For any physicist who studies high energy physics and theoretical physics.
Large and strong particle collisions are always an irresistible temptation.
The wonders of the universe, the mysteries of microscopic particles, the composition of everything in the world... For physicists, everything can be obtained from the Large Strong Particle Collider.
Xu Chuan is no exception. He also looks forward to a Large Strong Particle Collider that is more powerful than the LHC and has a higher collision energy level.
We hope to use it to discover more mysteries of the universe.
But now is not the time.
...
After thinking for a while, he replied: "On the one hand, it costs a lot of money. To build a large strong particle collider, tens of billions of funds are needed."
"If a new controllable nuclear fusion project and the construction of a large strong particle collider are to be launched at the same time, this will put considerable financial pressure on the country."
"On the other hand, and more importantly, we currently do not have enough physics talents!"
"To build a large strong particle collider now, before our country's physics talent has grown up, it can be said to be a wedding dress for other countries."
"So it's better to wait another year or two. Anyway, we have already joined as a member country and have a certain say and position in the European Atomic Energy Research Center. We can definitely use the LHC there to train a group of people for us in the past two years.
We will start the Large Strong Particle Collider later.”
The old man thought for a while and said: "As for dark matter, if we don't have our own strong particle collider, will we fall behind? After all, this is a brand new field."
In the past few decades, due to lagging behind in the development of new fields, China has been catching up with several generations. The hardships it has endured, the blood and tears it has shed, the humiliation and grievances it has suffered will never be forgotten.
Will want to do it again.
Now dark matter is undoubtedly a completely new field.
Especially when the discoverer is still in his own country, it is completely unjustifiable to lag behind other countries.
Although launching two super projects of controllable nuclear fusion and the Large Strong Particle Collider at the same time will put huge pressure on finance and other aspects.
But now China is not incapable of supporting two super projects at the same time. It achieved two bombs and one satellite when it was impoverished, let alone now.
Xu Chuan smiled and said: "Don't worry, dark matter will not easily form a new field that affects the entire world."
"Although I am almost certain that this new discovery is sterile neutrinos, strictly speaking, sterile neutrinos are not dark matter."
"It is a particle with some dark matter properties released during the decay or formation of dark matter."
"At the same time, it also possesses some of the physical properties of conventional particles, so it can be observed by detectors."
"If it is real dark matter, it can be said that it is impossible to observe real dark matter with the current CERN equipment."
"This is partly why I suggested we wait before building the Large Strong Particle Collider."
"We need to wait for the technology to be updated and get it right in one step, improving the collision energy level and detection methods by one or even several steps."
"That's the best choice."
For Xu Chuan, it is indeed not a wise thing to build a large strong particle collider now.
He also has technologies such as room-temperature superconductivity, dual magnetic mirrors, and strong magnetic mirror hoops to control the torus. These things can be applied to the collider to greatly improve the performance.
In addition, there is an even more critical point!
After a pause, Xu Chuan added: "In addition, I don't have enough time and energy to preside over two super projects at the same time."
Whether it's controllable nuclear fusion or a large strong particle collider, he has to get it.
He wouldn't trust it if it were handed over to someone else!
These two super projects, in today's era, can be said to have the greatest value and possibility only in his hands.
Hearing Xu Chuan's answer, the old man also smiled.
He naturally understood the meaning of the words, but this was probably the first time that the young scholar showed his sharp and confident side in front of him.
But this is the most normal thing.
How could a super genius who was able to win the Nobel Prize in Physics and the Fields Medal at the age of twenty-one, and a scholar who was already at the pinnacle of academics at an extremely young age, not be proud of himself?
...
In the capital, Xu Chuan stayed for three days.
In addition to the individual talks on the first day, he also participated in several meetings of the Ministry of Science and Technology to exchange and promote investment in the field of high energy physics, controllable nuclear fusion projects, nuclear waste reuse, nuclear power plant expansion and a series of other matters.
At the meeting, Xu Chuan remained cautious in his words and deeds, and only expressed some opinions on areas he was familiar with.
Just as he had thought before, with his current status, every word he said could have a great impact, especially in such a top-level meeting.
After settling matters in the capital, Xu Chuan took the high-speed train back to Jinling.
Things related to sterile neutrinos have come to an end for the time being, and subsequent research will have to wait until CERN restarts the 13tev energy level collision time, and he has returned to his normal life.
I go to NTU for one class every day, and spend the rest of my time studying and understanding mathematical manuscripts and papers related to the NS equation, teaching two students at the same time.
Nowadays, the nuclear energy beta radiation energy concentration and conversion into electric energy project has gradually come to an end for him. In addition, after a trip to Beijing, it is almost certain that the next project will be controllable nuclear fusion.
Then the mathematical model used to control the controllable nuclear fusion reactor chamber is the most important problem that needs to be solved at present.
...
Xu Chuan has a very deep understanding of controllable nuclear fusion. He is not only the first person in the world today, but he is at least one of the top three.
After all, he spent a long time studying this in the second half of his previous life.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! From superconducting materials to strong magnetic mirror hoop control torus, to radiation gap buffer technology and ultra-supercritical heat engine conversion technology, he has done everything for
It was developed by studying controllable nuclear fusion.
And about the constraints of ultra-high temperature plasma in the reactor chamber.
It can be said to be the biggest, or most core and most common problem in the realization of controllable nuclear fusion technology.
This is why there are currently two main technical routes in the field of controllable nuclear fusion research. Both tokamak and stellarator are facing common problems.
High temperature, high density, and long-term confinement!
If these three are separated, there are still many ways to do them individually based on current scientific and technological means.
For example, high temperatures require very harsh conditions to produce controllable nuclear fusion.
The Earth, which is unable to react normally with internal nuclear fusion through huge pressure like stars like the Sun, can only make up for it by increasing the temperature.
To fuse the deuterium and tritium materials in the reactor chamber, temperatures of hundreds of millions of degrees are required.
But even so, there are still many ways to do it.
For example, laser focus ignition, such as energizing the plasma itself to heat it, such as compressing the plasma volume to release heat, etc., can achieve high temperatures of hundreds of millions of degrees.
Even without considering the maintenance time, the group of people in European Atomic Energy Research also used the Large Strong Particle Collider LHC to create an ultra-high temperature of more than 5.5 trillion degrees.
It can be seen that high temperature is not a factor that causes uncontrollable nuclear fusion.
But if the three are put together, it will be extremely difficult to control them.
To carry out controllable nuclear fusion, it is necessary to have an ignition temperature of hundreds of millions of degrees and to maintain a regular operating temperature of tens of millions of degrees. At present, it can be said that no solid material can withstand this temperature and can only be restrained by a strong magnetic field.
However, when it comes to controlling and constraining ultra-high-temperature plasma in a chamber through magnetic fields, the biggest problem is the irregular turbulence caused by the large Reynolds coefficient of ultra-high-temperature plasma.
In the high-density plasma bound by the electromagnetic field, any slight disturbance will cause chaos in the entire system composed of plasma.
Once the ultra-high temperature plasma of tens of millions of degrees goes out of control, it will cause irreparable damage to the reactor chamber.
The prerequisite for commercialization is long-term operation and stable energy output.
Otherwise, a controllable nuclear fusion reactor needs to be inspected after running for a day or two, which can be said to be meaningless.
In order to achieve long-term control, it is necessary to establish a mathematical model for the ultra-high temperature plasma in the controllable nuclear fusion reactor chamber.
This is also one of the core aspects of current research on controllable nuclear fusion in various countries.
But to be honest, this research is not favored by many people.
If you want to establish a mathematical model to control the ultra-high temperature plasma in the reactor chamber, in today's field of controlled nuclear fusion, it is better to find a material that can resist plasma sputtering for a relatively long time. hope.
For example, China is relatively far along this road and has mastered the world's leading first-wall material manufacturing technology.
For example, beryllium copper tungsten composite materials that enhance thermal load were developed by Huaguo and are widely used in domestic controlled nuclear fusion research.
Even the international cooperation "International Thermonuclear Fusion Experimental Reactor (iter)" has more than 10% of the first wall materials using this composite gold.
To be honest, it is necessary to seek the ultimate countermeasure material to achieve controllable nuclear fusion.
Although everyone knows that establishing a mathematical model for ultra-high temperature plasma turbulence is the right path.
But it is too difficult to achieve this path.
Turbulence is one of the biggest problems in mathematics and physics. It is very difficult in today's mathematics community to establish an accurate control model for ordinary water flow and air turbulence.
Not to mention the ultra-high temperature plasma turbulence in the controllable nuclear fusion reactor chamber.
Judging from the Reynolds number formula re=pvd/μ, which is the simplest, most convenient and quickest way to calculate fluids, any increase in v, p, or μ will lead to an increase in the dimensionless number of the fluid flow.
The high-density plasma trapped in the reactor chamber by the electromagnetic field has a large Reynolds number, which is undoubtedly quite large.
To build a mathematical model for this kind of turbulence, if you ask any mathematics professor, even a Fields Medal winner, you will only get one answer.
That just can't be done!
Unless, you can solve the ns equation.
...
In the office, Xu Chuan flipped through the papers in his hand.
There are a lot of similar things on his desk.
Part of it is the research of his ancestor, Mr. Grothendieck, on nonlinear partial differential equations and Euler equations, and more of it is the information about ns equations collected by Fefferman.
After reading the information in his hand, Xu Chuan threw it to the table, took out a ballpoint pen from the pen box, and then started staring at the A4 paper in front of him in a daze.
Although he had previously collaborated with Fefferman to solve part of the ns equation, when he started to delve deeper into the ns equation, he still felt unable to start writing.
After thinking for a long time, Xu Chuan threw the ballpoint pen aside and silently looked up at the ceiling.
In the office, his two students Amelia and Gu Bing looked at him curiously from time to time.
To be honest, in their impression, their mentor had never been so confused since they met.
"Professor, have you encountered any problems?"
After looking at Xu Chuan in a daze for a long time, Amelia, who had a more lively personality, finally couldn't help it anymore and asked curiously.
Upon hearing the question, Xu Chuan replied casually without realizing it: "I am thinking about how to calculate the infinite discrete diffusion motion in a finite-dimensional vector field through mathematics."
Amelia:????
Gu Bing:????
What the hell is this answer from the instructor?
The question raised by Xu Chuan is actually not difficult to understand, but the finite-dimensional vector field cannot be linked to the discrete diffusion motion, right?
The former is that any non-zero finite-dimensional vector space in the number field p must have a basis theory, which belongs to the field of linear algebra; while the latter is something in the field of physics, right? If there is anything in mathematics that can be linked to it, then it is at most
The connection between discrete mathematics and fluid mathematics can be made.
How should we answer these two completely different fields that are almost completely unrelated?
For a moment, Amelia and Gu Bing fell into confusion.
However, the two people's questions actually made Xu Chuan wake up from his distraction.
Maybe he needs a little help from others.
If one person can't think of a solution, then he should at least listen to other people's ideas.
Thinking about it, Xu Chuan ignored the two confused students, stood up and left the office.
.......
After coming out of the teaching building, I waited at the gate for a while before a Hongqi car drove over.
"Professor, where are you going?"
After Xu Chuan got in the car, Zheng Hai turned around and asked.
"Go home and book a high-speed train ticket for me to Beijing."
At present, there are not many people in China who can help him with mathematics, but there is one person who can definitely do it, and he happens to be in China right now.
