Chapter 136 0131 [There were also hard pens in ancient times]
The sun was very hot, so Chen Yuan and Xue Daoguang did not go outside. They all stayed indoors to study mathematics.
Ju Ming picked up a bamboo pen on the table. The tail of the pen is a closed bamboo section, and the pen tip is a double-petal structure. Except that there is no rubber straw, the structure and function of this bamboo pen are exactly the same as modern fountain pens.
"Dean Zhu, did you make one?" Zhu Ming thought it was very useful and wanted to get one himself.
"Lao Chen and Lao Xue made them themselves," Zhu Guoxiang picked out two more hard pens and said, "This is a reed tube pen, which has the same structure as a bamboo tube pen. This is a wooden pen and cannot store ink. It needs to be dipped in ink while
Write. Their hard-pen calligraphy is very good, they must have practiced it a long time ago."
Ju Ming felt that his views had been refreshed: "In other words, at least in the Song Dynasty, there was already a prototype of the fountain pen?"
Not only the Song Dynasty, this thing can be traced back to at least the Tang Dynasty, and may even have appeared in the Han Dynasty.
More than 20,000 pages of hard-tipped calligraphy manuscripts were identified in the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang. More than one or two hard-tipped pens were unearthed from major sites, including bamboo-tube pens, reed-tube pens, wooden pens, bone pens, etc.
Many types.
Zhu Guoxiang said: "When they were studying mathematics and physics, they thought it was too troublesome to draw pictures with brushes, so they made a bunch of hard pens at home. Later, they stopped using brushes at all and even used hard pens to write articles. Among them, reed-tube pens were the most numerous, easy to make, and low in consumption.
Come on, Lao Chen has already written that he has more than ten bald branches."
"Where have these two learned now?" Zhu Ming asked.
Zhu Guoxiang said: "I don't know how to compile textbooks for the 21st century. According to the textbooks I had at that time, Chen Yuan had already completed junior high school mathematics and physics, and Xue Daoguang was probably at the first or second grade level of junior high school. Of course, electricity was not taught.
."
"Awesome!" Zhu Ming praised.
Zhu Guoxiang asked: "When will you leave?"
Zhu Ming said: "At the end of September, I will go to Yangzhou to join them. I estimate that I will go down the mountain on September 20th."
"Then hurry up and train the village soldiers." Zhu Guoxiang said.
Zhu Ming said: "It has been arranged and we will start practicing tomorrow."
Ju Ming took the bamboo pen as a template, picked up the knife and went to the back of the room, where the remaining pen-making materials were piled.
I chose a bamboo tube as thick as a cigarette, then slowly sharpened the nib, and broke the nib into two pieces, a classic fountain pen nib structure. Then I slowly sharpened the nib until it was smooth.
"How do you add ink to this pen?" Zhu Ming ran to ask Chen Yuan.
Chen Yuan said: "There is a small spoon."
Ju Ming used a small spoon to scoop up the ink and poured it into the pen tube bit by bit. It was quite laborious and he had to shake it a few times. It was convenient without a rubber straw.
After loading the ink, I also stuffed the pen feed.
Ju Ming asked: "Does Mr. Chen often use bamboo pens?"
Chen Yuan said: "Literary officials often use it. Hard pen writing is faster. Monks and Taoists also use it to copy scriptures."
"Sir, do you know what the meaning of this bamboo pen is?" Ju Ming spreads physics anytime and anywhere.
Chen Yuan said: "Fill ink and shake off the air inside, and the air pressure inside the pen tube will be less than the air pressure outside. Coupled with the tension on the surface of the ink, when the pen tip is pointed downward, a large amount of ink will not flow out. When writing, the pen tip,
The pen tongue can continuously absorb ink through capillary phenomenon. If the balance force in the pen tube is broken due to air pressure, vibration, and gravity, the pen tongue will act like a dam to trap excess ink."
Well, Dean Zhu has already imparted the knowledge of air pressure.
Chen Yuan said with emotion: "Everything has its own reason, and this bamboo pen is no different. Brother Yuanzhang is a scholar of heaven and man. No matter what you ask him, he can give an insightful answer."
Zhu Ming said: "The late student will go out to Tokyo at the end of September to take the exam. Should the husband stay in the village or go with him? You can't stay in the mountains forever to spread the knowledge of preaching."
Chen Yuan thought for a while: "Let's go together. Yangzhou is too small, and Tokyo is the place to preach."
If it is a traditional Confucian school, if you pick a village and build a thatched cottage, you can attract scholars to come and study.
However, their idea is that "the common people's daily needs are the Tao." At the beginning, the audience was middle- and lower-class scholars and citizens, so they had to go to big cities to give lectures.
Kaifeng is undoubtedly the largest city!
Xue Daoguang finally drew an auxiliary line, raised his head and said, "Pindao is also going to Tokyo."
"Didn't the Taoist priest escape from Tokyo?" Zhu Ming asked.
Xue Daoguang said: "The limelight is over, you can go back."
There are hundreds of disciples of Zhenren Ziyang, but only one person has received the true teaching, and that is Xue Daoguang's master Shi Tai.
By the way, Shi Tai has superb medical skills, and Xue Daoguang also has nearly ten years of medical experience. He has recently passed on many prescriptions to Dr. Zhao in the village.
Shi Tai was a Japanese man and was not keen on preaching. He originally told Xue Daoguang to go to Tokyo, rely on the powerful, recruit disciples, and revitalize their sect.
Unexpectedly, Xue Daoguang's character is similar, and he still has no apprentices, and he is too lazy to win over powerful people through Taoism.
But it is hard to disobey a teacher's order. Xue Daoguang also wants to accept a disciple. He thinks that Ju Ming is quite enlightened. Since Ju Ming does not want to become a teacher, then he can choose another disciple and follow Chen Yuan to Tokyo to learn mathematics and physics while looking for new students.
A disciple with potential.
After deciding to go together, Zhu Ming started training the troops the next day.
Counting Zhang Guangdao and other leaders, a total of 75 security guards were trained.
Select the young men in the village and give them newly opened wasteland instead of paying them. The new villagers will open up ten acres of wasteland and sell one acre to the village as public property.
Used for rewards.
Therefore, the security team in Daming Village is a bit like the government army system in the Sui and Tang Dynasties!
Zhang Guangdao was appointed as the head of the capital, Tian San as the deputy head of the capital, and Deng Chun and others as captains of ten.
As for Bai Sheng, Shi Biao and Zhu Ming, they will be taken to Tokyo.
Zhu Ming completed the formation of the security team and did not train it himself. He only supervised and let Zhang Guangdao be responsible for the training.
Zhang Guangdao suggested: "You can buy a few more bows and arrange them in the mandarin duck formation."
"I'll ask the Zheng family to send it next year," Zhu Ming said.
For ordinary bows and arrows in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, you can buy a bow for seven to eight hundred yuan, and you can buy an arrow for more than twenty yuan. Bamboo arrows from the south are even cheaper.
The above are market prices.
If it is a military purchase, the officials will have to receive kickbacks, and the price will be between 1,200 and 2,000 yuan.
In large-scale battles, bows are not expensive, and arrows are the biggest consumption. If you shoot ten thousand arrows, two or three hundred will be gone. In large-scale battles, hundreds of thousands of arrows are often shot, and they can be recovered after winning the battle.
In some cases, losing a battle can make the quartermaster's heart bleed.
In addition, good bows produced in Xingzhou, Xixia are the most expensive. If it is a deluxe version, a bow can be sold for hundreds of bows!
The bow in Ju Ming's hand cost more than thirty bows.
Sitting under the shade of a tree, Zhu Ming made a cup of tea and carefully observed the security team's drill.
The military discipline of the security team is more strict and detailed than when training archers. The military stick has been abolished and replaced with physical punishment, such as running away. Moreover, if one person does not practice well in a row, the entire team will be punished.
Military regulations are also divided into two types, one is military discipline during training, and the other is military discipline during marching and fighting.
Moreover, officers and soldiers eat the same meals no matter what they eat at home, during training, marching, and fighting. (Individual generals or special forces can apply for more meat to maintain their physical consumption.)
The core military rule is that you are not allowed to harass the people! Once violated, you will be fired, in the middle, you will be fined, and in the worst, you will be beheaded.
In addition to practicing the Mandarin Duck Formation, physical training is also added, such as standing in military posture and running with heavy loads. These contents existed in ancient times and are standard equipment for a strong army.
Take Qi Jiajun as an example, there are three physical training methods.
First, during normal training, put more weight on the weapon.
Second, add some heavy objects to the leather armor and iron armor.
Third, a qualified Qi Jiajun can only be considered a qualified Qi Jiajun by tying a sandbag and running, running one mile in one breath without breathing heavily.
In addition, Qi Jiajun is not allowed to learn flower guns and flower knives. Those things are skills for traveling in the arena and performing arts. Bringing them to the army will interfere with formation fighting.
Xue Daoguang stood observing from a distance for a while, then came over and said, "I can teach them a set of physical training techniques."
Zhu Ming stood up and held his hands in his hands: "Thank you, Taoist priest."
Xue Daoguang's physical training skills are somewhat similar to Baduanjin and can be used as military gymnastics.
When Xue Daoguang was teaching gymnastics, Chen Yuan also came over and asked, "What is Dalang doing for training?"
Zhu Ming explained: "The imperial court is increasing taxes year by year. If this continues, the government will inevitably force the people to rebel, and I am afraid that thieves and even rebel thieves will be born. Daming Village is getting richer and richer, and sooner or later it will be targeted by thieves. I have trained dozens of villages
You are brave, just to protect the country and the people. How can you rely on the government?"
"Indeed." Chen Yuan didn't think much about it, because Zhu Ming was about to take the exam in Beijing, would the Jinshi still rebel?
Nowadays, even in the Jiangnan area, there are large and small groups of thieves.
Mainly forced out by Hua Shi Gang, Hua Shi Gang has been in operation for nearly ten years, its scale is getting bigger and bigger, and more and more people are going bankrupt.
Moreover, many of those who were bankrupted by Hua Shigang belonged to landlords!
These landowners have some influence. Once they break up their homes and flee, they can easily gather people to commit robberies.
Chen Yuan lamented: "The common people's daily use is the Tao. We turn the Tao into practical use. Although we can benefit the people, how can we withstand the government's exploitation? When corn and sweet potatoes are introduced, this Yangzhou's exorbitant sect will
, I’m afraid it will get worse, and no matter how much food is harvested, it will not help. If the traitors are not eliminated, the world will be in trouble. If the officials are not able to govern properly, the world will be in trouble."
Ju Ming also did not promote the theory of rebellion and used Ling Guxu's point of view to deal with it: "The official family has no hope today. It all depends on what happens after the prince succeeds to the throne."
"It's hard to count on that faint king." Chen Yuan nodded.
Insightful people have long despaired of Song Huizong. Hua Shigang caused a lot of resentment in the south of the Yangtze River because he only built a garden for Song Huizong.
Zhu Meng was a small businessman who opened a medicine shop. Through Cai Jing, he curried favor with Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty. Now he was able to dispatch officials and troops from the south at will. Even the various watercrafts had to obey Zhu Meng's instructions. They often transported Hua Shigang, causing accidents.
Grain shipments were delayed and grain prices in Tokyo soared.
This guy set his sights on a certain wealthy household, so he led his troops to rush into other people's homes, using the pretext of expropriating rare stones to seize other people's property.
In the end, Zhu Meng actually amassed thousands of private soldiers, and most of the prefects and prefects in Jiangnan were his disciples. People called the Zhu family the "Little Southeast Court". The Zhu family's farmland increased to 300,000 acres, and all of it was in Jiangnan.
Good farmland in the area.
To the Jiangnan gentry, Song Huizong was not only a coward, but also a complete tyrant.
A famous Confucian like Chen Yuan opened his mouth to criticize Huizong of Song Dynasty without any respect at all.
The village soldiers had been practicing for half a month, and Zhu Ming packed up and went down the mountain.
He carried the books and clothes on his back, while Bai Sheng and Shi Biao each carried a sack of dried mushrooms.
"Take this with you." Zhu Guoxiang threw a Ganoderma lucidum.
Ju Ming praised: "Good stuff."
Of course, this Ganoderma lucidum is not as big as a millstone, but it is not too small either. It was raised by Dean Zhu to be as big as a tennis racket.
Zhu Guoxiang said: "Next year we will plant more and maybe it will be bigger. Then we can sell it to wealthy businessmen in Yangzhou and earn a lot of development funds."