Chapter 45. The embarrassment of the Northeast Army,
The year 1934 came slowly. Today is the first day of the Lunar New Year. Jiang Qiang gave red envelopes to Tingting and his younger brothers and sisters. After setting off firecrackers in the morning, he started making breakfast for Tingting and the others. Then Jiang Qiang
Bing and Qian Dafa have already gone out to play. Jiang Qiang is twenty-two years old this year, and Tingting is also an eighteen-year-old girl.
Tingting was thinking, these 18 years of youth have been passed through in the journey of life. It is really a heavy rain of youth. It has awakened me how to face this world that "I think is exaggerated", and also made me catch a cold.
, some people have played a serious role in my cold, and some... it's just the sneeze I made, which is nothing! Sometimes when brushing my teeth, I carefully look at the toothpaste washed away by the water, and suddenly
I sighed with emotion, are we so-called really just children? As children, we must always listen to our elder brothers in everything. When they were children, they also listened to their parents. At that time, I
There is an urge to run away from home in my mind. Is it true that without the assistance of a parachute, we cannot land safely? Is it true that a person can only truly grow up after going through a rebellious period? As for the "toothpaste foam" that will eventually float to
Wherever it goes, it only depends on whether it can overcome difficulties and obstacles on the way forward.
Before I turned 18, I would always tell others: "Take one step and see what happens!" However, when I turned 18, I was always worried about other people's lives. Others said I was very childish. Is that true, or am I just a
Immature children. When they are facing graduation, they really lament what kind of process the past three years have been. There are no gorgeous words to describe it, so they can only barely respond by doing it plainly. The word "graduation" is crossed out 11 times, which means that after this
We are all "loners". Just these "1" and "1" strokes carry so much joy and bitterness for us. It is said that people who look happy and warm on the surface are often the ones suffering the most.
, then, the most tortured person in the world is youth. On this road, some people have failed, but if it is an effort without struggle, it is a failure without excuse. Compared with these people, I am more willing to go
Try to do something that is not something you can do. Behind my back, someone has been "shooting arrows", and I sometimes "shoot" them back without warning. Everyone understands the principle of "step back and the sky will be brighter", including
I am neither a saint nor a fool. Knowing this, I will regard the good aspects of those people as a standard point, because I know that this is not the scene of young people. I am who I am, and I am the master of ups and downs.
Brother, you can't run away. You are my man, Tingting, for the rest of her life. I don't care if you are a lump in the tree or not. If you don't get it, I will get it for you. In two years, I will take the initiative. See you there
Whether you marry me now or not, you will be my Qian Tingting’s man for life, haha. At this time, Jiang Qiang looked at Tingting and smiled sometimes, then became sullen, and asked Tingting what are you thinking about, Tingting
I blushed just because I missed you, this little pimple. He said, blushed and walked away. Jiang Qiang thought, let’s wait until you are older. You are still young now, hey.
At this time, Japanese Foreign Minister Hirota Koki published the Japan-China Amity Theory. Foreign Minister Hirota Koki published the Japan-China Amity Theory in January 1934 during the 67th Ordinary Diet session, and a few days later issued the statement "There will be no war during my tenure."
"Assertion. In October of the same year, the government proposed to the Chinese Ambassador to Japan the three principles for China as a prerequisite for cooperation between Japan and China (stop the anti-Japanese movement, recognize Manchukuo, and prevent redization). This year is the 30th anniversary of the Russo-Japanese War, and Japan
Retrospective commemorative activities full of pride and patriotic sentiments have been held across the country. Political activist Kiryu Yuyu commented: "These activities are spectacular and happy, but compared with this happiness, we should not forget the unhappiness of Soviet Russia.
"From this point of view, the adjustment of Hirota's China policy will not really have the effect of coordinating relations. But when comparing Hirota's policy with the military policy, the coordination of Hirota's diplomacy is an objective fact.
The reason why I say this is because the Military Ministry criticizes the policy of active coordination with China as "weak diplomacy". Their position is to resolutely punish those who do not cooperate with Japan and the anti-Japanese movement. The problem is that the coordination diplomacy mentioned by Hirota does not stand on the side of Japan.
It is better to say that it is "Japan's independent diplomacy towards China" based on the position of equality between China and China. This is its essence. That is: maintaining peace and order in East Asia is the responsibility of Japan as a whole, and the great powers should also recognize this. The great powers cannot be allowed to degrade
China's dependence on Japan, or the use of economic and technical assistance to intentionally drive China away from Japan and towards independence. In this understanding, there is not much difference between Hirota and the Military Ministry, so Hirota did not separate from the Military Ministry to implement independent diplomacy
It was his tragedy to be led along by the military regarding policies.
In 1934, the Ministry of War published an article titled "The Original Meaning of National Defense and Proposals for Strengthening National Defense" in the name of the News Class, stating that "This article is a companion piece to "Leap Forward Japan and the Pressure of the Great Powers" and aims to clarify the true meaning of national defense.
It advocates strengthening national defense capabilities, thereby urging citizens to be mentally prepared to deal with extraordinary situations." The content is divided into: re-study of the concept of national defense; the significance of war; war is the father of creation and the mother of culture. The article is written by Nagata
The military affairs director-general reviewed the cabinet and was issued with the approval of Prime Minister Hayashi Jujuro. The pamphlet has a total of forty-six pages, with appendices. The pamphlet advocates the establishment of a "national defense nation" through a legal movement to transform the country. It is completely a political declaration to induce public opinion.
It is also a political movement, advocating that war with the international community is the fate of the Japanese nation under the realistic background of international isolation, emphasizing the legitimacy of withdrawing from the League of Nations and the Disarmament Conference, abrogating disarmament treaties, and expressing support for the Navy's actions
.Advocates that Japan is currently in an emergency period, and in order to adapt to the "extraordinary period of the world", building a "national defense nation" is a top priority. As the background of the times when this pamphlet was issued, the army and navy at that time tried their best to exaggerate the so-called "crisis of 1935 and 1936"
"The paper claims that Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations will take effect two years after it is announced, and an arms race will begin due to the abolition of disarmament treaties. At the same time, the Soviet Union's second five-year plan will be completed, and its military strength will begin to grow. These factors will allow Japan to withdraw from the League of Nations in 1935 or
Faced with a crisis in 1936, it was emphasized that in order to overcome the crisis, not only the military, but also all political circles, official circles, financial circles, and all classes, the whole society must unite as one. The compass needle of the Japanese giant ship imminently points to "unity of the military and financial circles" and "unity of the whole country"
, the direction of "National Mobilization". What should be mentioned here is that around the same period, the Navy issued an order "Public Opinion Guidance Essentials and Methods for Preparatory Negotiations for the Showa 10th Annual Naval Disarmament Conference", instructing the official to work hard to educate the people
There is nothing to fear in promoting the abolition of the legality of the two disarmament treaties in Washington and London and engaging in an arms race.
What I didn't expect was that the Japanese army was preparing to attack Rehe in a few days. Rehe Province is located north of the Great Wall and borders Liaoning, Hebei, Chahar and other provinces. After the September 18th Incident, Rehe Province became the remnant of the Northeast Army and the Northeast Anti-Japanese War.
The rear base of the Volunteer Army. Since when the Puppet Manchukuo was established, the so-called "Declaration of the Founding of Manchukuo" stated that the four northeastern provinces north of the Great Wall and outside the Pass were the so-called "Manchukuo" legal territory, and Rehe was the puppet country.
Part of the regime. The Japanese army was stationed outside the Great Wall, and the situation of occupying Rehe and marching directly to Peiping was quite obvious. As long as they occupied Rehe, the Japanese army could choose a shorter route besides Shanhaiguan and march south to Peiping.
Rehe itself has the Great Wall as a barrier to the south, the Sukeshelu Mountains to the west, and the Songling Mountains to the southeast and is connected to Jinzhou, an important town in western Liaoning. When the puppet Manchukuo regime emerged in 1931, the Declaration of the Founding of the People's Republic of China stated that Rehe was Manchuria.
Part of the country's legal territory. At 7:00 pm on July 11, 1933, Kwantung Army special commissioner Ishimoto Goshiro was arrested. Japan used this incident to launch a large-scale invasion, which was compared to the second Nakamura Incident. Governor of Jehol Province
Tang Yulin promised to rescue Shi Ben quickly. On July 13, the First Division of the Western Liaoning Volunteer Army and the 19th and 20th Brigade of the Northeast Frontier Defense Force fought with the 1st Shaoda Brigade of the Japanese 20th Division Headquarters. The Northeastern Army was defeated and retreated to Fuxin in Jehol.
Near Xinqiu. The Japanese army has been spying on the Xinqiu coal mine resources for a long time. Because the original Fengtian government refused to get involved, it was not able to exploit it. After the September 18th Incident, the Japanese repeatedly tried to build a railway from Xinlitun Town to Xinqiu. The Japanese army used Manchuria as a puppet
In the name of Japan, Tang Yulin, the governor of Rehe Province, sent a representative to Beipiao for a meeting. At the meeting, the Japanese side put forward three demands to induce Tang Yulin to rebel. In order to maintain his rule over Rehe, Tang Yulin attempted to surrender to the enemy. Zhang Xueliang called Tang Yulin back.
The representative sent by Yulin ordered to categorically reject the Japanese request, forcing Tang Yulin to give up the fight.
In early February, the Japanese army stepped up preparations to attack Rehe. Zhang Xueliang decided to set up two group armies. The commander-in-chief of the first group army was himself, mainly commanding the Northeastern Army's Liao Dongchun, Ding Xichun, Miao Chengliu, Sun Dequan and other brigades and the 29th Heilongjiang Provincial Army.
Brigade, the 30th Brigade, about 35,000 people; the commander-in-chief of the Second Army is Zhang Zuoxiang, and the deputy commander-in-chief is Tang Yulin, commanding Sun Dianying’s 41st Army, two brigades of Tang Yulin’s 36th Division and Zhang Tingshu’s
The 12th Brigade, as well as the Northeast Volunteer Army in Rehe, number about 70,000 people. The operational boundaries of the two armies are as follows: Chaoyang, Jianchang, Lingyuan, Pingquan and Chengde roads as the boundary, and the First Army to the south
To the north of the combat site is the Second Group Army combat site. China cooperated with various departments of the Northeast Army and the Northeast Volunteer Army, a total of more than 200,000 people. Kwantung Army Commander Muto Nobuyoshi issued Operation Preparation Order No. 466 in Changchun to complete the deployment. On February 17, Muto
Xinyi issued Attack Order No. 473 and prepared to start a military offensive on February 23. On February 18, 27 generals including Zhang Xueliang, Zhang Zuoxiang, Tang Yulin, Wan Fulin, and Song Zheyuan sent out the Jehol anti-Japanese power in Chengde.
Under the command of Kwantung Army Commander Muto Nobuyoshi, with Zhang Jinghui as the "Commander-in-Chief of the Manchukuo War-Removing Army", the base camp was located in Jinzhou. The Japanese and puppet troops totaled more than 100,000 people and were divided into three routes: the North Road was led by the Japanese 7th Division.
The regiment was composed of the Puppet Manchukuo Army Zhang Haipeng and Cheng Guorui. It set out from Tongliao, attacked Lu, Xinhui, and Jianping, with the target of Chifeng, and then headed south to Chengde; the east road was composed of the Japanese Eighth Division and the Puppet Manchukuo Army Li Shoushan Department.
, starting from Jinzhou, attacking Beipiao, Chaoyang, and Yebaishou along the Jinchao Line (now Jincheng Line), and finally attacking Chengde; southward, they attacked the Japanese 7th Division, 14th Division, 4th Cavalry Brigade, and 8th Cavalry Brigade.
The First Division and the puppet army Ding Qiang (Li Jichun) set out from Suizhong to attack Jianchang, Lingyuan, Pingquan, and then Chengde. In addition, the First Division and the Japanese Eighth Division invaded and occupied the Great Wall.
The garrison stationed at Shanhaiguan formed a detachment and set off from Gubeikou to the north and invaded Chengde.
In response to the Japanese and puppet troops' three-pronged invasion of Rehe, the Northeastern Army also divided into three routes to fight: the northern route from Kailu to Chifeng was defended by Sun Dianying's Department and Cui Xing's Fifth Department of the 17th Cavalry Brigade of the Rehe Provincial Army, and the Northeast Volunteer Army Feng Zhanhai.
Li Haiqing, Liu Zhendong and other troops assisted in the battle; on the east road from Beipiao to Chaoyang and Jianchang, there were the Yu Zhaolin Department of the 13th Brigade of the Heilongjiang Provincial Army, the Dong Futing Department of the 38th Infantry Brigade of the Rehe Provincial Army and those who retreated into the area.
Northeast Volunteer Army Li Chunhua, Tang Ju Wu; South Road Lingyuan to Pingquan, Chengde first line, Northeast Army 16th Brigade Miao Chengliu, 8th Brigade Ding Xichun, 19th Brigade Sun Dequan and Heilongjiang Provincial Army 19th Brigade Wang Yongsheng and other units
Defense. The Japanese army stormed the Tianshan Mountains, and the Northeast Army's Shi Wenhua Brigade fled across the board. On March 2, the Japanese army attacked Lindong, and the Northeast Army's Cui Xing 5th Brigade surrendered. On March 6, the Japanese army captured Linxi. The entire Rebei defense line of the Chinese defenders
collapse.
The main force of the Japanese Eighth Division began to attack Ye Baishou, but was resisted by the defender Yu Zhaolin Brigade of the Heilongjiang Provincial Army. The Japanese army consisted of more than 5,000 people, 9 aircraft, and more than 30 tanks, cooperating with the army to violently attack the Chinese defenders' positions.
The fierce fighting lasted for six or seven hours. Yu Zhaolin's brigade suffered heavy casualties, and all the commanders of the first company of the 688th Regiment were killed. However, the Zhuluke position was never captured with the reinforcements of the 684th Regiment of the 29th Brigade, and the Japanese army had to
Bypass Ye Baishou and go straight to Lingyuan.
At dawn on March 2, Lieutenant General Koiso Kuniaki, commander of the 18th Division of the Japanese Army, saw that the attack on Chifeng was blocked. He led his rapid troops and cavalry to come in a steady stream. The cannons were rumbling. At 3 o'clock in the night, the enemy occupied Dongsha City.
Tuozi bombarded the city with fierce artillery fire. At 12 noon, Sun's army retreated to Chifeng City and reorganized to prepare for a decisive battle with the Japanese army. The Japanese army came to Chifeng City and attacked the Chinese defenders at the east gate, north gate and west gate.
Set up outside the east gate of the city and bombarded Sandao Street, but Sun's army's artillery fire had not yet arrived, and the defenders were at a disadvantage. Sun Dianying personally boarded the east gate to supervise the battle. Until about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, Chifeng City was still firmly controlled by China.
In the hands of the defenders, the Japanese army could only adjust their offensive deployment, go back to the Yamato Bank on Toudao Street, blow up the buildings and rush into Toudao Street. At this time, Sun Dianying was commanding the battle at the east gate. Seeing that the city had been broken up, he immediately organized the defenders to attack on Toudao Street.
Streets and Sandao Streets started street fighting. He climbed up the East Gate Tower and vowed to live and die with Chifeng. County Magistrate Sun Tingbi saw that the city was about to be destroyed by artillery fire. Out of concern for protecting the safety of residents in the city, he sent Song, the president of the Chifeng Farmers' Association, to
Zi'an begged Sun Dianying to withdraw his troops, but Sun Dianying shed tears and led his troops to break out of Xitun, but the Northeast Volunteer Army did not withdraw. At about 5 o'clock in the afternoon, the Japanese army entered the city, and various units of the Northeast Volunteer Army started street fighting with the Japanese army. After a hard battle, the defenders were exhausted.
After running out of food, they withdrew one after another, and Chifeng fell. After Sun Dianying's troops retreated from Chifeng, they built fortifications on the Erdaohezi front line and continued to fight fiercely with the Japanese army until the defense line was broken through by the Japanese army on the afternoon of March 8, and the Chinese defenders moved to the paddock.
After Tang Yulin heard about the fall of Chifeng, he panicked. He collected a large number of vehicles from Peiping and Tianjin, and detained more than 240 military trucks from the front, loading private property and opium and transporting them to the Tianjin Concession. On March 3, 1934, Zhang Zuoxiang's Second Army Headquarters
Moved from Chengde to Gubeikou; in the early morning of the 4th, Tang Yulin had not seen any trace of the Japanese army, so he abandoned Chengde and fled to Fengning. At noon on the 4th, the Japanese Kawahara Brigade sent 128 people to occupy Chengde, the capital of Rehe Province, without any bloodshed. March 10
Wudan and Paddock were captured, and the Chinese troops withdrew to Banjieta and Fengning areas. The Japanese troops retreated to Chifeng to gather and stand by, and Rehe fell. At this point, the Rehe War of Resistance, which had been clamoring for a while, the 120,000 Northeastern Army, with the assistance of tens of thousands of volunteers, actually
They fled in embarrassment after being beaten by the Japanese army, and Rehe fell in just 12 days.
After the fall of Rehe, the volunteer armies from all over the Northeast lost the rear area they relied on to maneuver and cut off all sources of weapons, ammunition and other supplies. Only then did they think of Wang Yizhe in Heilongjiang. With no other choice, they all retreated to the north. At this time, Wang Yizhe
In order to cope with the retreat of the Volunteer Army, they immediately put on an offensive appearance along the coast of Heilongjiang. As a result, the Japanese were very cooperative and gave the Volunteer Army space to retreat. At this time, all the Chinese people compared Wang Yizhe and Marshal Zhang, and others
Only 128 people occupied Rehe. This was the most embarrassing thing for the Northeastern Army. Marshal Zhang hated Tang Yulin so much that he lost face in front of people all over the country.