At this moment, Zhu Yuanzhang also understood why He Xi put fiscal reform first.
Because nothing can be done without money.
He Xi took a sip of tea to moisten his throat and said: "The three provinces and six departments in the central government have been passed down for hundreds of years, but they are no longer sufficient. There are many things in the world. If they are managed one by one, the six departments are not enough at all. Another department must be established.
In my opinion, we need to establish about a dozen departments to be able to manage everything."
Zhu Yuanzhang said: "I would like to hear the details."
He Xi said: "If nothing else, just develop industry, which ministry should this matter belong to?"
Zhu Yuanzhang just wanted to say the Ministry of Works. But among the four departments of the Ministry of Works: Yingxiu, Yuheng, Dushui, and Tuntian, none of them was in charge of industry. Zhu Yuanzhang said: "I can set up a department under the Ministry of Works.
"
He Xi said: "Your Majesty's method is not impossible. But in this way, there will be too many division-level departments under the six ministries. Firstly, the six ministers may not be busy. Secondly, your majesty, do you really think this is good?"
Zhu Yuanzhang pondered for a moment and said, "Let's stop now."
In fact, Zhu Yuanzhang's idea is not necessarily bad. These problems can also be solved by making the departments under the Six Ministries independent and becoming semi-independent department-level departments. But there is a problem of checks and balances of power.
Is it better for these newly added powers to be subordinate to the Six Ministers or to be independent?
Considering the relationship between power checks and balances, which one is more easily controlled by the superiors.
These are more complicated. He Xi has no thinking at all. At least He Xi's thinking cannot be compared with Zhu Yuanzhang. The system established by Zhu Yuanzhang can be passed down for more than 600 years. Although there are many repairs, the overall framework has not changed much.
This is enough to illustrate a problem.
Zhu Yuanzhang had an excellent understanding of the structure of checks and balances of power.
At this moment, Zhu Yuanzhang understood that the problem that He Xi wanted the center to solve was to add various departments to deal with industrial development. But what to do, the plan given by He Xi was too rough.
Zhu Yuanzhang said: "What other ideas do you have in this regard?"
He Xi's lips moved slightly and said: "I don't think too deeply here, that's all I can think of."
Actually it doesn't.
If there is one thing in this world that He Xi dislikes the most, it is the emperor.
It's not that Zhu Yuanzhang is not good to He Xi, nor is it that the Zhu family is bad to He Xi. It's not that He Xi has any objections to Zhu Yuanzhang. It's that He Xi naturally doesn't want the power of life and death to be in the hands of others.
This kind of political environment was intolerable to He Xi.
Therefore, although he was enemies with many scholar-bureaucrats, he had an idea in his heart, that is, he hoped that the emperor would rule the world by hanging down his clothes. Even if the emperor was not a constitutional monarch and became a mascot, at least it would allow the Ming Dynasty to become a so-called enlightened monarch.
autocratic.
He Xi admired Zhu Yuanzhang himself, but he actually didn't like the fact that there were too many autocratic elements in Zhu Yuanzhang's rule.
Even if He Xi is about to become Zhu Yuanzhang's son-in-law.
Because there is no one who is willing to live in fear every day in the shadow of being killed at any time.
But He Xi thought about these words for a while but did not say them after all. Because he did not know what the consequences would be. However, it did not prevent him from actually being prepared in his heart.
Unknowingly, He Xi has formed and matured. The innocence and immaturity that just came to Ming Dynasty has gradually transformed.
Zhu Yuanzhang said: "Then what is the last modernization?"
He Xi said: "The last modernization is academic modernization. Zeng Guofan once said that the first thing to do is to find a replacement. That is, no matter what time, you must first find someone who can inherit your own ideas. Because people will always
You will grow old when you die. Therefore, it is particularly important to find someone who can replace you."
"Academic modernization, in my opinion, consists of three aspects."
"First, restore the six arts. In fact, the most important among the six arts is mathematics. The so-called six arts are etiquette, music, archery, imperialism, calligraphy, and mathematics."
"There is no need to mention etiquette, but music has been lost. Although shooting is important, firearms will become more popular in the future. It can be changed to shooting, and chariot can be changed to riding or driving. There is no need to mention books. Only mathematics. If it only represents a practical
Mathematics is just addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. But in terms of development, mathematics is the mother of science. Mathematics is indispensable in science."
"Mathematics is also reflected in the six arts. I am trying to restore the six arts and then promote mathematics. Let mathematics become the world's most prominent science. Introduce mathematics into actual production and scientific research, and brew the emergence of science."
"Second, organize the national heritage."
"Your Majesty, do you know the "Yongle Dadian"?"
Zhu Yuanzhang naturally knew, nodded and said: "Of course I know."
He Xi said: "The "Yongle Dadian" is certainly important, but I think it is not enough. The "Yongle Dadian" only preserves the secret knowledge of the past saints, but does not introduce the new. There is a school in the West, the Encyclopedia School. These scholars have participated in encyclopedias
The revision of the entire book has exerted a huge influence."
"Chinese civilization has a long history. In fact, many of the ideas of later generations have their origins in ancient times. However, due to the exclusive respect for Confucianism, the development of many other aspects has been restricted. And the issue of books, many ideas are also in the pile of old papers. The development of science and technology in later generations
. I collected them one by one. For example, there is a poem by Wei Zhuang. The streets trampled all the bones of the ministers, and the inner treasury was burned into beautiful ashes. It can be said that Wei Zhuang was the best in his life. But I am sure that your Majesty asked the bachelors around him.
I don’t know. Because it was discovered in the Buddhist scripture cave of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang later.”
"It has long been lost in the world."
"When the Yuan Dynasty and the Song Dynasty were destroyed, I don't know how many books were lost. How many schools of thought were lost. Your Majesty, if you want to develop new ideas, the best way is to use the past to create new ones. Therefore, in the name of repairing the canon, we collected
The world collects books and then organizes them. Integrate modern academic thoughts into them and introduce new ones."
"This is my duty to organize the country's heritage."
In fact, the idea of sorting out the national heritage was not what He Xi thought of. However, He Xi's greatest wealth is the ideas of many later generations of philosophers. Although they may seem like a few simple words, they are the crystallization of the wisdom of many people.
"Okay. Great." Zhu Yuanzhang's eyes were shining, and he could hardly contain his excitement.
Zhu Yuanzhang listened to He Xi's many ideas. Only this idea caught Zhu Yuanzhang's heart the most. The reason is very simple. Everything else requires a big fight. If many things are not done well, it may even trigger a rebellion.
It's not as simple as He Xi's upper lip touching his lower lip.
In Zhu Yuanzhang's view, it is a matter of repeated review and long-term planning.
Only this incident solved Zhu Yuanzhang's current problem.
Zhu Yuanzhang's biggest problem now is the distrust between the emperor and his ministers.
Zhu Yuanzhang understood very well that there must be a dominant idea in governing a country, which can be said to be an ideology. Although Zhu Yuanzhang is talented and strategic, he is not a scholar after all. In this regard, he cannot create his own set of theories.
This is why Zhu Yuanzhang was particularly fond of Mr. Mao’s theories and wanted to ponder them over and over again.
Because not everyone can do it, the master and the master are one.
Zhu Yuanzhang actually did not like the ideas upheld by these civil servants. It was precisely because of this dislike that Song Lian, Song Ne, and Liu Sanwu, who were regarded as gentlemen by the scholar-bureaucrats, were all incorruptible ministers and the pillars of the country.
.But he was not well received by Zhu Yuanzhang.
Without him, the Tao is different, and there is no mutual conspiracy.
It's strange that they can look into each other's eyes.
But before, he didn't know what he wanted, and he didn't have the ability to create a theory. He just endured it. He was ready to compromise. Although he was not satisfied, he had no choice. Now Mr. Mao's thoughts have given Zhu Yuanzhang a choice
.But Zhu Yuanzhang was not satisfied with Mr. Mao’s thoughts.
I'm really dissatisfied. There is no place for the emperor in Mr. Mao's thoughts.
But it doesn’t matter. The book "Das Kapital" points out the shortcomings of capitalism, but it does not prevent capitalists from learning to make money.
It's just that Mr. Mao's ideas can only be used by him after transformation.
But how to reform it is something Zhu Yuanzhang has been thinking about. But He Xi's idea of repairing the national heritage, in fact, was a clever idea.
Apart from anything else, if this matter is placed on the imperial court, it will be passed without Zhu Yuanzhang's push at all. Because it is so consistent with the trend of thought during the Hongwu period.
What is the trend of thought? It is Fu Han.
In many aspects, Zhu Yuanzhang was cleaning up the legacy of the Hu people and restoring the Han style. In terms of clothing, etiquette, carriages, weapons, etc., he restored the style of the Han and Tang Dynasties. Even in the regulations and systems, he obviously imitated the style of the Han and Tang Dynasties.
And He Xi's idea of organizing the national heritage is obviously in line with today's trend. It is something that can be used out of the box. It is much more useful than those flashy things.
He Xi said: "Your Majesty, I admire you very much."
Zhu Yuanzhang said: "What else?"
He Xi said: "Actually, the last point is education. It's just that education costs too much. It is estimated that it will take a hundred years. So I will just say one thing: establish a complete education system, from elementary school to county school and government school.
, all the way to the learning system of the Imperial College. Unified teaching materials. When it becomes popular in the future, no matter what you do, the first thing is to get people. Only by getting people can you do things well. And how do talents come? They are naturally cultivated. If
One day in the Ming Dynasty, there will be no illiterates. The national strength of the Ming Dynasty is naturally different from what it is today."
After Zhu Yuanzhang heard this, he also yearned for it.
In fact, Zhu Yuanzhang paid the most attention to literacy. During the Hongwu period, many social schools were established, which were rural schools. However, after Zhu Yuanzhang's death, these social schools gradually declined.
Without him, the common people are both the most ignorant and the most intelligent.
Of course, when they think there is no way out from studying, they are naturally unwilling to spend money to learn a few words. As for why this is the case? It can only be said that the idea that it is difficult to produce a noble son from a poor family, and that studying is useless is not new today.
History is always similar, but it is not a simple repetition. This chapter has been completed!