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The key to the sluggishness of the Southern Ming Dynasty is that there has never been an authoritative core that can mobilize all the forces to resist the Qing Dynasty. Although there are often intrigues within the Qing court, they can generally implement orders and prohibitions, and distinguish rewards and punishments. The fundamental reason for the victory of the Qing Dynasty and the defeat of the Ming Dynasty is not the difference between strength and weakness.
, but the difference in internal cohesion.
In fact, the two major battles launched by Nanming were both possible to win. On the Guangdong battlefield on the southern front, they fought in the west and did not move east; in the Yangtze River battle on the northern front, they fought in the east but did not move in the west. The battle ended like this
, why talk about winning?
As long as Zheng Chenggong cooperates with Li Dingguo as the main force, Guangdong will undoubtedly attack, which is good news. Geng Jimao will not escape the fate of Kong Youde. If the coalition forces of Li and Zheng can regain the entire province of Guangdong, the situation in the Ming and Qing Dynasties will be very different. In the Battle of the Yangtze River, the Ming army
The navy had an absolute advantage, and there were a large number of people who wanted to restore the Ming Dynasty in the areas controlled by the Qing Dynasty. There were also quite a lot of troops that could be invested in the west.
At that time, in addition to Sun Kewang's appointment of Liu Wenxiu to lead the army to attack Changde or Yuezhou to move eastward along the Yangtze River, the Kuidong Thirteen Families' armies were also in an extremely favorable geographical location and had strong combat effectiveness. But why did the Kuidong Thirteen Families' armies not take any measures?
Any sign of action?
It's very simple. For some reason, the Ming-supporting forces cannot work together as one. The people who actually exercise the highest power are selfish, narrow-minded, and do not do a good job of coordination.
The current situation in the fight against the Qing Dynasty is quite different. Fujian Province is the main battlefield, but it is not isolated. The prince of Jin Dynasty, Li Sixing, relied on Shaoguan and was stationed in Xiaomeiling to feint to contain the Qing army in Jiangxi. The Yangtze River Navy entered the river to fight, with the intention of joining forces.
Home, put pressure on Huguang and threaten the Yangtze River; the two fleets of Deng Yao and Yang Yandi can be divided or combined to threaten Fuzhou and northern Fujian Province, harass and contain the Qing army in Zhejiang.
Through coordination, cooperation, and response, the Ming army's combat effectiveness greatly increased because of its unified command. With the help of the navy's strength and firm control of the strategic initiative, the war situation continued to develop in a direction that was not conducive to the Qing army.
In fact, it was not just the southeastern region that started taking action. In Sichuan, Qingyang King Liu Zhen was the vanguard and led his troops out of Jiading to attack Xuzhou (now Yibin) in the east, making a simultaneous advance on land and water to threaten Chongqing.
The Thirteen Families of Kuidong gathered tens of thousands of people and suddenly took a boat down the river from Badong. They first defeated Guizhou (now Zigui County). Then they marched to attack Yiling (now Yichang City, Hubei Province). The Chu army was defeated in the field battle.
.Huddled in the city and urgently called for reinforcements.
After the Yangtze River Navy defeated the Qing army's river defenses, they bombarded Nanjing as a demonstration, and then moved up the river. During this period, small battles continued, but they were frequent but not fierce. The Qing army's flood defense forces along the river could no longer stop their progress.
"...It is a good idea to build forts on the north and south river banks and send troops to guard them to prevent thieves. However, there are only one or two soldiers, or even empty forts without soldiers. From Nanchang onwards, there are even fewer and fewer soldiers.
When I arrived in Anqing, I saw some naval forces practicing in the martial arts field. There were only more than 200 soldiers. They were all old and weak, which was like child's play. Moreover, the fighting boat was small and could only accommodate a few people. It was regarded as a large ship (referring to the 100-ton class ship of the Yangtze River Navy).
) is like looking at a high mountain. With such a shape, how can we expect to defeat the enemy and win decisively on the river? Therefore, when the pirates go crazy, it is like entering an uninhabited land. The flood defense officers and soldiers have not heard of fighting in the wind and waves, so they are only defended by soldiers.
The reputation is a waste of money for the imperial court, but has no actual effect on Jiang defense..."
In the Qing Dynasty official Keyouji incident, Guo Yi'e once boarded a boat from Ezhou and went down the river. He wrote a memorial about what he saw along the way and submitted it to the Qing court. He saw it carefully and analyzed it correctly. The fort was empty and the defense was
The ship was slack, the ship was small, and the officers and soldiers had no experience in water warfare...
However, it was recognized that the problem was only one aspect, and it was very difficult to solve it. The Qing government also knew that it was weak, so the adjustment it made was to concentrate water power as much as possible and build river defense fortifications from the lower reaches of Nanjing to the estuary, in order to deter the Ming army's attack.
Once the key river defense fortifications are destroyed, the weakness of the middle and upper reaches will be exposed.
……………
The Intelligence Bureau, as the hero behind the scenes, played an indispensable role in the implementation of the entire grand strategy. Without long-term silent operation, how could a smooth communication channel be established, and it would be impossible for the Kuidong Thirteen Family to launch an offensive and respond at the right time.
Along the southeastern coast, naval raids are mostly based on intelligence relayed by local intelligence station personnel.
Only clear rewards and punishments can stimulate motivation and enthusiasm. Zhu Yongxing reviewed the list and signed the commendation order happily.
"Your Highness, please don't be merciful. This time, you are using the topic to attack the mountain, but it will also avoid a river of blood in the future." Ye Hu did not accept the commendation order, but stubbornly reiterated his suggestion.
"Who said there would be rivers of blood in the future?" Zhu Yongxing shook his head gently and said in a deep voice: "I know your loyalty. There are feasible suggestions. It's just that the implications are too great."
Ye Hu thought for a while and said: "Then we will only deal with a few leaders. Your Highness has a kind heart. I hope others can learn from this and never dare to have different intentions."
"What a strange thing -" Zhu Yongxing gave a bitter smile, pondered for a long time, and then said slowly: "Zhang Xinzhi knows it. If his head can make others wake up, it will be considered a worthwhile death."
Ye Hu was not satisfied. He opened his mouth and swallowed the words.
"Cooperate well with the missionary department, and small things will have a big impact, and they will lose their minds from then on." Zhu Yongxing continued to explain the key points, "If you still persist in your stubbornness, you will be criticized by thousands of people and despised by others."
"I understand, Your Highness, please rest assured." Ye Hu bowed and listened.
"The work of instigating rebellion in Jiangnan can be strengthened." Zhu Yongxing paused, and the topic turned to the current war, "First the coast, then the inland. Taking advantage of the opportunity when people's hearts are shaken, try to cooperate with our army's attacks and plunders to expand their influence."
Ye Hu hesitated for a moment and then said: "In the past, many scholars from the south of the Yangtze River had liaisons with the King of Yanping in the Southeast and Zhang Shangshu of Zhoushan. I wonder if your highness thinks they can be used?"
"Which scholars have names?" Zhu Yongxing asked calmly.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, perhaps due to the changing environment or the fear of bloodshed, many people's behavior was inconsistent and capricious, which was difficult to understand.
For example, Li Chengdong was a butcher at first, but later died for his country; Qian Qianyi, for example, acted according to the prevailing situation during the Hongguang period and was shameless. After the Qing army invaded, he shamelessly shaved his head, voluntarily surrendered, and became a high-ranking official. But in the
After only half a year in the capital, he claimed to be ill and returned home, secretly joining the torrent of rebellion against the Qing Dynasty and the restoration of the Ming Dynasty.
In the winter of the third year of Shunzhi, his friend Huang Yuqi rebelled against the Qing Dynasty and was in urgent need of money and food. He hoped that he could donate generously. Qian Qianyi immediately complied with the request without saying a word. Unexpectedly, the matter was exposed and Qian Qianyi was arrested and imprisoned. After he was released from prison, he was "thief-minded"
Since the seventh year of Shunzhi, he has ventured to Jinhua many times to instigate rebellion and seize treasures. During this period, he was imprisoned many times, but he never changed his ambition. He contacted the anti-Qing forces in the southeast and southwest with Yao Zhizhuo and others, and planned
Battle of the Yangtze River.
In addition to the action, Qian Qianyi also used his pen to criticize the Manchus, calling them "slaves", "captives", "bastards", etc., vigorously praising the heroic deeds of the anti-Qing patriots, and contrasting with the previous greedy for life and fear of death.
Qian Qianyi is a completely different person.
Ultimately, humanity has not been lost and conscience has not been completely lost. The murderous nature of the Manchus and the willingness of countless Han people to die rather than surrender, coupled with the continuous humiliation and ridicule of others, left Qian Qianyi with nothing left in his heart.
Not many consciences were awakened. Therefore, in his later years, even though he knew there was a risk of beheading, he still fought hard, which somewhat comforted his conscience.
"When Qian Qianyi went north to serve as the vice president of the Ming Dynasty, the Liu family who stayed in Nanjing committed adultery. His son was angry and called the officials to punish him. When Qian Qianyi came back, he angrily cursed his son, 'The country is destroyed and the king is destroyed, and the scholar-bureaucrats
If you can't complete the festival, then you can't keep yourself accountable to a woman? You won't see your son from now on." Ye Hu stated the names of some literati, and then told a short story that was similar to a joke.
"Haha, Qian Qianyi has sincerely repented." Zhu Yongxing smiled, thought for a while, and said: "Since Qian Qianyi has made a remarkable move and won the forgiveness of Lu Liuliang, Huang Zongxi and others, it is not easy to criticize him too much.
.By the way, then Mrs. Liu is Liu Rushi, right?"
"It is Liu Rushi who is known as the Lord of Hedong." Ye Hu was a little surprised. Liu Rushi was one of the Eight Beauties of Qinhuai, but this happened nearly twenty years ago, and Zhu Yongxing could actually call her by name.
"Interesting." Zhu Yongxing looked very appreciative. Liu Ru came from a career, but his character is comparable to that of a scholar-official, which is really rare. "Well, I will give you a good think about it and I will give you an answer tomorrow."
"Yes." Seeing that Zhu Yongxing had no explanation, Ye Hu withdrew.
Lu Liuliang, Huang Zongxi, Gu Yanwu, these famous names are all familiar to Zhu Yongxing. Although Qian Qianyi has a bad character, he is not inferior to the above mentioned people in knowledge. He is a poet, historian, article writer, collector... He has been called
He is the most famous person in the literary world after Wang Danzhou (Shizhen).
Zhu Yongxing was not unaware that he lacked celebrities and scholars to support his appearance, but he had been busy making money, governing politics, and military affairs, so he had to temporarily put aside the idea of recruiting talents.
In fact, in Zhu Yongxing's mind, he had always wanted to form a literary team to do two tasks. One was to write the history of the Ming Dynasty, and the other was to establish New Confucianism.
Taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall, and this is just one of them. To characterize and reach a conclusion on some historical issues is a far-reaching consideration of long-term peace and stability. For example, the Great Western Army, such as the Thirteen Families, what was the nature of their original uprising? It was the government forcing the people to rebel.
Are they forced to survive by hunger and cold, or are bandits rising in droves? In comparison, the ideological burden of the Thirteen Family is obviously heavier. After all, it was Li Zicheng who conquered Beijing and forced Emperor Chongzhen to death. How can he completely calm his mind?
It is not a simple matter. Zhu Yongxing is doing well now, but will they worry about falling out and being ruthless in the future? There are many such examples in history.
To restore history to its true face, it also involves various policies of the Ming Dynasty. Only by explaining their faults can we prove the necessity of reform. This also provides Zhu Yongxing with the theoretical basis needed for reform. (To be continued...)