In the superconducting electromagnetic testing laboratory, Xu Chuan pulled up the chair that Min Fu had fallen to the ground due to excitement.
After repeating the critical pressure coefficient test again, the freshly released data caught everyone's eyes.
His eyes fell on the computer screen. On the experimental data that had been paused, the resistance curve of 318.651kPa was as bright as a star in the sun, extremely eye-catching.
Looking at the cliff-like curve on the screen, a smile appeared on Xu Chuan's lips.
He also did not expect that after more than ten years, he would prepare the "copper oxide-based chromium-silver system room temperature superconducting material" again and successfully produce it in one go.
It seems that his craftsmanship is not bad, and the guy who eats is not lost.
"Fuck!"
Standing behind him, Fan Pengyue, who hurried over after receiving the news, couldn't help but rub his eyes with his hands. A standard exclamation came out of this senior brother Fan's mouth. His expression was full of shock, and he almost died.
Bite your own tongue.
On the side, Song Wenbai and Gong Zheng, who dropped their experiments and rushed over, didn't look much better either.
Obviously, all three of them were shocked by this test experimental data.
As if he thought he had seen it wrong, Fan Pengyue pulled Xu Chuan away from him, leaned over and pressed against the computer screen wall, his eyes widening.
After staring at the experimental data on the screen for a long time, he couldn't help but stand up and look at Xu Chuan, asking for an answer.
"Three hundred kPa pressure? Zero resistance?"
Even after seeing the test data with his own eyes, he still couldn't believe it was true.
Xu Chuan nodded and said with a smile: "You read that right."
After swallowing, Fan Pengyue looked at Xu Chuan, then couldn't help but look back at the experimental data, and a dialect flew out.
"Neah!"
Xu Chuan glanced at him, a little confused: "Hey, what do you mean?"
Fan Pengyue ignored this. He stared at Xu Chuan and quickly asked: "Is this the material you just made?"
"Of course, any questions?" Xu Chuan nodded and asked.
"question?"
Fan Pengyue glanced at Xu Chuan strangely, and said excitedly: "Problem? The problem is that there is no problem, but this one is awesome!!"
"The resistance is zero under a pressure of three hundred kilopascals. Do you know what this concept is?!"
Xu Chuan smiled and said lightly: "There is still a big gap between this and our research goals, so don't be so excited."
Fan Pengyue: "..."
grass!
Who is going to kill this pretender?
It’s too much like Versailles!
What is the concept of achieving room temperature superconductivity under a pressure of 300 kilopascals?
It’s something that all countries will jump up to fight for!
The intensity of standard atmospheric pressure is 101.325kPa, and 318.651kPa is 3.144 times that of standard atmospheric pressure.
The pressure is three times that of standard atmospheric pressure, achieving superconductivity at standard room temperature.
Compared with the previous data in the field of superconductivity, which frequently reached millions of standard atmospheric pressures, this breakthrough cannot be described as a miracle or a miracle.
So much so that even now, Min Fu, who was doing the test, still utters a sentence from time to time, "This is really a miracle. How can this kind of words be possible?"
And more importantly, standard room temperature under three standard atmospheric pressure environments has superconducting properties. Compared with materials such as solid hydrogen, lanthanum decahydride, and sulfur carbon compounds, it has practical value to a certain extent.
After all, it is difficult to create the strength of millions of standard atmospheres, but it is still very simple to create the strength of three standard atmospheres.
It is so simple that it is very common in life.
For example, the most common watch waterproofing has clear regulations in national and international standards.
Any watch marked as waterproof must withstand at least two atmospheres of pressure, that is, no water can enter the depth of 20 meters. Water resistance of 30 meters means that the watch can withstand 3 atmospheres of pressure.
That is, the temperature is maintained at 20-25 degrees Celsius, and both the watch and the water are stationary. In this case, if the watch is waterproof, it is qualified.
As for human free diving, the depth that ordinary people can generally withstand is about thirty meters, which means it can withstand three standard atmospheric pressures without causing physical problems.
If you are a trained professional diver, you can free dive to a depth of more than 100 meters. At this depth, the diver will bear almost ten atmospheric pressures.
From these data, it is enough to see how low the intensity of three standard atmospheric pressures is.
Xu Chuan smiled and didn't pay much attention to the shock of these people.
Achieving room temperature superconductivity under the intensity of three standard atmospheres is indeed quite astonishing.
But as he said, this is still a long way from his goal.
His goal is to have superconducting properties in an environment of normal temperature and pressure, while also being able to be industrialized and easily processed into materials of various shapes.
It would be even better if we could find a way to save synthesis costs.
Just like the synthesis of high-temperature copper-carbon-silver composite superconducting materials, Western Superconducting Group is now able to produce hundreds of tons a day.
.....
The unfinished testing of copper oxide-based chromium-silver series room temperature superconducting materials continues.
But the next test focused on the correlation test between pressure and temperature.
To put it simply, it is to test how much pressure is required for this material to transform from a non-superconducting state to a superconducting state at different temperatures.
This test is somewhat similar to the previous critical temperature test, but the difference is that it increases the pressure coefficient.
The first test was undoubtedly the most critical temperature rise experiment.
This is related to the application of this material in an environment above room temperature of 25 degrees Celsius!
After all, to maintain superconductivity below 25 degrees Celsius, it is enough to fix the pressure at three standard atmospheres, but above 25 degrees Celsius, the required conditions are unknown.
Because according to the usual experimental data of superconducting materials, for every increase of one degree Celsius, the amount of pressure that needs to be increased will increase exponentially to continue to maintain the superconducting state.
This data is related to the actual application of this material, and naturally attracts more attention.
.....
This kind of targeted experiment is not difficult, and the phased testing is completed quite quickly.
The experimental data was printed out using a special printer and sent to Xu Chuan, Fan Pengyue and others.
Looking at the experimental data in their hands, almost everyone except Xu Chuan frowned.
Because of this experimental data, the first phenomenon, or situation, that they had never seen before appeared!
At a standard room temperature of 25 degrees Celsius, the value of the superconducting critical pressure for copper oxide-based chromium-silver system room-temperature superconducting materials is 318.651kPa.
When the temperature rises by one degree or 26 degrees Celsius, the required value for the superconducting critical pressure rises to 347.11kPa.
In comparison, the pressure has increased by 28.459 kPa, which is about a quarter of a standard atmosphere.
There is no problem with this. As the temperature increases, the required pressure also increases.
The problem occurs with the next piece of data.
When the test temperature rises to 27 degrees Celsius, the required value for the superconducting critical pressure rises to 379.66kPa.
It only increased by 32.55 kPa, which is not a big improvement compared to 26 degrees Celsius.
"....28 degrees Celsius, the pressure value rose to 413.580kPa...."
It can be clearly seen from the data that every time the temperature rises by one degree, the required pressure does indeed increase.
This does not seem to be a problem, but if you have studied physics and remember the laws of thermodynamics or the theory of relativity, you will be very aware of the problems in this data.
Not only does it not conform to the usual experimental data of various superconducting materials, it also violates the theorems of thermodynamics and even the theory of relativity to a certain extent.
...
As we all know, there is a positive correlation between superconducting pressure temperature and pressure, that is, the higher the pressure, the higher the superconducting critical temperature.
This is determined by the properties of the substance itself.
To put it simply, the reason why superconductivity requires ultra-low temperatures to achieve is because when current passes through a conductor, it generates heat due to resistance.
This involves the source of temperature.
Temperature comes from the amplitude of atomic vibration. The higher the temperature of a substance, the more violent its atoms vibrate or move.
When current flows through a wire, a large number of electrons in the wire are in a moving state.
At this time, the electrons will "collide" with the atoms that make up the wire, and such "collision" will affect the vibration of the atoms.
This means that the forward direction of the electrons will change as a result, and the atoms will also absorb part of the energy of the electrons, and the absorbed energy will make the atoms vibrate more violently.
Superconductivity uses external conditions to 'pacify' the vibrations of these atoms, keeping them in a quiet state.
Just like a highway with four flat plains, vehicles (electronics) can pass quickly.
Whether it is low temperature or high pressure and strong environment, it all plays this role.
But theoretically speaking, whether it is increasing or decreasing, the energy consumed will be exponential.
Because the more intense the exercise, the more effort (energy) you need to calm it down.
The same is true for superconducting materials.
There is a positive correlation between critical temperature and critical pressure, that is, the higher the temperature, the greater the required pressure.
This is just like an increase in speed. If the speed of a mass object increases by one point, the energy required increases exponentially.
Einstein's theory of relativity also explains this phenomenon.
That is, when the speed of an object approaches the speed of light, the energy required will increase infinitely.
This is because the mass of an object increases as its speed increases, and the energy required also increases.
However, the experimental data in their hands seriously violated this theorem.
As the temperature rises, the pressure required to maintain the superconducting state does not increase exponentially.
...
"This unscientific!"
Staring closely at the experimental data in his hands, Song Wenbo frowned and took the lead in breaking the silence in the laboratory.
On the side, Fan Pengyue also frowned at the experimental data, nodded in agreement: "As the temperature increases, the critical pressure required to maintain the superconducting state does increase, but..."
Gong Zheng, standing next to him, completed his words: "The rising arc and value are wrong, it is too small."
As a researcher at the Chuanhai Institute of Materials, they can serve as Xu Chuan's deputy and lead other experiments. Needless to say, the abilities of these people.
Abnormalities in the experimental data naturally cannot escape their eyes.
The temperature rises, but the required pressure, or energy, is not equal.
Just like increasing the speed, the energy required is almost fixed.
It is as outrageous as someone telling them that a perpetual motion machine can be achieved. If there is something wrong with the experimental equipment, there is something wrong with the world.
If this were true, not to mention breaking the laws of thermodynamics, the core of the theory of relativity would immediately collapse, and it could even be said that the entire physics would have to be started all over again.
As a scholar and a scientific researcher, no one would believe that such a thing would happen.
However, something so outrageous happened under their noses.
"Junior Brother Chuan, what do you think? Physics has collapsed?"
After staring at the experimental data in his hand for a while, Fan Pengyue frowned and looked at Xu Chuan, and couldn't help but ask.
Hearing this, the other three people in the laboratory also cast inquiring glances at the same time.
If anyone else might know why this situation occurs, it is undoubtedly the person who prepared this material.
Xu Chuan couldn't help but smile when he heard that Senior Brother Fan said that physics was broken.
How can the basic physics that predecessors spent countless hours establishing collapse so easily? This experimental data may seem outrageous, but it does not violate the theorems of thermodynamics or the theory of phase relativity, and is still included in the framework of physics.
But looking back, I have to say that this is indeed quite confusing data at this stage.
When he saw this experimental data for the first time in his previous life, he was also puzzled by it and spent a lot of time on it to find the answer.
It does not violate physics, but the direction of explanation it requires is not the theorems of thermodynamics, but in another direction.
Seeing that Xu Chuan's expression was not surprised at all and even smiled, Senior Brother Fan couldn't help it and quickly asked: "Why do I feel that you have expected it and are not surprised at all?"
Xu Chuan smiled and explained: "If my guess is correct, this should be a new mechanism of room temperature superconductivity, or a new phenomenon of local electron delocalization."
"I have considered it when constructing the mechanism of room temperature superconductivity, but the current experimental data is not enough to support my guess. Let's complete the test experiment, and I will explain it to you after it is completed."
As he spoke, he looked at Min Fu, who was in charge of superconducting material experiments, and said with a smile: "The next experiment will be conducted in the low-temperature area. It will verify my 'speculation'."