The Qin Dynasty (221 BC - 207 BC) was an extremely important dynasty in Chinese history. It was the first unified empire in Chinese history that developed from the Qin State in the late Warring States Period.
Qin was originally a vassal state in the Zhou Dynasty. Its ancestor Boyi assisted Dayu in flood control and was given the surname Ying by Emperor Shun. Boyi's descendant Feizi once raised horses for King Xiao of Zhou. With his ability, the horses
They reproduced very quickly. King Xiao of Zhou then brought Qingu (southwest of Tianshui City, Gansu Province) to
This is the origin of "Qin". In 770 BC, Qin Xianggong escorted King Ping of Zhou to move eastward to Luoyi for his meritorious service, and was named a prince. Qin began to found the country and occupied the territory of the Eastern Zhou royal family in Guanzhong.
From 230 BC to 221 BC, Qin Shihuang Yingzheng successively destroyed the six kingdoms of Guandong and completed the unification of the country. Later, he attacked the Xiongnu in the north and conquered Baiyue in the south. In politics, military, economy, transportation, culture and foreign development,
In various aspects, a series of new policies have been adopted
This policy greatly strengthened the unification of the country and had a great impact on later generations...
The Qin Dynasty ended the five hundred years of division and separatism among princes since the Spring and Autumn Period, and became the first unified centralized state in Chinese history with Han as the main body and multi-ethnic integration. It pioneered the emperor system, with the three ministers and nine ministers.
represented by the central government system, and
The system of prefectures and counties completely broke the system of Shiqing and Shilu since the Western Zhou Dynasty, strongly safeguarded the unity of the country, strengthened the central government's control over local areas, and laid the foundation for the rule of a unified Chinese dynasty. Therefore, there is a saying that "the political laws of Qin can still be found in a hundred generations."
The royal family of the Qin Dynasty had the surname Ying, so it was also called Ying Qin in the history books to distinguish it from other countries as the Qin regime. After the death of Qin Shihuang, the second emperor of Qin, Zhao Gao, tampered with Qin law, leading to large-scale civilian riots and uprisings. In 206 BC, Prince Qin's infant son
Surrendered to Liu Bang, the Qin Dynasty was destroyed. The Qin Dynasty reunified
When the Six Kingdoms were destroyed, the fate of the country only lasted 15 years.
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The battle of Qin to destroy the Six Kingdoms was not only the last war of annexation of princes at the end of the Warring States Period, but also the earliest war of feudal unification in Chinese history. At the end of the Warring States Period, the increasingly powerful Qin State among the Seven Heroes, under the leadership of King Qin Yingzheng, began from A.D.
From 230 BC to 221 BC, it took the Qin State 10 years to successively destroy Yan and Zhao in the north.
The six countries of Han and Wei in the Central Plains, Qi in the east and Chu in the south ended more than 500 years of wars and disputes between feudal princes since the Spring and Autumn Period, and established the first unified monarchy in Chinese history——
Qin Dynasty. The political reform of King Qin was known as the emperor, the famous Qin Shi Huang, and Chinese history turned a new page.
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In 230 BC, Qin Shihuang sent his troops to destroy Korea... He sent Neishi Teng and his army commander to march straight in, captured Han Wangan, and established Yingchuan County in the hometown of Korea (the county was governed in Yuxian County, Henan Province today). Korea declared its demise. Korea's demise was the result of the unification of Qin
A sign that war is in full swing.
After Qin destroyed Han, the second target was the State of Zhao. In 229 BC, major earthquakes and famines occurred in the State of Zhao one after another. Qin Shihuang once again ordered Wang Jian and Yang Duan to launch an all-out attack on the State of Zhao. Wang Jian implemented a counterintuitive strategy and spent a lot of money
Bribing King Zhao's favored minister Guo
He opened the door and slandered Li Mu and others, saying that they were planning to rebel, prompting King Zhao to kill Li Mu. In 228 BC, Wang Jian defeated the Zhao army, conquered Handan, captured Zhao Wangqian, and occupied the Zhao mainland. Then he sent his troops north and stationed in Zhongshan.
Approaching the State of Yan.
Zhao Wangqian fell into Qin's conspiracy and paved the way for Qin to destroy Zhao. Zhao Cong was no match for Wang Jian and was quickly defeated by the Qin army. Zhao Cong was killed and Yan Ju gathered up his remaining troops and returned to Handan to defend his troops. Traitor
Guo Kai was bribed by Qin and was willing to work for Qin
He served and persuaded the King of Zhao to surrender. Zhao Gongzi Jiaze firmly opposed it and advocated fighting to the end. He led his clan and guests to participate in the defense of the capital Handan. However, the King of Zhao lost his fighting spirit and allowed himself to be manipulated by the traitor Guo Kai. He actually ordered the city to open to Qin.
The army surrendered.
Defeated the State of Yan. The Qin army approached the State of Yan, causing panic in the Yan Dynasty. Prince Dan of the State of Yan took in the rebel general Fan Yuqi of the State of Qin, and met the assassin Jing Ke through the warrior Tian Guang of the State of Yan, and attempted to assassinate Qin Shihuang, but Jing Ke failed
Killing Qin Shihuang actually aroused Qin Shihuang's anger towards the Yan State. In 226 BC, the Qin army captured Jicheng, the capital of Yan, and Yan Wang Xi and Prince Dan fled to Liaodong.
After the Qin army captured Jicheng, the capital of Yan, they targeted the Wei state. In 225 BC, Qin Shihuang sent Wang Jian's son Wang Ben to lead an army of 100,000 to attack the Wei state. Wang Ben saw that the terrain of Daliang City was relatively low.
Down, and not far from the Yellow River and Honggou, the Qin army was ordered to open canals to divert the water from the Yellow River and Honggou to the foot of Daliang City. Three months later, the city walls collapsed and the Qin army invaded Daliang. King Wei pretended to surrender and was killed soon after.
Wei fell.
The Qin army destroyed Zhao, defeated Yan and merged with Wei, and then launched a large-scale attack on Chu. At that time, Chu was still a large country in southern China, owning what is now western and southeastern Henan, southern Shandong, Hubei, and Hunan provinces, as well as the east of Dongting Lake and Jiangxi.
All of Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang.
At this time, Chu State still had the strength needed to fight Qin. Qin Shihuang believed that the young and brave general Li Xin, who had chased Prince Dan of Yan at Yanshui with thousands of troops and won a victory, was the ideal general to lead his troops to attack Chu.
So he entrusted him with an important task and asked Li Xin how many troops and horses would be needed if he sent troops to attack Chu? Li Xin replied:
"It only requires 200,000 people." The First Emperor asked Wang Jian again, and Wang Jian said, "It has to be 600,000 people." The First Emperor did not agree with Wang Jian's opinion, but agreed with Li Xin's statement, and immediately said: "General Wang is old.
How cowardly! General Li is really brave, and his words are true." Wang Jian said that his words were of no use, so he retired from illness and returned to Pinyang.
The Qin army eliminated the resistance of the Chu border troops and divided into the north and south of the Ru River. Pingyu launched an attack and defeated the Chu army. Li Xin's army occupied Pingyu and Mengtian's army occupied the city of Qin. The Qin army did not encounter any significant resistance from the Chu army and occupied the two cities.
, crossed the Hong River and headed eastward.
The commander of the Chu army, Xiang Yan, changed the direction of the Qin army's advance and went deep alone. He immediately led the main force of the Chu army and advanced rapidly to pursue the Qin army at Tangxi and dealt a heavy blow to the Qin army. Li Xin was defeated and led his army to retreat towards the city father. Chu
The army took advantage of the victory and pursued fiercely, fighting non-stop for three days and nights. Qin
The fortresses built by the army for several days were all broken by the Chu army. Seven of the first-level generals were killed. Li Xin's army suffered heavy losses. Thanks to the cover of Meng Tian's army, Li Xin was able to break through and escape back to the Qin territory, avoiding being captured. This is the Qin Dynasty.
There was another major setback after the Yi'an War in the Unification War.
The Qin army suffered a major setback. Although Qin Shihuang felt that he had made a mistake in selecting the commander, he did not waver in his determination to destroy Chu and continued the war to destroy Chu. After Li Xin's defeat, the commander-in-chief of the Qin army had to re-appoint Wang Jian. Qin Shihuang moved
Zun asked for advice and went to Wang Jian's hometown Pinyang to invite Wang Jian to be the commander-in-chief of the Qin army. Wang Jian declined, saying that he was not in good health and could not obey his orders. Qin Shihuang insisted on the invitation.
He went out to fight and asked him what he wanted. At this time, Wang Jian said: "The king must use his ministers as a last resort, and it must be 600,000 people." Qin Shihuang agreed. Wang Jian then succeeded Li Xin as the commander-in-chief of the Qin army.
, led an army of 600,000 to fight against Chu. Qin Shihuang personally sent Wang Jian to the shore of Bashui on the outskirts of Beijing. Wang Jian asked the King of Qin to grant him more fields and houses. The King of Qin agreed to his request, and Wang Jian led his troops eastward.
A large-scale attack on Chu. In 225 BC, Qin Shihuang sent Li Xin to lead an army to attack Chu. Li Xin underestimated the enemy and advanced rashly, winning first and then losing. In 224 BC, Qin Shihuang personally invited the veteran general Wang Jian to lead an army of 600,000 to attack Chu. He defeated the Chu army.
In Qinan, killed the general of Chu
Xiang Yan occupied a large area of Chu State's territory. In 223 BC, Wang Jian and Meng Wu jointly attacked Shouchun, the capital of Chu, and captured King Chu Chu. The following year, Wang Jian led his army across the Yangtze River, pacified the Jiangnan area of Chu State, and surrendered.
The King of Baiyue. The Kingdom of Chu was declared destroyed.
Devoured the State of Qi. After the fall of the State of Chu, Qin Shihuang sent Wang Ben to lead his army deep into the northeast to wipe out the remaining forces of Yan and Zhao. In 222 BC, Wang Ben captured Liaodong and captured King Xi of Yan. Then he captured Dai City and captured Dai.
Wang Jia, Yan, and Zhao were completely destroyed. At this point, among the six eastern kingdoms
Only Qi was left. In 221 BC, Qin Shihuang ordered Wang Ben to lead the Qin army south from the border of Yan to attack Qi. Wang Ben used lightning speed to attack Qi without encountering any resistance.
The capital of Qi was Linzi. King Jian of Qi surrendered to Qin, and Qi was also included in Qin's territory.
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After a series of hard battles, the Great Qin Empire finally swept across the six kingdoms and unified the world...
There are several reasons why the Great Qin Empire was victorious...
First of all, after Shang Yang's reform, Qin's national power became unprecedentedly powerful. The reform was based on Qin's agriculture and military conscription. The so-called reform is also equivalent to real reform...
In the past, the punishment was not as good as that of the officials, and the courtesy was not as good as that of the common people!
This sentence comes from the "Book of Rites" written in the Spring and Autumn Period. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the interpretation of this sentence has been that "common people are not qualified to receive courtesy, but officials have privileges and are not punished"...
After Shang Yang's reform, even if the emperor broke the law, he would be guilty of the same crime as the common people!~
Although Shang Yang's reforms made Qin strong and prosperous, they offended the hereditary dignitaries during the reform process. When Qin Xiaogong was still alive, he once said to Shang Yang: "Believe in you as much as you believe in me!~"
This means that believing in Shang Yang is like believing in yourself... fully supporting the reform...
But in the end, although the reform was successful, after Qin Xiaogong died and the prince came to the throne, Shang Yang ended up with the death penalty of being broken into pieces.
Some people say that it was because the prince had killed innocent people indiscriminately, and Shang Yang knew that the prince would inherit the throne in the future. However, after the reform, he said that the emperor broke the law and the common people were equally guilty! ~ Shang Yang could not really punish the prince, so he had the prince and his wife mutilated.
A pious nose.
Shang Yang said: "The prince was young and he made such a huge mistake all because of his master's poor discipline..."
In the end, Gongzi Qian's nose could not be saved... After the prince succeeded to the throne, Gongzi Qian spoke to the emperor (the original prince). In the end, Shang Yang died...