Chapter 492: Provide theoretical basis for quantum chips
Xu Chuan entered his office to study something. Fan Pengyue didn't pay attention at first, thinking he would come out soon.
As a result, it was not until the next day, when he was in a meeting, that he suddenly remembered this matter.
I took out my cell phone and made a call, only to find that this junior brother had already run back to his villa.
In the study, Xu Chuan hung up the phone, looked at the manuscript paper on the table, which was already filled with dense characters, and continued his research.
The inspiration had been captured, and he wanted to work hard to improve this theory.
...
"...Consider regular placement of dopants in the lattice of space group (SG), which reduces the symmetry to CUC143, while the two-band and four-band models are characterized by $\Gamma$ and
Symmetrically strengthened double Weyl points at A..."
"Due to the non-trivial multi-band quantum geometry of the mixed orbital characteristics and a singular flat band, the excellent consistency in density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the high-temperature copper-carbon-silver composite material after the introduction of Cu atoms to form a magnetic trap provides
Evidence that the minimum topological band at the Fermi level can be achieved in doped materials."
"Theoretically, this is enough to provide a basis for building topological quantum materials."
Looking at the words on the manuscript paper, Xu Chuan's eyes showed a trace of satisfaction.
After three days of sleepless nights and staying up late, he seized the chance inspiration and expanded it to include topological states of matter based on the grand unified framework theory of strongly correlated electrons.
Exploring the generation mechanism and characteristics of topological states in strongly correlated systems provides the theoretical basis for the realization of new quantum devices.
Although there is still a long distance between theory and application, with the guidance of theoretical foundation, the direction of application progress is already clear.
Just like a ship sailing on the sea and encountering a storm, it sees a bright lighthouse on the edge of the coast among the waves and hurricanes, and has a clear direction to move forward.
Stretching with satisfaction, Xu Chuan stood up and stretched his muscles.
There was a crackling sound of joints, and he flexed his fingers, sat down again, and sorted out the manuscript papers on the table.
Studying the generation mechanism and characteristics of topological physical states can actually be regarded as a continuation of the grand unified framework theory of strongly correlated electrons.
However, he will probably not publish this research paper.
Because the importance is quite high.
A paper that provides a theoretical basis for the construction materials of quantum chips. No matter which country it is published in, it is the object of national key confidential research.
After sorting the manuscript papers and putting them in the drawer, Xu Chuan leaned on the back of his chair and stared at the bookshelf not far away and began to think.
With his research paper on the generation mechanism and characteristics of topological states, the development of quantum computers should be able to speed up.
The development of quantum chips and quantum technology is the future trend and a shortcut for China to achieve overtaking in the chip field.
As for traditional silicon-based chips, to be honest, there is no chance in this regard.
It’s not just that Western countries, led by the United States, have been working on silicon-based chips for decades and have established a complete set of rules and advanced photolithography technology, which has resulted in other countries having to catch up but not surpass them; moreover,
There are reasons why silicon-based chips have almost reached their end.
Traditional chip materials have always been based on silicon materials, but with the continuous improvement of chip technology, silicon-based chips are gradually approaching their limits.
At present, AMSL, TSMC and other companies have achieved the production of three-nanometer or even two-nanometer chips.
But for silicon-based chips, one nanometer is its theoretical limit.
The first reason is that the size of silicon atoms is only 0.12 nanometers. Based on the size of silicon atoms, once the chip technology reaches one nanometer, there will basically be no room for more transistors.
Therefore, the traditional silicone chip has basically reached its limit. If more transistors are forced to be added after 1nm, various problems will occur in the performance of the chip.
The second reason is the quantum tunneling effect, which is the biggest factor limiting the current development of silicon-based chips.
The so-called tunneling effect is simply a phenomenon in which microscopic particles, such as electrons, can directly pass through obstacles.
Specific to the chip, when the chip process is small enough, the electrons that originally flow normally in the circuit to form the current will not flow according to the route, but will pass through the semiconductor gate and flow everywhere, eventually causing leakage.
and other issues.
To put it simply, it is like a person who has learned the art of walking through a wall and passes directly from one side of the wall to the other.
In fact, this phenomenon does not refer to an effect that only appears when the silicon-based chip reaches one nanometer.
This leakage phenomenon has occurred in silicon-based chips before when the chip reached 20 nanometers.
However, some chip manufacturers, including TSMC, later improved this problem through process improvements.
Later, between 7 nanometers and 5 nanometers, this phenomenon appeared again, and ASML solved this problem by inventing the EUV lithography machine, which greatly improved the lithography capabilities.
But in the future, as chip technology becomes smaller and smaller, various problems caused by quantum tunneling effects will gradually be exposed when traditional silicon-based chips reach 2 nanometers.
At the sign of one nanometer, even if some chip manufacturers can break through this mark, the overall chip performance will not be excellent in theory, or even too stable, and various problems may occur.
Perhaps during this process, scientists will think of various ways to solve this problem.
But the limitations of silicon-based materials themselves are there, and its development potential is limited.
Finding a substitute material, or developing other discovered computers, is what the chip and computer industries have been doing.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! Quantum chips and quantum computers are undoubtedly the most important lines of future development.
In this regard, even carbon-based chips, which have the greatest potential to replace silicon-based chips, are slightly less important.
After all, today's quantum computers have established a fairly complete theoretical foundation, and have even realized a physical computer that can control two-digit qubits. The future of development is bright.
As for the troublesome point, it lies in how to control qubits and store information.
The research mechanism paper in his hand on the generation mechanism and characteristics of topological physical states can solve this problem to a large extent.
This means that the number of bits manipulated by a quantum computer can reach three or even four digits.
Although there are often tens of billions of transistors in the chips of traditional silicon-based chip computers, the number of qubits sounds pitiful.
But in fact there is no comparison between the two.
If we insist on PK, then the computing power of a 30-qubit quantum computer is almost the same as that of a classical computer capable of trillions of floating-point operations per second.
The computing power of quantum computers increases exponentially with the manipulation number of qubits.
Scientists estimate that a 100-bit quantum computer will have a computing speed that exceeds that of the most powerful existing supercomputers when dealing with some specific problems.
If the computing bits of a quantum computer can be increased to 500, then this computer will defeat all current supercomputers in all aspects.
Of course, these are all based on theory. As for the specific actual situation, we don’t know yet.
However, the theoretically attractive prospects have naturally attracted countless countries and scientific institutions to devote their attention to this issue.
Xu Chuan is no exception, especially since he still controls such a big killer weapon.
But what he is considering is whether to cooperate with the country to develop the field of quantum computers, establish rules, and control quantum hegemony, or whether to continue research on his own first.
Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, making it difficult to choose.
.......
After thinking for a while, Xu Chuan shook his head and threw away the thoughts in his mind.
Let’s take one step at a time. With regard to the development of quantum computers, he currently doesn’t have much time to do it.
Miniaturized controllable nuclear fusion technology and aerospace engines have not been completed yet, and the most important focus at the moment is on this first.
After cleaning up the mess on the desk, Xu Chuan stood up, took a shower and rushed to the Sichuan-Hai Materials Research Institute.
Superconducting materials with high critical magnetic fields have been supported by data in simulation experiments, and the next step is to prepare them through real experiments.
Originally, this work should have started three days ago, but due to some unexpected inspiration, he spent three days studying in the villa. Fan Pengyue did not receive instructions and did not dare to start without authorization, so it was delayed for three days.
.
But Xu Chuan didn't care too much. These three days were completely worth it.
After entering the laboratory and changing into work clothes, he found two formal researchers as assistants and personally began to prepare high-temperature copper-carbon-silver composite superconducting materials that introduced an anti-magnetic mechanism.
In the early stages of preparing this improved superconducting material, there is not much difference in the steps.
Raw materials with high purity, good crystal structure, and controllable particle size are produced through vacuum metallurgical equipment, which is the basis for preparing copper-carbon-silver composite materials.
Then, RF magnetron sputtering equipment is used to sputter the prepared nanomaterials on the SrTiO3 substrate to form a thin film.
And from here on, it’s the turning point.
In the original high-temperature copper-carbon-silver superconducting material, it is necessary to add 2% volume fraction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanotubes modified by surface Cu plating as reinforcement phases.
However, in strengthening superconductors, it is necessary to introduce excess Cu nanoparticles and guide Cu atoms to form spins and form orbital hybridization with C atoms under high temperature and high pressure conditions through current stimulation to improve the structure of the material surface.
The main purpose of this step is to dope Cu atoms in excess Cu nanoparticles into the holes, thereby producing non-trivial quantum phenomena and promoting the creation of magnetic traps.
To put it simply, the generation of the magnetic trap requires external supplementary energy, and methods such as high temperature, high pressure, and conduction are supplementary means and means to adjust the spin angle of Cu atoms.
This is one of the common methods for optimizing the performance and microstructure of nanoscale materials and superconductor materials.
In addition to high temperature and high pressure, there are also methods such as infiltration growth, solution method, vapor deposition method, and physical deposition method.
However, due to the need for additional energy, these methods are probably not suitable for superconductors that strengthen critical magnetic fields.
If the high-temperature and high-pressure guidance method is not suitable for improved superconducting materials, the only remaining way is probably to use an ion implanter.
However, if the energy level of the ion implanter is too high, it will damage the superconductor to a large extent and reduce the performance. Industrial mass production is also quite troublesome.
After all, this is the preparation of raw materials, not the production of semiconductors. Cost performance and preparation difficulty must be considered.
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