In January of the Jiashen year, Li Zicheng led the Dashun army out of Shaanxi Province to conquer Beijing. In just two or three months, with the help of military power and popular support, he quickly occupied a large area of the entire Yellow River Basin and part of the Yangtze River Basin, and ruled
The area includes the entire territory of Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, and parts of Hubei, Jiangsu, and Anhui.
Jiang Quan, the commander-in-chief of Datong, Wang Chengyin, the commander-in-chief of Xuanfu, Du Zhizhi, the eunuch who oversees the army, Tang Tong, the commander-in-chief, Qiu Maohua, the governor of Zhending, Xie Sufu, the guerrilla, and Li Jiantai, the academician, etc., all surrendered without a fight. The list can be long.
It was very long. It can be said that during the Eastern Expedition of the Dashun Army, there were no fierce battles. Moreover, the strength of the Dashun Army when it went out was less than 100,000. After arriving in the capital, its strength increased several times.
At the end of the dynasty, people's hearts were scattered! As a foreign race, the Manchus could not ignore the repeated and inconsistent intentions of Han officials and generals. Moreover, the lessons learned from the Jiashen year must be taken into account.
The uprising of Cai Lu in Huaiqing was a wake-up call for the Qing government, so that it did not dare to easily mobilize the Eight Banners in the capital. This was because it was not only Han officials and generals who might have disloyal intentions, but also some Mongolian tribes.
We must be careful, among them is Chahar Mongolia.
The Chahar Tribe is a direct descendant of the Yuan and Mongolia, and later a branch of Monan Mongolia. Since the rise of the Hou Jin Dynasty, they have been enemies with them. It was not until the ninth year of Tiancong that Dorgon of Huang Taiji sent an expedition to end the long-term confrontation.
In the eighth year of Tiancong, Huang Taiji united with other Mongolian tribes to personally conquer the Chahar tribe many times. The tribe was finally defeated. The leader Lin Danhan fled to Qinghai with his troops and died of illness on the way. The next year, Dorgon pursued the tribe again, and Lin Dan
The Khan's wife and son had to surrender and presented the jade seal passed down from the Yuan Dynasty.
After Huang Taiji surrendered to the Chahar tribe, he and his brothers and nephews took in the female relatives of Lin Dan Khan and enriched their own backyard. In order to appease the Chahar tribe, Huang Taiji took his second daughter, the eldest daughter of Queen Xiaoduan
Princess Marota of Wenzhuang married Erke Konggor Ezhe, the eldest son of Lindan Khan. The wedding was very grand. Later, Ezhe was given the title of prince and a mansion was built for them.
On the one hand, the Qing court used soft and tender policies to win over Chahar, but on the other hand, it took many political measures to control Chahar. For example, it granted him the title of prince, but did not give Zashak power, and the court unified him.
The management of flag affairs is based on the principle of "separation of power and nobility, direct management, registration of cavalry, and removal of excessive military power".
But because of his status as a direct descendant of the Yuan Empire, Chahar had always dreamed of restoring the Mongol Empire. How could he be willing to surrender to the Qing Dynasty? Ezhe was relatively content with his duties, but soon fell ill and died, leaving only one
The infant daughter.
Four years later, the widowed Princess Wenzhuang was ordered to marry Ezhe's younger brother Abunai. With them, they gave birth to two sons: Burni and Luobuzang. Even so, Abunai was obviously not like her brother Ezhe.
Zhe was so submissive, but the noble bloodline he inherited from Genghis Khan made him unruly and unwilling to become a slave of the Qing Dynasty. He began to redefine his authority in his tribe and began to gradually break away from the control of the Qing Dynasty.
, even when the princess was alive, she tried her best not to cooperate with the Qing Dynasty.
During the two major events of Shunzhi's death and Kangxi's ascension to the throne, Abna did not go there, neither to pay homage nor to pay homage. Perhaps it was because of Princess Wenzhuang's favor. Or perhaps because the war continued, the Qing government did not make any
What action.
When Princess Wenzhuang, who had been trapped in the cracks for a long time, was finally overwhelmed and passed away early, Abnai felt refreshed and finally got rid of the shackles of the court. So he quickly renewed his relationship and buried her with her
The treasures given to the princess were also used to make his newly married Fujin happy. He even gave the youngest son born to the princess to his eldest son who had separated from the family to raise him, not wanting to see him. In other words, from then on he was completely different from the Qing Dynasty.
Break away, draw a clear line, and never perform Hajj again.
But Abnai's eldest son, Burni, did not arouse hatred because his father did not raise his younger brother. He had more dreams and ambitions than his father. Abnai was still enjoying himself, but he began to accumulate strength and gain momentum.
The changes in the Chahar tribe were learned just when the Qing court was busy fighting against the Ming army. Although Princess Wenzhuang passed away, she still had many family members who were married to her. Xin Zhu, the housekeeper of Princess Wenzhuang's mansion, dispatched
His younger brother secretly rushed to the capital to report the news, asking the Qing government to take precautions.
"Abu Nai has no courtesy as a vassal and is disrespectful. He should be punished by death and be removed from the royal title and not allowed to inherit his title."
"The people acquired by the Abna clan during the expedition were treated with great kindness. Compared with the inner kings and the outer Mongolian kings, they were just as good as the others. But the outer kings, Beile and others, came to say hello every year, and every year came.
In the past eight years, Abnai has been so ungrateful that he has not invited me once. Not to mention personally asking the Empress Dowager and me, how do you feel about the youngest son born to the princess, and Abnai also gave it to the eldest son of the separated family?
?Such circumstances should be subject to strict investigation and deliberation by the feudal court."
"Abnai has not made any changes, but his son Burni is very ambitious and ready to attack. He should be punished to serve as a warning to others."
"The war in Shandong has not yet been decided, and there is another rebellion in Huaiqing. At this time, we should appease the Chahar tribe and not touch it lightly."
"If we want to pacify Chahar, only the Eight Banners can be adjusted, leaving the capital empty, which is the worst strategy."
"The Chahar tribe has not yet made any move. If we send troops to conquer at this time, we will have no name and may arouse suspicion from other Mongolian tribes."
…………
The Qing court was hesitant about how to deal with the Chahar tribe due to differences. The main reason was that it did not have sufficient troops and it was difficult to free up its hands under the pressure of the Ming army. At the same time, the Qing court also because the mother of Princess Jianning was a Chahar tribe.
He was born in China, and suspected that the Ming Dynasty was colluding with the Chahar tribe.
However, under the current predicament of being in need of food, wages, and troops everywhere, not only could they take precautions against Chahar, but they also temporarily shelved the plan to ban the Eight Banners to reinforce Shandong. Now, the Qing court began to realize that it would be difficult to sustain the current war situation for a long time.
And intends to carry out a new round of strategic contraction.
In order to prevent the strategic contraction from being regarded as a disastrous defeat, the Qing government decided to reopen peace negotiations. The negotiation conditions set were to use the Huaihe River as the boundary, but the Ming army must withdraw its troops from Shandong. The entire line retreated across the Yellow River as the final bottom line.
Obviously, the Manchu Qing felt that exchanging the vast area between the Yellow River and the Yangtze River for the Jiaodong Peninsula that had been occupied by the Ming army was a huge concession.
As long as it can be stabilized, even temporarily, the Qing government will have the opportunity to eliminate internal troubles, rest and fight again. At the same time, strategic contraction can make the military more concentrated, which is also quite beneficial to defense. Anyway, from the perspective of the Manchus, this makes
The land that goes out is not your own, just like Dorgon said at the beginning, "If you get an inch, you will get an inch, and if you get a foot, you will get an ear."
In fact, this mentality lasted until the end of the Qing Dynasty in history. They ceded territories and paid indemnities without caring, because the Manchus always regarded the land of China they ruled as an unexpected gain. They were happy to gain but not sad to lose. The Manchus were also not happy
Treat the Han people as real people, but as their own slaves. Didn’t Cixi once say, “I would rather give gifts to friends than domestic slaves”! (To be continued)