"Do you want to practice martial arts?" Zhu Yongxing pondered for a long time, smiled, and said: "Mr. Shunshui, with his extremely bright and handsome personality, extremely plain and profound knowledge, and extremely sincere and kind feelings, has had a great influence on the Japanese people. * If the Japanese people All citizens have become Confucian, and the greatest contribution belongs to Mr. Shunshui."
Korea and Japan have been deeply influenced by Chinese culture in history. It is not an exaggeration to even say that China is their cultural motherland, and that Chinese culture has nurtured the growth of their civilization. Needless to say, even in the Ming Dynasty, these countries He was also deeply influenced by the culture and ideas transmitted from China at that time.
For example, modern Japan was greatly influenced by Zhu Shunshui, a great scholar in the late Ming Dynasty. In the 200th year of Tokugawa, Japan as a whole became a Confucian nation. Later, Mitsukuni Tokugawa wrote a "History of Japan", which specifically stated the meaning of "respecting the king and unifying the country." After that, the Tokugawa returned to power, abolished the feudal lords and established counties, which became the great cause of the Meiji Restoration. Mitsukuni's book contributed the most, and Mitsukuni's studies were all influenced by Shunsui. Therefore, Shunshui was not only the benefactor of the Tokugawa Dynasty, but also the author of Mitsukuni. It also had a direct and fundamental impact on Japan's reform and development.
The so-called "respect for kings and unification" is similar to the idea of "great unification" in China's "Spring and Autumn Gongyang Zhuan". Whether it is Confucius's proposition that "rituals and music conquered from the emperor", praising respect for kings and fighting against barbarians in an attempt to save the division at that time, The political situation is chaotic; Mencius proposed that the world is "determined as one", and Xunzi proposed that "the four seas are like one family". The direct political purpose of their academic theories is to find a way to achieve national unity and social stability.
When interpreting "Spring and Autumn", the Gongyang School made a clear statement and put forward the theory of "great unification". The "big" here means "respecting the great". "Great unification" expressed in modern Chinese means "valuing the unity of the country." Over the years, this idea has had an immeasurable impact on maintaining national unity, social stability, and national unity.
As for what Zhu Shunshui said, "Narrowness in measurement and bias in intention may be a disaster for China in the future." While Zhu Yongxing admired his vision and meticulous observation, he had no plan to occupy the Japanese country. What is a disaster for China? It cannot afford civil strife and is not stupid. , backward, small Japanese country, barren and narrow. Do you dare to shake a tree with a cricket? In the final analysis, you still don’t live up to your expectations. Is it because of the Eight-Nation Allied Forces that you want to take advantage of the country’s strength to destroy all countries thousands of miles away? ?Is it because of the arrogance and tyranny of the American emperors in later generations that they still want to invade the South American continent?
"Long live the false praise, I am ashamed to deserve it." Zhu Shunshui had a good impression of the young new sage. In his words, he could see the new sage's temperament. He was neither arrogant nor discouraged, friendly, and knowledgeable. His vision was far-reaching. .
If it were not for the rich knowledge of later generations, he would never be the opponent of these great scholars. But Zhu Yongxing had other emotions in his heart. Present here were Wang Fuzhi, Zhu Shunshui, Huang Zongxi, Lu Liuliang, Yan Yuan, Fang Yizhi, Qian Qianyi, They are all famous academics and are famous in history.
These scholars were gathered not according to their reputation, but to see whether their theories were beneficial to Zhu Yongxing's reforms. Although the emperor who "keeps his words" and "gold words" could forcefully launch his own measures, he had to rely on public opinion and theory. To occupy a high position in the world, the support of these famous scholars is indispensable.
Yan Yuan. Confucian, thinker, educator, and founder of the Yan-Li school in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. He strongly criticized the 2,000-year-old education tradition that emphasized literature over practicality since the Han Dynasty and advocated practical learning. He believed that Yao, Shun, Zhou and Confucius were representatives of practical learning education. For example, Confucius's practical learning focused on studying practical activities. His disciples either practiced rituals, played the harp, or learned to dance, or asked about benevolence and filial piety, or talked about business, military and political affairs. This was beneficial to themselves and the world. However, Confucianism education in the Song Dynasty was the opposite. , the master is quiet and respectful, holding a book and sitting with eyes closed, just like a clay sculpture. In the lecture hall, the focus is on explaining and sitting quietly, reading or enlightening.
There are three harms to it: one is "bad talents". That is, the talents cultivated by Neo-Confucian education are as weak as women and have no knowledge of the world. This kind of education not only harms oneself, but also harms the country. The second is "destruction of sacred learning". He believes that
Neo-Confucianists only studied exegesis of chapters and sentences, annotations and readings, thus falling into a world of literature and ink. The state selects scholars, teachers teach, fathers and brothers prompt, and friends discuss, all based on words. This abandons the practical learning spirit of Yao, Shun, Zhou and Confucius.
.Especially after advocating the practice of stereotyped writing to recruit scholars, the harm will be even greater. The third is "bad luck". Confucianism in the Han and Song dynasties has corrupted academic and social atmosphere. Academics have completely become a word game, and the rulers even used the stereotyped writing in the imperial examination to control the academic and social atmosphere.
Scholars were trapped in words, which caused great harm. Social morality, economy, and the decline and exhaustion of talents were all related to this.
Wang Fuzhi, the greatest thinker and writer in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, was the spiritual source of Hunan culture. Together with Hegel, he was called the twin stars of Eastern and Western philosophy. He was the master of Chinese simple materialist thought and the forerunner of Chinese Enlightenment thought.
He is more concerned about real life, pays attention to practical investigation of society, and likes to ask others about things in all directions. As for the study of country, land, food economy, and rules and regulations, he is very interested in it and studies it with great concentration in order to apply it in the world.
, display your ambitions.
Zhu Zhiyu, also known as Shunshui, was a scholar and educator during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. His academic characteristics were to advocate "practical learning and application of knowledge" and believed that "the most important thing in learning is practice, and the learning of sages and sages is all in practice."
. When he discussed knowledge, he took practicality as the standard. The so-called practicality means that it is beneficial to one's own body and mind, and that it is beneficial to society. He said: "The way to learn is to focus on yourself in the near future, to benefit the world and the country, and not to make mistakes.
The spleen catches the wind and catches the shadow...Don't plagiarize and whitewash it and say to others, 'I am a Confucian'. If you can't make a decision in a dangerous and doubtful situation, if you can't win in a difficult and difficult challenge, how can you be a Confucian?"
Huang Zongxi was a man of many talents and erudition. He studied hundreds of classics and history, astronomy, arithmetic, music and interpretation, and Taoism. He especially made great achievements in history, and in terms of philosophy and political thought, he was a "people-oriented" person.
The person who came to criticize the monarchy system can be regarded as the first person to enlighten China. In terms of education, he believed that "learning is valuable and practice is important, and it is useful in the world." Schools were not established to educate scholars, let alone for imperial examinations, but for the sake of imperial examinations.
This is "all the tools for governing the world must come from schools, and then the intention to establish schools can be prepared."
At the same time, Huang Zongxi opposed the single imperial examination and advocated the use of multiple channels to recruit talents, and used the system to prevent the children of high-ranking officials from unfairly defeating civilians in the admission process by relying on the power of their elders. The admission targets were expanded to include petty officials, who would not learn from others.
(Including calendar calculation, music rhythm, prediction, fortune telling, firearms, water conservancy, etc.), people who write letters and comment on things, etc.
Lu Liuliang was an outstanding scholar, thinker, poet, literary critic, and publisher in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. He admired Zhu Xi since he was a child, and his writings were like Zhu Xi's. He was constantly troubled and good at reasoning; he studied poetry like Yang Wanli and Chen Shidao, and his affectionate and bitter words made him famous.
People feel sad. Deng Zhicheng, a recent scholar, said: "Based on poetry and prose, Zongzong and Xi are powerful enemies, but history is not as good as them."
Fang Yizhi was a famous philosopher and scientist in the Ming Dynasty. In academic circles, he had a rich academic background and learned from the strengths of others. He advocated the combination of Chinese and Western methods and the unification of the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. He had great influence on traditional Chinese natural sciences and the teachings introduced by Matteo Ricci and Xu Guangqi.
Western science has made descriptions and examinations, and divided the entire science and technology into three categories according to its objects: "Quality" (natural science), "Zili" (social science) and "Taoji" (philosophy), and also determined
Experts are invited to compile a comprehensive encyclopedia.
It can be seen that the first batch of famous Confucian scholars convened are similar or similar to Zhu Yongxing in academic theory: they either emphasize the "economic use of talents in the world", or expound on the harm of "eight-legged essay selection", or criticize Cheng Zhu
The dross of Neo-Confucianism even includes the Enlightenment thought of "constitutional monarchy".
Qian Qianyi, who was born in the front and returned to the right, still retains his position as the leader of the literary world. "Yu Shan is still there, and the history of the country is not dead yet", which shows the profoundness of his historiography.
In other words, these famous Confucian scholars may be Zhu Yongxing's reform power, and they are his warriors who want to occupy the position of public opinion. The influence and appeal of these people are more effective in some aspects than the imperial edict issued by him as the emperor.
We understand simple materialism! What are the two contradictory aspects, what changes from quantity to quality, what the world is composed of matter...
We also have ideas for a new talent selection mechanism! It is dedicated to the professional examination. If the civil service examination recruitment is changed in future generations, it should also be suitable for now, right?
We have a more thoughtful idea of "constitutional monarchy" than Huang Zongxi, and we can even cite the British example!
The economic model is to develop agriculture, industry and commerce simultaneously. It is more detailed than Huangli Prefecture's "both industry and commerce"! We understand that accumulation can never be reversed. We can "open up sources" to increase farmers' income. In terms of "reducing expenditures", we can reduce taxes and streamline bureaucracy.
Institutions and other measures; as for the shortcomings of taxing and levying silver, we also have plans to change it: first, continue to develop banks and eliminate the exploitation of profiteers when exchanging silver; second, set up a private impartial institution to set prices to collect physical goods.
As for education, a century-old plan, of course, we need to invest heavily. However, based on the current finances and the situation of the war, we still have to prioritize the popularization of village education. As for those who want to continue their studies, they can only work hard on their own. In order to facilitate self-study
, the country can squeeze out funds to build libraries, and also encourage wealthy people to donate money, give the library a name, set up a statue in front of the library, etc. There should be many people who want to leave a name in history, right?
As for these famous scholars, this young emperor gave them a great shock, or a surprise. For them, a saint descending from heaven is a matter of "the son has no words, strange power and chaos". But this little-known
The descendants of the Zhu family, who were distantly related to the clan, made them believe that Taizu had a spirit and God had eyes to give birth to such a Zhongxing Yingzhu.
Hanlin Academy, bachelor's degree. These are not irresistible temptations for them, but the country will rise and the Tartars will be destroyed, but they feel sincerely happy and excited.
Suppressing a group of scholars and promoting a group of scholars, this scholar is not that scholar. Zhu Yongxing wanted to use this to set an example, what kind of doctrine is liked by the court, what kind of scholar, Confucianism, is
What the country really needs.
…………..
It has been several months since the new emperor ascended the throne. Although he has not achieved exciting military results, the tone of the Northern Expedition has been singing high. He issued war bonds, issued a ban on grain and wine, replenished recruits, and purchased supplies... No one
I doubt the Northern Expedition, it's just a matter of time.
Although it is temporarily in a state of accumulating strength, domestic and foreign affairs are showing vitality and effectiveness. People's lives have gradually stabilized under the preferential policies of tax reduction and tax reduction. A large amount of registered unowned land has been collected, and Manchu government land has been distributed to contribute to the war.
Or the enthusiasm inspired by hardworking and willing people has led to a substantial increase in the amount of cultivated land.
Especially in diplomacy, after the Japanese saw that the Ming Dynasty had revived and had certain advantages in the war, they gave the Ming Dynasty commercial and trade privileges, which were greater than those of the Dutch. Although North Korea has not yet raised the banner of anti-Qing, in fact
However, he gave a lot of help. Jeju Island was temporarily lent to the Ming army to raise horses and form an army, and he did his best to buy horses and provide food and grass for the Ming Dynasty.
"North Koreans have always had a broad identity for the Ming Dynasty. This identity not only connects their country with the Ming Empire, but also deeply connects the Korean kingdom with the culture that symbolizes the Ming Empire."
This was by no means a "big deal" strategy. At that time, the Koreans did have a lot of admiration for China. In the Ming Dynasty, they came to China again and again for pilgrimage. The records of the envoys and their entourage are usually called "
"Chaotian Lu", in the two words "Chaotian", there is not only political surrender, economic tribute, but also cultural centripetal.
Historically, even Choi Pu, a Korean scholar who accidentally drifted across the sea and came to China unexpectedly, when answering the inquiries of Manchu officials, repeatedly stated that Korea truly regarded the Ming Empire as its suzerainty, asking: "
Does your king call himself the emperor?" The minister replied: "There are no two days in the sky. How can there be two emperors under one day? My king is sincere and his mission is great." He asked: "What method does your country use? Is there a different reign name?
?" The minister said: "The year name and the laws must be in accordance with the Ming Dynasty."
In the picture painted by many Chinese, the peak period of China's cultural and ideological golden age was in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and then it continued to regress. The darkness and ugliness presented by the Manchu and Qing Dynasties was just a continuation of this retrogressive historical trend.
.rather than fulfilling one’s own responsibilities.
On the surface, these Chinese people do not completely deny the inherent cultural ideas of their country, and sometimes even appear as ardent advocates. However, the essence of this view is to cut off the inherent blood of Chinese culture and fail to see the importance of Chinese culture and ideas.
The process of continuous evolution in the long river of history has vilified the Chinese cultural thoughts before the Manchus entered the customs into something that continues to degenerate and become decayed and loses its vitality.
This view, which seems to respect Chinese culture, actually vilifies Chinese culture. Because of its confusing nature, the harm it brings may be even greater.
The origin of this view is either due to ignorance and failure to fully understand the extent to which the Manchu rule distorted and castrated Chinese culture. Or it may be that the Manchu rulers are consciously exonerating the blame for their crimes! Its essence is still to make Chinese culture distort and castrate Chinese culture.
The Manchu Qing rulers took the blame.
Under the rule of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, not only the Chinese people became ignorant, poor, numb, and rigid, but the Chinese dream of many foreigners was also shattered. The dilapidation of reality in China that Philosopher Uno saw began when he set foot on Chinese soil in Tanggu.
, I have seen everything at a glance, "I landed in Tanggu. The first thing I saw was very regrettable and not a pleasant thing. The houses built along the river are all very short mud houses. Needless to say, the walls. Even the roofs are wild.
It is painted with mud. It is the dry season of winter, and the wilderness is endless and desolate. It is no wonder that the houses in Tanggu were mistaken for pig pens."
Moreover, during the Qing Empire, Koreans felt from the bottom of their hearts that when they came to China, they were not coming to pay homage to the emperor, but just going to Yandu on business. Most of the envoys' travel diary names were changed from "Chaotian" to "Chaotian".
Yan Xing".
Although they came to congratulate them respectfully, they were full of resentment in their hearts. An envoy named Han said in the fifty-second year of Kangxi that he was not willing to go to the Qing Dynasty to be humiliated, but for the sake of the king, he really
It is a last resort. "Traveling around foreign lands, seeing ugly people every day, being exhausted, suffering endless pain, being beaten in a court of smelly smells, kneeling and knocking on dogs and sheep, it is no longer possible to win, it is so great." He feels that this is because "China
"Cultural relics have been in decline for a long time", and I still recall the Ming Dynasty in my heart.
After seeing through the folk customs of the Qing Empire, he looked down on the Korean envoys of the Qing Dynasty from the beginning, and even more contemptuous. For example, Xu Changfu, who went to Beijing as an envoy in 1803, came to the conclusion: "The rules of the Qing Dynasty in establishing a country
, most of them lead the customs to animals, and lead the people of the world to be stupid..."
Although these foreigners hate and despise the Manchus, and even believe that "there will be no China after the Ming Dynasty," their respect for China in history, especially the China in the Ming Dynasty, has not changed at all. On the contrary, after hundreds of years, it has also grown.
Still intense.
But after the Manchu rule ended, they realized that the Manchus they despised were still the object of praise and praise in China. On the contrary, the object of their respect and adoration was completely vilified and insulted in China.
In those days, Kangxi, who even wrote his reign name in North Korea felt it was humiliating and would not do it even though he was "lowly", was actually worshiped as the Holy Lord and Mingjun in China, and this was a situation where the power of the Manchu butcher's knife did not exist; and they
For hundreds of years, the Wanli Emperor and Chongzhen Emperor, who included emotional and solemn sacrifices, were described as sick scum in China. The Ming Dynasty China that they once truly admired was described as dark by the Chinese themselves.
Under such circumstances, I am afraid that even they themselves will feel ashamed. It turns out that the people we respect so much are still vilified as shit in China, even though the Han people have got rid of oppression, so we should continue to respect them.
, and even admitted that the Chinese helped us at that time, then we can only say that we ourselves are too despicable.
It can be said that for the sake of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, China wantonly trampled and trampled on its own culture and arbitrarily criticized and denied it; for the sake of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, China arbitrarily vilified and slandered its own history. Since China itself likes to trample and trample itself and like to vilify and slander itself, what else can it do?
Ask other ethnic groups and other countries to respect China?
Is it self-abuse? In this way, the heroes who deserve to be praised and respected are slandered and vilified, and the tyrant beasts who invaded and slaughtered themselves are praised and worshiped by China.
Such a nation that does not respect its own history, does not respect its own culture, and such a nation that worships invaders and massacres, even if its strength rises and becomes stronger for a while, it will only be like the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and will be feared on the surface and feared in the heart by other nations.
Disgusted and despised! (To be continued, please search Piaotian Literature, the novel is better and updated faster!