatory requirement that in just three years, the Ming Dynasty achieved that most villages in the country had social schools, but it was still a certain distance from "all households and all families were learning". However, in Wang Fuzhi's view, this goal will be achieved in at most three years - while the grain was changed to the social teachers' wealth and rice, the court and the government also increased their investment in social schools. According to the court's plan, 500,000 taels will be invested this year and next year to build 15,000 social schools across the country. Each social school will have classrooms with 6 main rooms as the main body and six side rooms as the residences and offices and libraries for social teachers. Now the Ming Dynasty's attention to social schools is far more than that of previous dynasties, and even more than the past attention to the imperial examinations and scholars.

"Well, the reason why I, the Ming Dynasty, could wipe out the Tartars' aura all depends on social sciences. But you said, why did my Ming Dynasty's social sciences lose their time and be prosperous, and it is difficult to maintain consistency?"

Through the window crack, Zhu Mingzhong could see that the students in sociology are of different ages. Not only that, their learning levels are different, which is also a characteristic of sociology, because there is often only one sociology teacher in sociology.

"Return to the young master, from the following point of view, there are three reasons for this. First, it is difficult to ensure the school funding. The court and the government did not have special funds to establish and maintain social schools. Many social schools simply used abandoned temples and official offices for the sake of misfortune. For example, Zhang Bi, the prefect of Nan'an during the Chenghua period, "destroyed the lewd temple, and built hundreds of dozens of districts to build social schools." As for these two, although the court issued several edicts, it did not establish a corresponding complete assessment and inspection system for the implementation of social schools. Local officials lacked specific inspection methods for establishing social schools. Whether social schools were abolished or not depends entirely on the officials' understanding of social schools. Furthermore, the rise and fall of social schools did not have a great impact on the political future of officials, so many local officials regarded this matter as a matter of the last and did not seriously supervise them."

Wang Fuzhi's answer made Zhu Mingzhong nod his head in agreement, but he knew that this was not the most critical point. Listening to the students in the classroom reading, Zhu Mingzhong signaled him to continue.

"As for the third most important thing is that our Daming Society studies focus on moral education and education, and establish teachers. "It is not for teaching and profession, but for children's practice..."

Suddenly, Wang Fuzhi seemed to know the answer, and his words suddenly stopped. He seemed to have understood why His Majesty brought him to the society. It was not just a "sudden idea", but wanted to study in the society, and here I wanted to tell him what is the most important thing in the world now.

What is the most important thing for the Ming Dynasty?

Is it Kaienke, who is the best in the world?
Chapter completed!
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