Confucius once said: "If it hadn't been for Guan Zhong, we might all have let our hair down, slit our clothes to the left, and become barbarians." In other words, in his eyes, in addition to not knowing "rituals and music", barbarians have a different hairstyle.
It is an obvious sign.
This view has been passed down from generation to generation and is widely accepted not only by the common people, but also by scholars and literati who grew up reading the books of Confucius and Mencius. In their view, the hairstyles and clothes of ethnic minorities are different from those of the Central Plains, and they can only be replaced by the civilization of the Central Plains.
Educate them without being assimilated by them.
But the biggest reversal in Chinese history occurred in the Qing Dynasty. Perhaps the biggest impact of the Qing Dynasty on China was hair shaving.
Before the "hair-shaving order" was issued, in order to protect themselves, the gentry from all over the Yangtze River raised the flag of "obedience to the people" and sat back and watched the country's destruction. "The people of Wu are weak and can be determined by flying slogans, so there is no need for large-scale military attacks." This sentence
The moisture was not too great, but the people in the south of the Yangtze River, who had always lived a comfortable life, were indeed greatly shocked after passing through Yangzhou for ten days, and were extremely afraid of the consequences of destruction after resistance.
However, when the "hair-shaving order" was issued, the whole country was in an uproar, and the people in Jiangnan with "weak customs" ignited a raging fire of resistance, which made the Qing rulers pay a heavy price.
The reason why "hair shaving" touches the most sensitive nerves of the people is that the people do not mind the change of dynasties or who is the emperor sitting in the golden palace. As long as they live without interference, China will still be China. But the hair shaving order made the people
Ru Meng woke up and realized that the Qing Dynasty not only wanted to levy taxes, but also change their customs and habits that had been maintained for thousands of years and destroy their cultural traditions.
To put it simply, the people were "docile as sheep to save their heads" at first because they were unwilling to fight for the mediocre and corrupt Ming Dynasty. Later, they "stood up like tigers to save their hair" because they wanted to safeguard the dignity of the nation and their ancestors.
Tradition.
A heroic and tragic resistance, a bloody massacre, and the shaving order that was carried out through killings were maintained, but it became an indelible pain in the hearts of the people. "The rat tail of money is almost full of fishy smell", "Chinese Kun is
"Yi, life is worse than death." It refers to the anger and pain that accumulates in people's hearts.
And this anger was once again ignited by the rise of the Ming army. As soon as they had the opportunity, as soon as they saw hope, the people in Jiangnan would cover their heads with white cloth or wrap up net scarves to welcome the king's army. They were all ashamed of the money rat tail, even Xu.
Officials also have this intention.
The king's division is the emperor's army; the country's army. As long as it is a Han army that comes to attack and plunder, it is called the king's division. This is not the first time that the people of Jiangnan have encountered it. But except for Zhang Huangyan's troops, the discipline of those "king's division"
But I don’t dare to compliment him. Zheng Chenggong organized the Battle of the Yangtze River, and many people saw that the "Wang Master" under the banner of restoring the Ming Dynasty performed a "raising food and paying, plundering and plundering" in his hometown.
Hemp, ten thousand men were killed" tragedy.
Now, the king's division is finally here, a true king's division. Not only does it not harm the people, but it also provides policies that benefit the people and treats the people well. It conquers a place and recovers a city. Businesses are fair, orderly, and open.
Relief from the treasury and relocation of people to avoid harm are enough to make the people feel at ease and at ease.
On July 29, the army reinforcements arrived at Changxing and Hengsha Islands outside Chongming Island at the mouth of the Yangtze River. After two days of rest, they landed with 6,000 Marines to attack Chongming. 12,000 elite soldiers and naval artillery
The naval guns were dismantled to help, and the people of Chongming Island who had emerged as heroic "sand soldiers" in the anti-Japanese struggle also actively supported it. The county magistrate Chen Shen was panicked and ordered the guerrilla Chen Ding to defend desperately.
On the second day of August, the artillery roared and the Ming army launched a wave of offensive. Within one day, they successively captured three Tucheng outside the county, killing guerrilla Chen Ding, and completely isolated the county. In history, they had defended the city to the death and thwarted Zheng Chenggong's attack.
Chen Shen, the county magistrate, refused to give up and ordered all men and women in the county to go to the city to guard and resist.
However, people's minds changed, and the defenders in the city lost their fighting spirit because their general Chen Ding was beheaded. They secretly communicated with the Ming army and opened the city in the middle of the night, allowing the Ming army to easily enter the city. Chen Shen, seeing that the situation was over, fled back to the county government and hanged himself, ending the Qing Dynasty.
Ting Jinzhong’s short life.
Chongming Island not only controls the outlet of the Yangtze River, but also has a flat terrain, a suitable climate, and is known as a land of plenty. It is far from the desolation of Zhoushan. The Ming army captured this island, and as long as it is managed well, it will not only solve the food problem, but also provide abundant fish and shrimps.
Turtle crabs can supplement nutrition, and can also be used by boatmen to attack and plunder the surrounding places such as Shanghai, Taicang, and Haimen.
Lu Wenyang was sitting in the county office, looking through the documents. Although he was not ashamed of the Qing Dynasty magistrate Chen Shen for not knowing justice and willing to die for the Tartars, he still admired Chen Shen's political actions. There were references, adoptions, and corrections.
, there were improvements, and Lu Wenyang began to write down his own strategies for managing the island.
They reclaimed wasteland, built canals and embankments, controlled salinity and alkali, promoted improved varieties, and broadcast rice. They also stipulated that only 30% of the tax on newly reclaimed fields should be paid in the first three years. After three years, the fields would be owned by the islanders for recuperation and recuperation, stimulating the enthusiasm of the islanders.
There are dense reeds around the island, which can encourage islanders to use reeds to weave mats and baskets, expand production and expand financial resources.
Adjust and improve the armor protection system so that all the people are soldiers and all the people help defend. If one side is in trouble, all parties will support it. The strength of the military is crucial, but the people must also do their best to help. The army and the people are integrated to protect Chongming Island like a copper wall.
At that time, Shanghai had not yet formed a large scale. It was just a small city living on the river and the sea. The location of Chongming Island was very important, as it was the gateway to Nanjing on the water. The Ming army occupied it, and the Qing army was like a thorn in the back. How could they be willing to do so?
There will be no shortage of wars in Chongming. The Ming army is protected by the navy and the army is well-equipped, so it obviously has a great advantage.
The night was already dark, but Lu Wenyang was not tired. This scholar, who had suddenly awakened in Beijing and was not afraid of the hardships to go to the south to serve his motherland, cherished this opportunity to go abroad. And in Kunming Academy, with the traditional education he received
Different, he also had a new understanding of how to be an official.
"Be upright as a person, be diligent in government, be honest as an official, and be honest to the people. These are the twelve words that I send you to. The army and the people are the foundation of victory. The army is commanded by the generals, and the people are governed by the officials. These two pillars are lacking.
One cannot. Those who are officials are the parents of the people; those who are the people are the sons of officials. However, the people are hungry and there are hungry weeds in the wild. Those who lead beasts to eat people are also the parents of the people. Administration cannot help but lead beasts to eat people, which is evil.
As parents of the people..."
Every time a college student graduates, Zhu Yongxing will be summoned in person, hosted a banquet, and given words, warnings, or encouragement.
Lu Wenyang stopped writing and drank tea, recalling His Highness Min's speech at that time. Among them, the excerpts from "Mencius" made him think even more. These words were originally deleted by Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang. His Highness Min mentioned them now, and they have far-reaching implications.
Speculation.
Although he is a descendant of the Zhu family, His Highness Min wants to subvert Taizu's way of governing the country? Obviously, those who follow the rules and do nothing will not be favored by His Highness Min, and there is no hope of promotion. Or, His Highness Min wants to respect Mencius and suppress Confucius, and reinvent all dynasties.
What ideological theory do you believe in?
As a scholar, although Lu Wenyang received some different educations and some fresh ideas in the academy, he was still quite enthusiastic about career promotion. And figuring out what he wanted to do was undoubtedly the most important means for a smooth career.
The people should not be hungry and cold, the army should have food and pay, neither corruption nor blasphemy, and cultivate moral integrity. Lu Wenyang thought for a long time and wrote these sixteen words, thinking that this is what His Highness Min likes. As long as he does this, his official career will be smooth.
Flat and bright.
…………
The external military offensive was vigorous, and internally, Zhu Yongxing also began to carry out purges to unify his thinking and eliminate obstacles.
There had been a "receipt" incident before. Zhu Yongxing borrowed Yongli's edict and Myanmar's greed to create an image of enduring humiliation and serving the emperor wholeheartedly, which calmed the situation. But those who dreamed of restoring Yongli's position and power
Frustrated officials have not given up. They are waiting for the opportunity to prepare for the next public opinion offensive.
The Qing court sent spies to create rumors and collude with officials, hoping to create chaos within the Southern Ming Dynasty and attack Zhu Yongxing. Or they mobilized forces to distract the Ming army so that the Ming army could not concentrate on fighting. This was very important to the small group who opposed Zhu Yongxing and hoped that Yongli could replace him.
It seems to be a good opportunity for a group of officials.
But before they could take action, Zhu Yongxing had already taken action, and this opportunity immediately turned into a trap. Perhaps it was the kindness that Zhu Yongxing had always shown that deceived these people, perhaps it was the deep-rooted loyalty to the emperor in their hearts, or perhaps it was their fervent fantasies.
After being carried away, the handle was suddenly seized by Zhu Yongxing, and the purge became a legitimate cause, gained the support of the people, and made these people suffer.
The first was the successful operation of the Intelligence Bureau, which captured a spy sent by the Qing Dynasty and tortured him with a detailed confession. The confession published in the Di newspaper clearly stated that it was a conspiracy of the Qing court to welcome Yongli back from Burma.
One is to use the mediocre Yongli to suppress the wise His Highness Min who is difficult for the Qing court to deal with, and create civil strife in order to benefit the Qing court; the other is to force the Ming army to send troops to Burma, thereby spreading the military strength and giving the Qing court time to breathe and adjust.
This confession came from a secret agent of the Qing Dynasty. It represented the judgment of the Qing court and described Yongli as mediocre and incompetent. Although it dissatisfied some officials, it was unable to counterattack targets far away in Beijing, let alone Zhu Yongxing.
However, this evaluation has real psychological guidance for ordinary people, making it easy for ordinary people to have the impression that "Yongli is mediocre and incompetent, but His Highness Min is so wise and powerful that the Qing court is afraid of him."
At the same time, the confession also revealed the list of Nanming officials who were contacted, bribed, and instigated by this Qing Dynasty secret agent to "come to Burma to pick up the emperor." Among them, Zhang Xinhe, the backbone of the secret instigator of the last "takeover incident," was prominently listed.
Following the clues, the Intelligence Bureau took action again and arrested people one by one who were related to the spy in their confessions. Naturally, Zhang Xinhe, Qian Bangqi and other officials were not spared and were imprisoned for collaborating with the enemy.
This was a legitimate arrest and detention. Even if some people doubted the authenticity of the spies' confessions and believed that it was Zhu Yongxing's attempt to purge his dissidents, it was difficult to argue with. During the war years, there was almost no possibility of forgiveness for charges similar to "collaboration with the enemy."
"We must fight back, we must fight. Even if we die, we cannot sit idly by and ignore it." Zhang Jingzhi, a former member of the Ministry of Rites, shouted, waving his arms and spitting, extremely excited.
The matter is not as simple as catching a spy or a "collaborator" criminal. If the matter is settled, it will also link the return to the country with the conspiracy of the Qing court. If this relationship is established, how can we welcome him in the future?
, how can they return power to the emperor, restore the order of monarch and ministers, and restore the old system that they have adapted to long ago?
"Min Fan stayed behind for the imperial court, and this time there are confirmed charges. How can we fight against it?" An official shook his head helplessly and did not respond to Zhang Jingzhi.
"Although he is a stayer of the imperial court, he shows the appearance of a powerful minister, or he may have ambitions for a big position." Zhang Jingzhi shouted sternly: "Taking tampering with the ancestral system, misusing famous weapons, monopolizing power, and nepotism. This is a stayer of the imperial court.
Is this what we should do? If things go on like this, will it still be China that will drive out the Tartars and rebuild?"
"What we do is for the emperor and for China. It is an upright thing. We must follow an upright path. Even if we fail, we can still leave a clear name in the world. Future generations will also be encouraged by our actions. If we seek to do something serious,
But with a secret conspiracy, it will not only bring shame to our name, but even if it succeeds, it may ruin the good situation today." Wang Zhuohua, the former minister of the Ministry of Personnel, stood up and stated his point of view.
As one of the frustrated officials, Wang Zhuohua still has a relatively clear head and does not want to cause major changes. After all, the current situation in Nanming is hard-won. Moreover, he believes that doing business must take the right path.
He went down a wrong path from the beginning.
His views were obviously recognized by a large number of people. The royal supporters who came to the secret gathering at Zhao's house talked a lot and thought that this statement was reasonable.
Dissatisfaction with the New Deal or loyalty to the emperor made these people form a party. But for an upright scholar, there are some dark methods that they cannot agree with.
"You are worrying too much." Zhao Jingzhi showed a confident smile and said: "We, China, are not afraid of cannibalization. We are afraid of being swallowed up by whales. When Zhenzong negotiated peace with the Khitan, everyone slandered him for being cowardly. However, a hundred years later, the Khitan collapsed. Gaozong
The people negotiated peace with the Jurchens, but the people lamented their short-term ambitions. As a result, the Jurchens were defeated in less than a hundred years. The Tartars had already planned to cut off seven provinces and negotiated peace. I am afraid that the Tartars had gained a temporary advantage, but they would not be able to survive a hundred years. After a hundred years, China will have enough elites.
Fight and regain your homeland. If you insist on fighting, it will be difficult for Min Fan to succeed. And it will win the hearts of the people. What can you do?"
Historical facts have proven that the Hu people rose quickly and collapsed suddenly. To protect half of the seven southwestern provinces, we must first ensure that the emperor returns to power and eradicate the chaos caused by the New Deal. Suppressing the power of the Min Fan can restore the former status of the scholar-bureaucrats.
It is a very tempting strategy to recharge your batteries before pursuing a great career.
"I think this is feasible!" Someone began to discuss in a low voice again. After repeatedly calculating the serious gains and losses, they found that there was almost no risk to themselves.
"Did Mr. Zhao think of this matter too simply?" Wang Zhuohua still retorted: "The peace talks about cutting off the seven southwestern provinces are just rumors. There are no Tartar envoys and there is no decree from the Qing court. How can we believe it?"
"Even if you don't believe it, you can't allow Min Fan to disrupt Gangchang in the name of saving China. As disciples of a saint, how can we just ignore Gangchang's decline and the imperial power and be indifferent!" Zhao Jingzhi avoided the topic and spoke again.
They clamored: "The King of Jin is still here, and all the generals are from His Majesty Jin's old corps. You can recruit them with just one letter. Although King Yanping has passed away, all the soldiers and generals are still there, and Prince Zheng is deeply dissatisfied with Min Fan's delay in seizing the title."
"Xiao, with great righteousness, is willing to be loyal to the emperor, clear up the powerful ministers, and uphold the principles of the government. Speaking of Yunnan Province, the governor of Yunnan Province has received the emperor's favor and is the most loyal. He will also support us."
"We have received the great kindness of Long live, and we should be shattered into pieces to repay it! We must do justice and benevolence in one fell swoop. Taking advantage of the emptiness around Min Fan, if we can make a decision in one fell swoop, wouldn't we be able to gain a clear name for thousands of years?" One of Zhao Jingzhi's best friends took advantage of the situation and echoed.
, shouted impassionedly.
The atmosphere in the room gradually became more violent, with more and more responders, and the slight opposition was finally drowned in almost crazy words and plans.
……………
"The arm of a mantis is like a cart, and a fly is shaking a tree." When Zhu Yongxing first started to read the information submitted by Ye Hu, he was still frivolous. However, his face became darker and darker as he read it, and he couldn't help but snap at the crime and angrily said: "This person is so insane that he deserves to be killed."
The scholar rebellion failed in three years. Zhu Yongxing originally thought that these frustrated officials were just talking nonsense, but he did not expect to come up with such a vicious plan. He completely ignored the cause of resisting the Qing Dynasty. If he contacted the wily Zheng Jing
A young, yet impulsive guy, he might be able to threaten Guangzhou.
In fact, it is not an isolated case for officials of the Ming Dynasty to do similar unreasonable things. At that time, Sun Kewang, the king of Qin, took Chen Bangfu, the puppet Duke of Qing, and his son to the city to be skinned and executed. The censor Li Ruyue went to the court to impeach the king of Qin for "killing the lord without authorization and stealing."
"The treachery is the same as that of recklessness, please eliminate the national troubles; and also punish the state Fu with a bad posthumous title to punish the traitor." After Sun Kewang got the reward, he immediately sent people to Anlong to ask for orders to skin Li Ruyue according to Chen Bangfu's rules.
Grass.
As far as the matter itself is concerned, Chen Bangfu was the Duke of Qing in the Southern Ming Dynasty and was domineering and brought disaster to the people. When he surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, he failed to rob the country and trapped and killed Duke Jiao Lian of Xuan. He was a typical rebellious official and traitor, and everyone would punish him. Although Sun Kewang
The method of killing was somewhat cruel, but Li Ruyue still called Chen Bangfu, who had long surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, an "honored minister". Isn't this stupid? This incident was later greatly exaggerated by some feudal literati, who actually touted Li Ruyue as a loyal minister and righteous man.
This shows the shameless virtue of the Ming Dynasty literati officials.
Ye Hu didn't say anything. He originally disagreed with Zhu Yongxing's approach of killing only the leaders to frighten the rest. Seeing that Zhu Yongxing was so angry, he was secretly happy.
Zhu Yongxing walked back and forth in the room quickly, his mind slowly calming down. Killing was okay, but when it came to Jin Wang Li Dingguo, Yunnan Governor Nasong, and the Zheng family, there had to be a safe way.
"The officials who contacted King Jin and Nasong will not hold back for the time being and let them go, but they must strengthen surveillance." Zhu Yongxing sat back in his chair and regained his composure. "The rest of the officials will be detained. Try to operate as secretly as possible so as not to cause any trouble."
There was a great response. I immediately wrote to King Zhao and Duke Chang—well, as well as King Jin and Governor Nasong."
The corners of Zhu Yongxing's mouth turned up, revealing a sly smile, "The letters from King Jin and Governor Nasong will be delivered slowly, while those from King Zhao and Duke Chang will be delivered in a hurry. Do you understand?"
Ye Hu was stunned for a moment, then understood immediately and nodded repeatedly.