Chapter 981 977 [Adjustment of cultural and educational policies]
Kunning Palace.
Before leaving the Forbidden City, King Chu visited his mother here again, and then excitedly prepared the magazine.
Whether you are running a magazine or doing other businesses in the future, you need to learn and practice slowly, and it does not happen overnight.
In the evening, Zhao Han came to Kunning Palace, sat down and chatted for a few words, and then asked casually: "How much did you give Peng'er?"
"Five hundred taels of silver," Fei Rulan said angrily, "It's too much and you won't be happy. I've never seen any emperor treat his children so poorly." 1
Zhao Han Xiaoruo said: "The money given to him is too much, so he just enjoys it. How can he be willing to make a living on his own?" 4
Zhao Han is actually experimenting with his own children to see how they can be forced to develop. Everything can be adjusted, such as increasing the clan's salary. The bottom line is that it cannot be too high. The prince's salary is three times that of a genuine one. 44
Or, a franchise license may be granted in the future, but the scope of the franchise will be limited. 2
As for whether the prince should stay in the capital or join a local vassal, this is also under observation and experiment. Qi 2 Fei Rulan suddenly cared about Qi Pan Qimei's children and asked curiously: "Will the King of Jin be in danger in Tianzhu?"
?" "Probably not, he chose a small country." Zhao Han said. 1
At this time, Zhao Kuangdong, the king of Jin, was still harvesting winter rice in India. Several foreign wars had not started, and the country knew nothing about his situation.,1
Fei Rulan also has a son who has not graduated from high school. Among the three biological princes, the eldest is the prince, the second is engaged in business, and she wants to arrange the third. But she not only wants the child to stay with her, but also wants the child to make something.
Fei Rulan was very confused about her career. 4
"What's the climate in Tianzhu? I heard it's very hot there." Fei Rulan asked again.
Zhao Han nodded: "It's very hot. Even in winter, it sometimes gets over 30 degrees in southern India." { 3
Fei Rulan said: "All the princes are pampered, how can they withstand such weather? There are no good doctors in Tianzhu. What if someone has a headache and a fever?" Zhao Han said with a smile: "There are doctors accompanying us, and we have brought many with us.
Medicinal materials.”
Fei Rulan said: "Your Majesty, please don't deceive me. Even famous doctors are unwilling to go to sea. Those who go to Tianzhu are only quack doctors and apprentices." 4
"Among those doctor apprentices, there are also a few smart ones who have been consulting with the master for many years," Zhao Han explained. "Last time Huan'er got sick, it was a difficult and complicated disease. Didn't Dr. Hu just ask the apprentice to consult? Then the apprentice
Dr. Hu didn’t change a word of the prescription he prescribed, and Huan’er was cured of her illness within a few days.” 2
Fei Rulan nodded and said: "I remember that apprentice, seems to be called Zhou Xin or something?"
Zhao Han said: "My name is Zhou Maoxing, and this time I followed the King of Jin to India." "That's great, it can make people feel at ease." Fei Rulan said with a smile.
The next day, the imperial meeting.
Not only ministers from various ministries participated, but Prince Zhao Kuanghuan and Qu Guan were also allowed to observe.
Wang Tiaoding, the Minister of Rites, first reported the work: "The Hanlin Academy, in collaboration with the Ministry of Rites, has compiled a comparison table of commonly used words of various ethnic groups, and will send it to the official histories of relevant regions across the country next month. However, the words of various ethnic groups in Qinghai and Tibet
The comparison table has not been compiled yet.” 8
"It's already pretty good." Zhao Han praised.
Zuo Xiaoliang, the official secretary of the Ministry of Personnel, said: "More and more county historians in Guangnan Province are from the Miao ethnic group, which has caused dissatisfaction among the Yue historians. The situation is a bit tricky, as the Yue historians resist government orders and often violate them. Guangnan Province
Many Yue historians were replaced, but the matter still could not be resolved. The Chief Secretary of Guangnan requested additional education funds to open more primary and secondary schools.”…
Zhao Han said: "Let the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Rites discuss this matter and come up with a plan within two months."
Zhao Han has already put forward the idea of the Chinese nation, saying that the Han people are the elder brothers and all ethnic groups are younger brothers. This is the only thing he can do. It is not to artificially create ethnic differences, but because the languages of the various ethnic groups cannot communicate.
Officials also have certain tendencies when administering policies.
For example, in the southwest region, when prefectures and counties select historians,
would be more inclined to the Han people. But when it comes to Guangnan Province, there are not many Han people there, so in addition to selecting Han historians, priority is also given to the Miao and Yue people who can speak Chinese.
The Miao and Han people are obviously closer! 14
It can be concluded from the language vocabulary that although the Miao languages of various ethnic groups are different, they are generally similar. Sun, moon, person, hand, mouth, big, small, more, less, middle, lower, fish, bird...
…These basic Miao words can all find their etymology in Chinese.1
For example, the words "book" and "character" in the Miao language are pronounced "牍". The pronunciations of the words "cow" and "horse" are very similar to those in Chinese. This shows that a long time ago, the Chinese and Miao peoples came from the same origin.
.As for Vietnamese, although it also has a large number of words that are very similar in pronunciation to Chinese, most of them are advanced words rather than basic words.
For example, princess, wages, etiquette, Gregorian calendar, New Year's Day, transportation, there is no difference in pronunciation between Vietnamese and Chinese. In this case, foreign words are borrowed, rather than being the same from the beginning. Of course, there are also a few basic words that are similar, such as sit
, let, cold, east, etc.
In any case, there are many Hmong people in Quang Nam Province. They used to be second-class citizens in Vietnam, but now they are selected in large numbers as historians by Han officials.
Of course the Yue people are not happy. Although the number of Yue historians far exceeds that of the Miao people, they just feel unbalanced. Even the Yue people do not want to see Miao historians. They only accept being ruled by the Han. i7
Ethnic conflicts have become increasingly fierce. At this time, they have not yet led to riots, but various minor conflicts are emerging one after another, and it is common for Yue historians to be willing to work in disguise.
―The taste is suppressed and cannot be suppressed.
We can only increase investment in education and open more schools so that Yue and Miao children can learn to speak Chinese and write Chinese characters. This will take one or two generations to achieve initial results. 8
Talking about education, Wang Tiaoding, the Minister of Rites, said: "Several overseas governors have sent official letters requesting the establishment of examination centers in Nanjing. Similar to the provincial examination, they ask the court to grant quotas for candidates, and then send them to Nanjing for the examination together."
Chief Assistant Liu Ziren said: "Even Luzon, which was the first to occupy, is still discussing the establishment of the University of Manila. Overseas, there is not even a university, so they are rushing to hold provincial examinations. Do they have so many scientific examination scholars?"
6
"Yes," Wang Tiaoding explained, "One is the children of the garrison, and the other is the original Han people. Take Palembang and Semarang as examples. The Han people there have been multiplying for two to three hundred years. Although they have converted to Green religion,
But they are still using Chinese characters, and the children from rich families have to learn the Four Books and Five Classics."
After some discussion among the ministers, Zhao Han finally made a decision: "A total of ten candidates will be given to overseas governor-general areas. Students from all over the country will take the exam in Yecheng and ten candidates will be selected. These ten people will come to Nanjing to take the exam and set up separate exams.
In the examination room, a quota for Jinshi is given. It is called...attached list." 7
The so-called "juren" refer to university graduates. There are no universities overseas, so it is a temporary policy.…
There are two to three hundred thousand Han people living overseas. Although there are very few high-level intellectuals, they still have to look forward to it. Setting up ten candidates and one Jinshi quota specifically for overseas Han people has far greater political significance than practical significance. 1
Fei Chun, who has expired in Dingyou and is now an ordinary cabinet minister, said: "When setting up overseas imperial examinations, household registration and school registration must be clearly distinguished. Many overseas immigrants still have their household registration in their original place of origin, but they are registered overseas. They do not distinguish their household registration.
As for the supplementary list, I am afraid that some scholars from Fujian and Guangdong will take the exam overseas." 2
College entrance examination immigration was already very common in the Ming Dynasty.
This was even more obvious in Taiwan during the Qing Dynasty. The first few Jinshi in Taiwan were all from Fujian and Cantonese. "This is not an easy matter," said Guo Shunyu, the Minister of Household Affairs.
Zhao Han said: "It is not easy, but it must be done. Let overseas immigrants confirm their household registration as soon as possible. It is also possible to continue to retain their original place of origin, but their children are not allowed to participate in the imperial examination. Once they are found to have registered for the imperial examination, they will be deprived of the qualifications for the imperial examination for the third generation. And those who have settled overseas,
Their mainland land can be donated to their family members or relatives, and the government should not force it to take it back, otherwise no one will be willing to settle overseas."
If you immigrate alone, your land will naturally be left to your relatives in the mainland.
When a family emigrates, it is said to be a gift, but in fact it is a disguised recognition of land sales.
Guo Shunyu said: "We have to cooperate with the tax policy. Those who live overseas will have the same tax amount. Those who live overseas will have an additional land tax!"
At this time, there is no household registration network, so dual household registration will definitely take advantage of the loopholes.
But immigrants have been overseas for a long time. Over time, their land in the mainland will naturally become owned by relatives. If the whole family moves, it is even more difficult to keep it. Most of it will be occupied by relatives, friends or neighbors. Therefore, dual household registration does not bring much.
In order to gain income, it is better to go to the overseas government to confirm the household registration clearly.,6
Moreover, there is currently only one overseas Jinshi quota, and the benefits of imperial examination immigration are not high.
The problem of overseas household registration can basically be solved, and some loopholes can be ignored.7
Today's imperial meeting was basically related to education. After all, the imperial examination had just been completed.
Zhao Han asked: "Officials from the Zhongbang and Beibang areas have written letters one after another, requesting to adjust the number of Jinshi. What do you think?" "The current ratio of the north to the south in the middle list has been used since the Ming Dynasty. I don't think there is any need to change." Chief Assistant Liu Ziren was the first to speak.
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Most of the cabinet ministers were from Nanbang, and they all agreed with Liu Ziren. Some even said that the competition for the imperial examination in Nanbang was fierce, and the proportion should be increased as appropriate.
However, the Minister of Rites came from Shandong. Wang Tiaoding said: "Although the proportions are the same, the regions are different. What's more, Guangnan Province was added to the middle list, and Xuantu Province (Jilin) was added to the northern list. They are the Mongols on the grassland.
In principle, you can also take part in the imperial examination. I suggest that the ratio of quotas for the examination be adjusted. Especially, there will be more and more outstanding scholars who pass the examination."
In this imperial examination, the test scores of scholars from Sichuan and Hunan obviously exploded.
Sichuan, in particular, has not experienced much war. Not only does it have one of the largest populations in the province, but it also has a strong foundation in imperial examinations. Scholars in Chengdu County and Fushun County passed the examination for twelve Jinshi this year, and other areas were involved in heavy casualties.
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"It needs to be changed." Zhao Han said.
Officials from the Lampang area were unwilling to accept this, but they could not oppose the emperor's opinion. They could only blow their beards and glare at Wang Tiaoding.
Of course, Zhao Han also made a compromise to increase the number of Jinshi in the next session...
There is no quota for the number of Jinshi, which is adjusted according to the vacancies of official positions. In the Ming Dynasty, the number of Jinshi for each term was between 300 and 400.
The Datong imperial court had a vast territory and needed more officials. The number of Jinshi candidates for the next imperial examination was increased to 451, and a fraction of that was given to overseas candidates.
Namely: 225 candidates (50) were admitted to the South List, 171 (38) were admitted to the Middle List, and 54 candidates (12) were admitted to the North List.
Although the proportion of Jinshi in the South Ranking has decreased, the overall number of Jinshi has increased, and it is actually possible to take more exams than before.
Zhao Han held a meeting today not only to talk about these things, but also to do other things.
Zhao Han said: "In provinces like Gansu, Yungui, and Guangnan, it is not easy for scholars to go to Beijing to take the exam. I plan to divide the examination into several places. Those who fail can go home nearby, and those who succeed can come to Nanjing to take the exam."
Everyone looked at each other, even Wang Diaoding was dumbfounded.
The ministers objected one after another, but the objections were ineffective. Zhao Han smiled and said: "It is better to try it for two terms and see the effect."
Zhao Han came up with this idea because the land area is constantly expanding, and it is really difficult for candidates from peripheral provinces. Just going to Beijing to take the exam is a huge administrative expense. If the exam can be taken nearby, those who fail will not have to go too far, and the related expenses will also be reduced.
Come down, both the scholars and the court will benefit.6
Of course, it will definitely not work to conduct separate examinations in different provinces.
There are three examination areas across the country. The southern examination will be held in Nanjing, the northern examination will be held in Beijing, and the middle examination will be held in Baling (Yueyang). 29 After the third examination, the failed candidates will go home directly, leaving only
More than 400 people came to Nanjing to audition.
The time for the imperial examination must be adjusted and postponed by one and a half months than before.
In the three major examination areas, examiners and marking officers are dispatched by the central government, and the local authorities are responsible for organizing the examination. 2
In the future, more examination areas will be added, such as the overseas supplementary examination. According to geographical conditions, the supplementary examination will be held in Yecheng. The premise is that there are enough overseas candidates and the number of overseas universities is enough, otherwise you will always get pitiful places.
This is not only an issue of the imperial examination. Setting the center of the Beibang examination area in Beijing also increases Beijing's political influence.
Next, we need to divide the country's war zones in detail to enhance Beijing's military influence so as to radiate to the northeast and grasslands and consolidate its border dominance.
