Volume 5 The Rise of the Machine Chapter 320 Minyue Miracle 2 Seeking Red
Volume 5: Opportunity to Rise, Chapter 320: Miracle of Fujian and Guangdong 2 (Please give me a red flower!)
In addition to the bustling flow of people, mountains of goods, cargo compartments, and huge ships, there are also a large number of trucks running on the dock. These vehicles are either delivering goods or pulling goods. In addition to cars,
In addition, there is a railway in the port, and there are also several train carriages loading ore here. These copper ores from South America are the key species in Wu Aihua's resource imports. Copper is an extremely important strategic material.
China, on the other hand, is one of the countries with relatively small copper ore reserves.
The Ministry of Agriculture officials led by the Minister of Agriculture, Yan Yangchu, naturally focus on rural construction. Speaking of which, among the ministers appointed by the New Republic of China, Yan Yangchu's appointment may be the most appropriate, because Yan Yangchu himself is a "Chinese civilian educator" and
The title of "Rural Builder". This Minister of Agriculture was born in Bazhong, Sichuan in 1890. He studied at St. Paul's College in Hong Kong (the predecessor of the University of Hong Kong) when he was young, and later transferred to Yale University in the United States to study political economy. After graduating in 1918 with a bachelor's degree
, then transferred to Princeton University to study for a master's degree in history, and was later awarded an honorary doctorate by many famous universities around the world in recognition of his outstanding contributions to world civilian education and rural construction.
Beginning in 1926, Yan Yangchu began a 10-year rural civilian education experiment in Zhengding, Hebei, and served as the director-general of the "Chinese Civilian Education Association" for a long time.
Yan Yangchu believes that China's major problems are the four major diseases of "poverty, stupidity, weakness and selfishness" among the people. He advocates that by setting up civilian schools, the people should first be farmers, teaching literacy first, and then implementing the "four major education" of livelihood, literature and art, health and citizenship.
, cultivate knowledge, productivity, strength and unity to create "new people", and advocate the realization of "six overall constructions" of politics, education, economy, self-defense, health and etiquette in rural areas, so as to achieve the goal of strengthening the country and saving the country.
It has to be said that Yan Yangchu really had a finger on the "pulse" of China's problems. The problem is that the political darkness and internal and external troubles during the same period of history made it impossible for a person in power to carry out large-scale reforms in China even if he agreed with Yan Yangchu's ideas.
Implementation.
Hearing Liang Shuming praise the excellent rural construction in Fujian Province aroused Yan Yangchu's great interest. You must know that Liang Shuming himself is also an expert in rural construction, and he and Yan Yangchu are considered "like-minded" people.
However, after 1949, Liang Shuming stayed on the mainland, while Yan Yangchu went to Taiwan, the United States and other places. In the 1950s, he assisted them in establishing rural promotion associations in the Philippines, Thailand, Guatemala, Colombia, Ghana and other countries, and served as a long-term
"Advisor" on United Nations related matters.
The rural areas of Fujian Province opened a new door for Yan Yangchu. Compared with his "four major educations", perhaps the rural areas of Fujian Province are not doing well enough, but the rural construction of Fujian Province has long surpassed Yan Yangchu's ideas.
For example, regarding the "livelihood" of rural civilians, Yan Yangchu's methods are far less comprehensive than Wu Aihua's. For farmers who have no livelihood, Fujian Province provides them with broad "employment" opportunities. As long as they have the strength, they will not worry about livelihood.
For poor and sick families who are short of labor, the local government tries its best to find suitable jobs for them and provide them with minimum living security.
For example, there are rich and colorful arts, operas, ballads, chess and cards, temple fairs, lion dances, etc., and a lot of nationalism and patriotism are also injected into them.
For example, in terms of health, Wu Aihua promoted the health construction of at least one primary health center in each township and at least one medical office in each administrative village. In this process, Wu Aihua tried his best to use the role of the original rural traditional Chinese medicine doctors, and under the guidance of the government,
Guide them and provide appropriate subsidies to enable them to take up village and town sanitation work; these sanitation tasks also include changing customs and improving environmental sanitation and drinking water conditions.
As for citizens, the "villager autonomy" implemented by Wu Aihua has greatly improved the people's awareness of citizenship, participation and self-education.
In addition, civilian education, which Yan Yangchu focused most on, although the enrollment rate of school-age children in Fujian Province is only about 70%, the school coverage rate has reached 100%; as long as the children and their parents are willing, the children can continue to study; the primary school tuition fee is already
It is very low. If your family is poor, you can apply for exemption. Primary schools in various places cannot push students out of school because they cannot pay the tuition. Once such a situation is discovered, the principal will be dismissed immediately, and the teacher will most likely be revoked from teaching qualifications.
Fujian Province has implemented the "Teacher Qualification Certificate" in various places. Anyone who obtains the teacher qualification certificate and engages in education work in schools will receive a monthly education subsidy of 3 yuan. This part of the subsidy is not issued by the government, but by the Fujian Province.
Issued by the Education Promotion Association. The Education Promotion Association is an education development fund management organization established by the Meihua Group and "Hepai Trading Company" with huge investments.
In addition, poverty is the first of the "four major diseases" proposed by Yan Yangchu. In Fujian Province, there are basically no extremely poor people. Even if there are such extremely poor people, they are the "second-rate people" who are looked down upon by the people in the countryside.
, because they go gambling or drinking when they earn two dollars, and never know how to save money. How can such people become rich?
In Fujian Province, the thatched houses that are commonly seen in Chinese rural areas have been basically replaced by large tile houses; the internal roads in some villages with good conditions have been hardened, and in other villages that have not been hardened, the roads have also been repaired.
In terms of agricultural production, the Fujian Provincial Government has built many water conservancy facilities by investing part of the government investment, part of the landowners and farmers' investment, and part of the investment of ordinary farmers. The entire Fujian Province can basically guarantee harvests despite droughts and floods. At the beginning, some landowners did not
The government does not force you to invest, but after the water conservancy facilities are repaired, the landlord cannot enjoy the benefits. If you want to enjoy it? You can. First, wait for the investor to enjoy it before it is the landlord's turn; second, if you want to release a field
The cost of water is at least a quarter of an acre of harvest, which is quite expensive! There are even bully landlords who want to use force, but in the face of the powerful dictatorial power of the National Defense Forces, what do a few landlords have to do with it?
Regarding rural matters, Wu Aihua basically adopted the principles of support, guidance, and voluntariness. Facts speak louder than words. After three years of reforms in rural Fujian Province, there are basically no landlords who oppose the government. On the contrary, some
Landowners support the government's ideas more than ordinary farmers. This is because the government's ideas can always bring benefits, and landlords have the most and the best resources, so they can naturally obtain the most benefits.
For example, Wu Aihua does not insist on some new farming methods, the use of improved seeds and chemical fertilizers, but guides farmers to pursue and adopt new production methods through the demonstration role of state-owned rural areas.
Yan Yangchu and officials from the Ministry of Agriculture looked at each village one by one. From western Fujian to eastern Fujian, from the coast to northern Fujian, although the situation was different in various places, one thing was exactly the same, that is, the people had fewer faces.
The dishes are common in other parts of China, but with smiles and confidence. Although the rural areas of Fujian Province are not yet rich, they are not far away from being rich!
In fact, Wu Aihua never thought clearly about agricultural and rural policies. The experience of later generations proves that the household contracting method cannot make farmers rich. There are only two possibilities for Chinese farmers to get rich in later generations, one is large-scale operation, and the other is
It is a diversified business, and farming the two acres of his own land will not make him rich no matter what. So, Wu Aihua is quite embarrassed as to which policy is better to adopt.
It is impossible for China to implement the agricultural policy of the United States. 2% of the agricultural population can feed all Americans and export a large amount of agricultural products. Because China is a country with a large population! Because China’s education level is low, many people cannot adapt to and meet the needs of cities.
The needs of workers! In the decades to come, even in the 21st century, China's agricultural problems have still not been solved, and China is still the most backward region in China. The fundamental reason is that there is too much population.
China has only 1.3 acres of arable land per capita. This number does not even count as a "home farmer." How can we get rid of poverty and become rich? Some people say that with agricultural mechanization, farmers can only dig with a hoe for a few days, so they still need machinery.
Wu Aihua's deep-seated troubles are naturally not something Yan Yangchu can see or understand. Yan Yangchu's biggest wish at this time is that he is willing to be the Minister of Agriculture. He wants to build all rural areas in China into the same as the rural areas in Fujian Province. And with
The officials of the Ministry of Agriculture who accompanied him were mostly rural experts and agricultural experts (most government officials during the Republic of China were experts of various kinds). Therefore, when they completed their inspection, the work plan for the Ministry of Agriculture was almost formed in their minds.
If Yan Yangchu is placed in the position of Minister of Agriculture, it is the most appropriate meritocracy; then it is also quite appropriate to place Huang Yanpei in the position of Minister of Industry.
Huang Yanpei was a distinguished scholar and scholar with a profound foundation in traditional culture, but he was also the pioneer and founder of modern vocational education in China. In later dynasties, Huang Yanpei also served as deputy prime minister and minister of light industry.
Huang Yanpei conducted industrial and educational inspections in various countries around the world in the early Republic of China, paying particular attention to vocational education in various countries. After returning to China, he established the "China Vocational Education Society" in 1917. The concept of vocational education in later generations is very clear, but the vocational education in later generations is not
It is vocational education in a narrow sense, and its status is relatively low. The vocational education advocated by Huang Yanpei mainly focuses on the training of students' vocational "skills" and finding employment opportunities for them. It should be said that which major in colleges and universities is not "vocational education"?
Before the new president of Nanjing was elected, Huang Yanpei took the initiative to visit Wu Aihua, and Wu Aihua put forward his educational philosophy: after completing universal high school education, there are two paths to education, one is for research talents
The other path is to cultivate professional talents.
Research talents refer to those who are good at theoretical thinking and like to engage in laboratory work, including university professors; while professional talents are those who engage in professional work after graduating from university, such as judges, middle school teachers, and engineers.
etc. However, talents engaged in management-type jobs such as government affairs and public affairs cannot be cultivated by a certain type of school or a certain major.