The backlash that occurred in the northwest during the Tongzhi period in the 19th century is a very taboo topic. It was actually a large-scale massacre and war with the goal of genocide. The goal was to establish a purely Islamic state in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region of China.
, at 186
In the ten years from 2002 to 1873, conservative statistics show that about 20 million Han people died from plague and starvation caused by massacres and disasters. In some cases, hundreds of thousands were killed in one county. This can be found in the county annals of each county in Gansu.
Know the number of Han people massacred at that time.
This problem did not break out suddenly. The dispute between Han and Hui has a long history in the northwest. The two sides often had village fights in the Qing Dynasty, and many Hui people were also Han people, so this problem was even more complicated. Many leaders of the Hui army at that time had
In terms of blood, he is an authentic Han Chinese, but he
Their goal was not only to build such an independent country, but also to invade Shaanxi and massacre all the Han people. The goal of sending troops to Shaanxi several times was to destroy the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum. The Qing army and the Han Nationality Tuanlian resisted to the death, and the two sides fought extremely fiercely.
, even the Nian troops who fled into the northwest had to stand up to resist.
How much hatred is there to be so cruel?
Is it ignorance? Or is religion really more important than human life, more important than 20 million lives? What kind of religion needs to promote doctrines in such a way?
In fact, it doesn’t matter whether these are Han Chinese, Mongolians, Tibetans, or Uyghurs... 20 million "people" itself is the most terrifying and profound blood disaster in human history.
The problem should be divided into two. There is something wrong on both sides. But why bother?
Why was Zuo Zongtang so ruthless in the end, killing almost everyone all the way to the border of Xinjiang? To a large extent, he was really going too far.
Perhaps for a person like Zuo Zongtang who is well versed in classics and history, he cannot help but ask the sky, are we Han people just going to survive the massacre and survive to this day?
What did we do wrong?
Why is this so?
Obviously, what is more terrible than the national problem is not poverty. It is ignorance. The question is how many books can a person who has read be considered not ignorant?
Did bin Laden read few books?
So what problem is more evil than ignorance?
…
In short, the internal conflicts in the northwest are definitely not something that ordinary political parties can deal with. At this point, the whole world has to admire how powerful the locals are.
Song Biao knew very well that no political party within the Imperial Congress could handle this problem, and no matter which political party came to power, it would not be able to solve it. Sooner or later, something big would happen.
Therefore, we must act ruthlessly now, not only ruthlessly, but also ruthlessly.
War cannot solve all problems. After all, this is not the era of the Han Dynasty. A sudden attack will cause big problems in the end, so the attack must be sinister and ruthless. If he really just came to fight, why did Song Biao bring so many troops here.
They really just wanted to carry out a war of annihilation militarily. Why did Song Biao have to wait until today?
His goal is simple: to use force that cannot be stopped to force one of the three horses to surrender completely, and to "assist" the other two to kill the other two, turning the problem into a more just one between the central government and the rebellion.
, and then strangle the radicals and support the moderates on religious issues.
What's more sinister is yet to come. According to Song Biao's plan, he will transfer people from the northwest to immigrate to the four northern provinces, further complicating the issue of Han and Mongolia, making Lamaism and Islam more chaotic in Outer Mongolia, and gradually reaching the point where
The ratio between Han and Mongolia is 13 each. The Han people are in a mediating and buffering position in the middle. Whoever makes trouble will support the other side and suppress this side.
If you don’t have diamonds, don’t buy porcelain goods, and don’t have tg’s kind of mind and skill, don’t think that you can heal everything, it’s impossible.
In the late Qing Dynasty, the Majia Army in the northwest had gradually split into three major factions, and later turned into four factions, the so-called Four Horses. Regardless of whether they were three horses or four horses, Qingma was the most ruthless and cruel.
Ma Jiajun has also made contributions to the nation, fought bravely against the Eight-Power Allied Forces, and fought bravely against the enemy during the Anti-Japanese War. Whether it was anti-Japanese or suppressing communism, the results were brilliant, but so what?
The previous dynasty gave them the opportunity to occupy the land and become the king. The so-called governors of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia could only control Shaanxi and only restrained Gansu and Ningxia. Now that the empire does not allow them to occupy the land and become the king, they will rebel.
Song Biao gave them the opportunity to gather a crowd to rebel. The more people they could gather, the better.
After Ma Tingfu returned, people from all walks of life of the Ma family in the northwest successively sent people to express their allegiance in an attempt to recruit peace. Song Biao waited unmoved and silently, and finally reached an agreement with Ma Fuxiang of the Ning Army to grant them amnesty on the condition that the Ning Army
We must take the lead in clearing out the other two Ma's houses.
After the suppression of the Qing Dynasty, some of the remaining parts of the Ning Army were reorganized into the Ningxia Patrol Army. The clan moved to Beijing and arranged for one person to serve as a cabinet minister and deputy minister, one person to serve as the Ningxia Patrol Chief, and one person to serve as a member of Congress. The family property would not be investigated, and all old crimes would be pardoned.
The reason why Song Biao chose Ningma was that firstly, Ningma was less guilty and had the least contact with Britain and Russia. Secondly, although Ningma's combat effectiveness was not as good as Qingma, it was better than Ganma and was not the worst.
After the Central Military Headquarters adjusts its equipment and assigns a cavalry brigade to coordinate operations, it will not be unable to defeat Qingma.
In terms of military command, the Central Military Headquarters arranges a staff office to be responsible for command and dispatch, and intelligence work is jointly handled by both parties.
By May 1916, after a brief reorganization in Ningma, the State Procuratorate appointed local prosecutors to prosecute. If local courts did not have courts, they were transferred to the Central Supreme Court for direct trial. The charges were treason, conspiracy, armed secret crimes, and massacre.
Ma Anliang, Ma Qi, Ma Lin and other 27 people were tried in absentia on more than 20 major crimes, including the crime of embezzling state property, privately opening gold mines, and illegally hiding gold.
After the Central Supreme Court's summons expired, Ningma formally fought against Ganma with the cooperation of two cavalry brigades. The 4th Cavalry Division advanced slowly from the front and gradually recovered Gansu from behind Ningma. Ma Anliang was quickly defeated and captured.
Qingma and Ningma fought fiercely in Ledong County, and actually defeated the newly equipped Ningma. The Ningma army was defeated and the entire Ningma army was defeated. In the end, only the 4th Cavalry Division came forward to defeat Qingma.
…
On this night at the end of May, the weather in Guanzhong was still as cool as rain.
Because his wife and children came to accompany him, Song Biao was still in a good mood these days. Ningma's defeat was a black comedy-like joke to him.
My daughter is six years old. She is learning English under Shu Xuan's guidance, reading fairy tales and reciting Tang poetry. She also hired a German teacher to teach German. The course is very easy. Just learn as much as you can.
Song Biao never had too many requirements for this.
Occasionally when he is bored, he will teach his daughter a few words of Russian.
Some time ago, because the General Administration of Internal Affairs initiated the process of establishing a concubine, Shu Xuan, as the queen, was generally a little unhappy. In fact, this kind of thing... If Song Biao directly purchased a three palaces and six courtyards after he ascended the throne, then forget it.
, it has become quiet in the past few years. Shu Xuan is always a little disappointed.
Song Biao didn't say anything.
Concubines also depend on fate. He currently has no clear partner and has basically never thought about it. However, his ideal is still quite like his father-in-law's, with three wives and a dozen children.
This is pretty good.
I'm afraid this is not a good example for the people. Then they can have at least five or six children, right?
He and Shu Xuan had worked very hard in the past two years, but the results were not good, and they were just farming without any results. He was anxious, Shu Xuan was even more anxious, and there was no way to do it, so having another concubine became inevitable.
Anyway, it's not something that can be controlled. Shu Xuan doesn't care too much at this time. In short, it will happen sooner or later.
She took her daughter and son to read and read beside her, while Song Biao was walking in the corridor outside the yard, smoking a cigarette and thinking about something.
Zhang Futian hurriedly walked in at this time and reported to Song Biao who was smoking a hookah under the corridor window: "Your Majesty, Ma Fuxiang and his nephew Ma Hongqing are here."
This trip has been planned beforehand, it just depends on when uncle and nephew Ma Fuxiang can arrive.
Song Biao nodded and said, "Let them go to the flower hall first. I'll go back later."
Zhang Futian nodded in agreement, and then went to invite Ma Fuxiang's uncle and nephew into the flower hall. Song Biao quietly finished the bag of hookah in the corridor and thought about the current situation and situation.
Now maybe he is older, or he is more skilled in playing, this is really the age, or he is more worried about getting lung cancer. Song Biao only smokes hookah now, but not the Arabic kind. It is a Qing Dynasty hookah, but it is not pure either.
In fact, it is just normal cigarettes that have been filtered to remove the tar during the burning process of tobacco.
After waiting for a while, Song Biao went to the flower hall to meet the uncle and nephew.
When he entered the flower hall, the uncle and nephew hurriedly bowed and saluted.
Song Biao walked over and sat on the dragon chair without much expression, and asked Zhang Futian to let the two of them sit. He picked a few Xinjiang paper-skinned walnuts from the plate, squeezed them with his hands, and slowly peeled them apart. Chew slowly.
After waiting like this for a while, when Ma Fuxiang's uncle and nephew sat down uneasily, Song Biao said to them: "Have you discussed who will be the deputy minister of the Ministry of Religion?"
Ma Fuxiang replied: "Reporting to the emperor, I am too old to be in charge of the army. The family is considering letting me serve in the capital. Hongqing is still young. Staying in the patrol army to manage practical matters will also be a training for him."
Song Biao nodded calmly, raised his eyes slightly and looked at Ma Hongqing. In fact, he was already twenty-seven or eighty years old, so he could not be called young.
He turned back to look at Ma Fuxiang and said: "Let him go to the Far East to be a military officer first. After graduation, I will arrange for him to go to England or France to study at the Saint-Cyr Military School. There is a general process. At least he has a diploma. We can't put it aside. If you look like you are an official relying on the kindness of your fathers, you must have an origin and explanation, do you think this is the truth?"
Ma Fuxiang immediately replied: "The emperor is absolutely right."
Song Biao looked at Ma Hongqing again and asked, "What do you think?"
Ma Hongqing also hurriedly replied: "Your Majesty is wise, and I will obey your Majesty's orders. I will cut you into pieces with a thousand swords without hesitation."
Song Biao raised his hand to indicate that he didn't need to be so cruel, and said: "You don't have to say it like that. As an emperor, I have to feel sorry for my ministers. If nothing happens, I will send you to death with a thousand cuts. Isn't that King Zhou?"
Ma Fuxiang was greatly frightened and hurriedly apologized.
Song Biao said: "Don't be so nervous. I was just telling a joke. Times have changed. As an emperor, I have to pursue a people-friendly style. I must not only be close to the people, but also be close to my ministers. As Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty said well, the monarch is
boat, hundred
The surname is water. Water can carry a boat or overturn it. In fact, the reason why we must destroy Qinggan is, in the final analysis, for the people of the northwest. If you manage it well, I won't be so angry. I have said it before.
, extremely poor governance
, it can be said to be a disaster to the country and the people, to prey on the people, and even to collude with foreign countries. There is no king's law, the empire is progressing, and you are degenerating. I hate it day and night in the capital, otherwise there is really no need to eradicate it all at once. To this day, this
Basically, more than half of the matter has passed. We still have to continue to track down the remaining members of the party and hunt down the remaining bandits. You still have to continue to work hard and strive to do a better job in the past two years and leave yourself something to write home about.
Achievements."
Ma Fuxiang replied respectfully: "Thank you, Your Majesty, for your kindness. I am deeply grateful. I will swear to the death to do the same."
He said it easily, but in his heart he was extremely embarrassed. The people behind him were going to be ruthless, and no one could be spared to get to the bottom of it. This was a big purge. By the end of the purge, it was almost done.
A few months ago, the emperor instigated the Tongzhi Incident in front of him. He made it very clear that if there was no such thing in the future, Gansu must be emptied. Those who could be moved should be moved and dispersed to places.
For the four northern provinces and Ningxia, only half of them can be retained.
Although he felt sad, what could Ma Fuxiang do?
Ma Anmin, Ma Qi, Ma Lin and so on were all completely wiped out. They were eradicated without even leaving a trace of their roots. Otherwise, why would Qing Ma fight to the death to kill others?
Killing is a dead end, so it's better to fight once.
It was just because of this that Ma Fuxiang's group really saw how ruthless the Imperial Central Defense Force was. The Qingma was so powerful. Half of their more than 10,000 people were killed along the way. They only waited for the First Cavalry Division to catch up and lightly
Easily kill them all in one battle.
The remnants of the Qingma and Ganma troops, totaling more than 30,000 people, were all killed. The 1st Cavalry Division only injured a few hundred people, which really frightened the Ningma army scattered behind.
At this point, things seem to be almost over, but for Song Biao, it is just the beginning. What he will have to deal with later is the radical faction in the sect, which is also the faction that is inclined to separatism and founding the country, and this also requires the support of the local faction.
Help, gradually crowd out the radicals in the country, leaving a peaceful northwest.
But no matter which faction you support, the most important thing is development or getting rich. As long as you are poor, endless new problems will arise.
Now that Ma Fuxiang's uncle and nephew were here, Song Biao talked with them for one more night, talked about some ideas for governing the northwest, and also asked them for some suggestions.
It was not until this period that Song Biao was basically done with the work in the northwest, and he also clarified the ideas and policies for the cabinet government and local provincial governments. Only then did he return to the capital in mid-June 1916, and the Imperial Railway moved westward.
There will no longer be any obstacles to big plans.
When entering Tibet from Qinghai, an asphalt road was first built and built all the way to Lhasa. A military and animal husbandry bureau was set up in Qinghai and a cavalry brigade was retained to stabilize Qinghai.
Gansu's position in the empire is very important. It is the common origin of the Han and Yi ethnic groups and the hometown of Fuxi and Nuwa. The output of gold, silver, copper, coal, and iron here is enough to ensure the development of northwest industry.
It also has the richest nickel mine in the country.
The opening of the railway from here will lead directly to Xinjiang, laying the foundation for the empire to control Xinjiang and return to Central Asia.
Only by governing Gansu well can the empire truly stabilize the northwest, establish a northwest barrier and control the center of the northwest. Shaanxi cannot yet shoulder this responsibility, so it has the Lanzhou Military Region instead of the Xi'an Military Region. As the army pacified the Ma Jiajun, the Northwest Army
The department will also be further moved to Lanzhou.
Just when the empire was pacifying the northwest, on the European battlefield, the meat grinder of Verdun had torn apart the will of the German and French armies to attack. On the banks of the Somme, the two sides continued to engage in a more intense war, and the British and French allied forces gradually gained ground.
When they had the advantage, the Russian army was defeated again by the main force of the German army on the Eastern Front battlefield.
It’s just that in this repeated turnaround, the main force of the German army has trouble looking east and west. If it is concentrated on the western front, the British and French will lose, and if it is concentrated on the eastern front, the Russian army will be defeated. No matter how favorable the situation is for the German army at the moment, the east and west fronts will be defeated.
The mutual containment effect still made it difficult for the German army to take care of its head and tail. It was still unable to transform its operational advantage into a major strategic advantage. Instead, its main force was continuously consumed in such repeated battles.
At least in terms of military supplies, the British and French coalition forces, supported by the export of Chinese and American arms, have exerted a suppressive advantage over the German army. Russia's large quantities of equipment imported and leased from China are enough to ensure that the Russian army continues to form larger-scale forces.
army.
Whether it is the United Kingdom or Russia and France, the voices for further requesting China to send troops to participate in the European War are getting louder and louder at this time. However, in the "Sino-French Military Alliance Agreement", the two countries have clearly stated in the agreement that they will send troops to
Another country's maximum obligation for coordinated operations is 200,000, which is in black and white
The writing is very clear. China has sent more than 400,000 soldiers to the battlefields in Europe and Africa at this stage, and has no obligation to send more soldiers. Although there is a military mutual assistance agreement between China and Russia, there is no real alliance agreement.
, there is no similar agreement with the UK.
After the problem in the northwest is resolved, China certainly has the ability to send more armies, but it is obvious that China needs a higher price, and China is not as easy to deceive as the Kingdom of Italy. Empty promises are of no use, even if they are written on paper
The promises were of no use.
China wants ready-made benefits.
If you give money to the emperor, you must give gold and silver now. If you want to allocate colonies to the empire, the empire must send troops to occupy them now, otherwise the empire will not send another soldier.
Of course, if Britain and France feel that the price of inviting the United States to fight is relatively low, they can also invite the United States.
The Empire fully welcomed this with enthusiasm.
In short, the empire now has an army of two million people waiting to fight. It is well-equipped with 160,000 light and heavy machine guns, 300,000 submachine guns, and more than 8,000 artillery pieces. They can land in Europe and West Asia at any time to fight. The only remaining problem is
How much price are Britain, France and Russia willing to pay?
To put it bluntly, Germany is now focused on secret talks with the Empire, hoping that the Empire will not continue to participate in the European War. The main combat mission of the Imperial Army in Europe has always been to assist Italy and Serbia in dealing with second-rate armies like Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria.
In a real head-on battle with the German Imperial Army, Song Biao was not absolutely sure.
Therefore, without a high price tag, he would rather welcome the United States to actively participate in the First World War so that he could concentrate on preparing for the war against Soviet Russia, although a mysterious and strange organization like the Anglican Church was absolutely indispensable in supporting Soviet Russia.
Song Biao obviously cannot just wait for history. History is unpredictable and always changing. The only way to keep it under control is to take the initiative, add fuel to the flames, and make what may happen become inevitable. Just like Saint
As the Guild did in Sarajevo.
Since power can be regarded as justice, conspiracy can also be regarded as justice and ideal.
Whether it is military, economic, industrial, or political, the empire is just a second-rate country in this world, and it is at a relatively low level among the second-rate countries. Except for the land, army, and economic aggregate, the rest is really not worth mentioning, and it is not worth mentioning at all.
Not being looked down upon by the first-rate established empires, it is precisely for this reason that all the conspiracy methods must be rationally used. Only in this way can one compete with the first-rate empires.
In short, it is you Anglo-Saxon white beasts who think you are noble.
You think that you are God's orthodox people, dominating the highest civilization on earth, occupying the supreme advantage of the human race, possessing democracy, human rights and universal values, and that you can arrogantly despise all second-class races and wretches.
, in fact you are just leukemia mutants born from a black mother. (To be continued...)
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